STNTHI-AES

Circuit Diagrams

and Layouts

from

,11 North Main

P.O. Box 439
Williamsburg, MA.
01096
268-3588
J

INDEX

1. Address clock

I 2. Address clock + Touch Sensitive KB.

«■» 3. Touch Sensitive KB.

J *f. Touch Sensitive KB.

-. -5. Touch Sensitive KB.

6. D Type Short Term Memory.

1 7. D Type Short Term Memory.

8. Random Touch Pad and Clock + Real Time DAC.

J 9» Record And Play Touch Pads + Dynamic Function + Envelope Trigger

-| 10« " Record And Play Touch Pads + Memory Control Logic.

11. Shift Register Memory + Gates.

^B: 12. Shift Register Memory + Clock Generator - Skipshift.

13* Meter DAC + Clock Generator - Skip And Shift.

J 14. Memory DAC + Transposition Pads + Shift Ani Skip.

I 15« Transposition Pads.

16. Transposition Pads + Appendix.

J Back Page. Shift Register. MF5OO52T.

or MF71CA.
 The pulses generated are used to compile various gating signals. . ::

The signal is divided by 2 by E22 (8,9,11,12) and again by 2 by •

E22 (2,3f5f6), and then'by 16 by E23. By gating these signals together,
a set of waveforms shown below is produced.

imnnnnnnnn^ **

en

nnnnnn 'nnnnnnnnnnn

in U U U U U U

V////T
■*/fit,

SIGNALS A1f AOf BO, CO provide a four bit address code to the

three data multiplexers* The top two multiplexers, E15, E27 are connected
to the keyboard, and as only 30 notes are provided, then two inputs

(E27 p">s 7f8) are left permanently unconnected# The lower multiplexer
is the "transposition pad" unit.
 MULTIPLEXERS - an electronic 16 way switch; single pole,

The 16 inputs; EO to E15f can be

considered as the 16 inputs to a

rotary switch* The switch position *

(only 6ne pole) is determined by the address code.ie'AO A1 B1 C1.

labelled ABCD on the actual device.

.Where 0 = low voltagd ) . . ,

1 = high voltage ) 1<JS1C levels

-This is known as a truth table.

Thus, for an address

DCBA ■ . ..
10 11 sorry about the reversed code

The switch is at position 12

ABCD
110 1 "^f" 12
'A1 is known as the least significant
bit r LSB
E15 16 1111
•D1 is inown as the most significant .
bit - MSB . '■■

The ENABLE SIGNAL acts as a switch; that is when this signal is high (1)
the switch is open circuit, and the output (w) is permanently high.
.When this 6ignal is low (o) the switch is closed and so anyone of the 16
data inputs may be selected. The'ENABLE'is SOMETIMES called the STROBE.
 Note that the output shows the inverted data. Thus to summarise.
ABC
With a high (1) at data input 12, and address code of * * jj D
0

and an enable signal of logic 0, the output is (1) inverted, namely 0,

TOUCH SENSITIVITY.

The input to a TTL gate looks like:-

This is a multiple eraitterf

transistor, i..e. a transistor witJi,

in this casey b emitters•

» \.

In the multiplexer, *f of them are connected to the address code, one to the

enable signal and the last to the touch plate

r~
-V

For ^aclTVpecific input there will only be one point in the Address cycle
(32 bits) when all 5 emitters are high at the same time. . When the bias
is correctly aligned, the circuit will behave as follows:- r
looking at the last Grace we see.that
sixth emitter, which is connected to r
t
- - --1 the touch plate, is dragged up, due to the

-o associated capacitance* of itself WRT its

sister emitters. Infact, it is dragged

to a M1.
up so. far that it changes state from a '0'
BUT when a finger is placed on the associated touch .plate, the*.-.
r
r
capacitance of the finger increases the total capacitance os seen by the

emitter, increasing it by as much as 10 to 100 pF, and this is sufficient ,

 5.

to prevent it from changing 6tate. Thus, pressing the pad with a finger

i will prevent the data multiplexer

output from changing state.

The enable signals fMf and fNf are

Thus one multiplexer is addressed, and

then the other (i.e. E15 and 27) is

then the other etc.
I IB 1W

If more than one note is pressed, then several gaps in the outputs will

be generated; however; the electronics that follow select the first note to

appear, and as the keyboard is swept (addressed) from top to bottom, then
the highest note of all the notes pressed is selected.

This piece of electronics is E26 (11,12,13) (^,5,6)

E25 (8,9,10,11,12,13)1 E16, E17, E18. I *

The two delta outputs of MULTIPLEXERS E15, E17 are OR'ED together by

E26 (11,12,13) (that is they are affectively just added together).

■ *WHEN looking for these waveforms, you much SYNC OFF of DO

 6
Now consider the fDf type E 25 (8,9,10,11,12,13).

Assume that pin 8 is at logic 1. Therefore, Pin 5 E26 is at logic 1,

and it is thus "enabled" in that is allows signals at its other pin

(pin *f) to pass through it. The signal at pin k is the summed data
output, which when it passes through the gate, is inverted. Notice

that the clock pulses are coherent with the data signal.

The D type operates as follows. It

is an edge triggered device; that is

data at its1 D input is transferred

to the Q output on the +ve .transition

of the clock. That is, put a 1 on

pin 12, clock the device and a 1 appears at pin 9i the Q output. SO,

in the present example, when there are no notes pressed, the data is low

when it is clocked, and so Q remains Low. But, when that data is high,

then Q goes high, therefore Q (pin 8) goes low and in doing so inhibits
E26 (**,5|6) the output of which thus remains high. The circuit has latched
up, and it will remain latched up until it is

released by a clearing pulse. Thuse, E25, Q9

goes high and remains there when it detects the f

first note. (See page 2, waveforms). Now,

E25f Q9 clocks the D types E16,17,18, which are
fed with the address code (A , AQ, B , DQf)»
So, as soon as the first note is detected, its

address is clocked into Ei6,17ti8 which act as

a one bit memory. At the end of one address

sweep (about 10Qu sec.) the D type E25 is unlatched by a negative going
pulse produced by differentiating the address bit DQ (23 pin 11) with
the CR network Ck.

m T*£ r of A

2)
J 7-

Thus, the D types E16, 17 f 18 form a short term memory that is

continually being updated (every 100-usec) as to highest key that is being :
selected. The output Pin 9 E25 is an excellent place to test the keyboard

to see if the multipexer for the KB and/or the address code is functioning.

I _Jl
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I
RANDOM FUNCTION This is the same touch sensitive detector as for the

KEYBOARD. However, as there is only one input, then no addressing is

required. A slow clock pulse generator is used, (5KHz, 60n sec. pulses).

1 A separatexoscillator, rather than

the address oscillator is used,

1 because:-

1. A long enough gap must be

1 provided to allow the floating gate

time to discharge.

1 2. If the address clock were to be

used, the Random would not be random;

I this is because the network has a

tendancy to select the largest clock

pulse and this means that particular

I notes occur more readily than others.
 8

1L
The operation is as follows. When a missing pulse is detected by

E25 pin 2, the Q* output goes low and so the cct folds over. The Q* is IL
connected to the set input of E25^ This will cause the Q output to go

high and in doing so it • records • an address. ( Any.address in fact; I

it depends upon when the Random is pressed ) • When the random is
released, the set input of E25 pin 10 returns to 1, and the circuit
I
operates as before. As the Q output E25 pin 6 can go low at anypoint
in time, then any note is selected, and hence the term •

N.B. The random function can generate errors;

random f.

this is a design error.

Pi.
R.
The errors can be generated by the random accidentally selecting

address code Binary 11111 ( i.e. 32 ). This is the f Skip f code, and
it will cause the meter to prematurely reset, and the memory to corrupt..

To demonstrate this phenonemum, try this test; Set the Sequencer clock i;
speed to about 3 to k on the knob, press record and then tap the random

pad. There is a 32:1 chance of generating the skip code, and this will

be detected by a premature reset of the meter.

DAC

The short term memory E16,17,18 feeds Q1 to 5 which forma DAC.

( Digital to Analogue Converter ) Slightly re-drawing the circuit, we
the following;

Inside the dotted box are 5

resifsttors and 5 switches. The

resistors are R**9 to R5^$ 1%
m.o. resistors. The switches

are Q1 to 5 and these are

controlled by th stored address

i
in E16, 17i 18.
When the address is 00000, all

the switches are off, and so

r
the circuit is just a simple

differential amplifier, and

the voltage at the output of

A1 is OV. When the switches

turn • ON f, the output goes

negative.
-v/a
OOCX3C-

o\P of A1
A r
r
 9

• NOTE Y/RT the short term memory E16,17,18. The lower half of E18
is different to the other 5 sections. This is-..the nkey^pressedff section.

It uses the clock line as its data input. This is because, when Q9, E25

is high, then a key is being pressed, and this is the data that it requires.

It is clocked by Do (known as 1^8, E26) at the end of an address sweep, and

so its Q output (i.e. 9i E18) is high when a key is pressed and low when no
key is pressed.

Note that the negative (1-0) transition of the Q output (8, E18) is
used to control the envelope trigger by turning transistor Q6 on when a key
isjpressed. The envelope trigger control pot is used to determine whether
the trigger is generated from the real time or recorded output.

DYNAMIC RESPONSE The crystal gives the K.B. a dynamic function, but this

is only employable in real time. That is, n£ information about the key

pressure is recorded. The crystal produces a click when the K.B, is fiit.

The network is a voltage follower with

a diode in the feedback loop. The

junction between the diode and the

capacitor tries to follow the 4Ye

voltage transient of the input and

decays slowly (due to the storage of

the capacitor^) after the signal has
ceased. This voltage is used to control one of the output channels on

a Synthi A.

RECORD, PLAY, CONTROL LOGIC Vnote RECORD AND PLAY are clocked from the

random clock gen.

The RECORD and PLAY pads operate in the same way as the Random touch

pad. However, the interconnection of E10 (1,2,3,4,5) with E10 (8,9,11,12,13)

and E10 with E18, provide a sequential mode of operation. That is:-

lltf
^3\ these two
sequences

permissible.
are

?Lki

Play-
 iL
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tt.fc.
G-
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L
S 1

I
10
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1. The record pad is pressed.

(2t E10) is high during the clock.

The data presented at the D input •

Therefore Q goes high, Q goes low.

t
This sets E10 (• a low on its set input) and so the D type is latched up,
and it will remain there until it is cleared. The Q pin 6 is also
L
connected to the clear of the lower E10 D type, but this has no effect as

the D type is already in its cleared mode,

L
2m When the keyboard is pressed the KEY\voltage (i.e. E18, 8) goes
low, and this clears E10 (2,3,^,516) •
control).
(The clear overides the set
The Q output (E10, 6) then goes highf whereas the lower D type
1
still remains unchanged. j.v

3« Play.is pressed. A logic high is presented to the D input (12, E10)

and so the Q goes low. However as there is no...

r
3a. latch up it returns to its high level as soon as the finger is released.

Note, that when at the record mode, the clear input (I3f E10) is low and so
the lower half of E10 is prevented from changing 6tate; that is, Record

Play does nothing. t

Control Loftic This is E6^ The logic sequence (Above ) is presented to
E6. The output sequence generated by E6 is as follows:- r
PIN RECOKD KEYBOARD PLAY

8 0 1 0 "+z^>~ no jump as above *

E6
11 0 0 1
c

i.
 11.

Lines A and B open and c^ose the sets of input/output gates.

Only one set of gates (A or B) is ever open.
When the logic level on A is high, gates connected to it are open.

When the logic level on A is lowf gates connected to it are closed.

fe Mc&e: Both swr* of CArcS AC£ ci*&&. Ciottc T* Shh^r A&'Sr&s is ^y H&T, iMrt< ftix* o's

l Mode. This is "record11 mode (confused?); data is accepted,

because A is high. The data is clocked into the shift register at a slower

rate, this rate being variable. If you are unlucky, you can overfill the

shift register, and the front of the data is merely lost out of the end

of the device.

Play. Data is replayed and recirculatedj' because line B is high. The

replay clock rate is also variable. When an unfi££ed part of the shift

register is detected a skip mode is implemented and the shift register skips

all the blank locations until it finds the 6tart of the data, which it then

plays at its slow rate. Pressing the play pad stops the shift clock from

operating in its Ifplayff mode and so pressing play whilst the machine is

replaying does two things:-

1. Effectively pauses the device

2. Upoh releasing finger, the sequence restarts (proceeded by a skip block),

If the shift register has been overfilled, then there are no^blank locations

and so when the play is pressed, the machine rapidly searches for an empty

location and cannot find one. The result is a buzz sound as all the data

rapidly recirculates. Also, as there are no blank locations, the machine

does not know where the sequence start is. Therefore overfilled sequences,
when replayed will start anywhere.
 12.

a
The memory is a 6 bit word, 256 bits long. 5 bits are used to
record the note selected. The sixth is used to trigger the envelope

trigger; that is if-the envelope trigger pot is in the right position.

SHIFT CLOCK/SKIP GENERATOR

E19, Q1*f, C6, R71f R70f R72, VR3 is the high speed skip generator.
It is a schmitt trigger oscillator. When C7 is operational the oscillator
" reverts to a low speed clock generator. In normal operation pin 8, E3 is
low, C7 is thus effective and so a slow clock is generated. (Normal

(I
operation is during the recording and playing back, and not the pressing

of those pads). . '

' In normal operation, the output of E2 is high (i.e. the input is

.not all Vs) and so is the input pin 9t E3* When RECORD is pressed,
'all the inputs to E2 are high, the output of E2 goes low, and sets the skip
oscillator into its skip mode, by making C7 ineffective. The 6hiftregister%
is thus filled with 0fs. Also, the two meterdivider circuits E20, E2*l are [{
reset to zero. * .

.• • When the KEYBOARD is pressed, the input gates to the shift registers

t are opened, and so the inputs to E2 change from all 1fs. to a mixture of 0fs

and ^vsi (Note an all 1fs condition cannot occur in normal operation).
The output of.E2 goes to 1. • Thus, the output pin 8 of E3 goes to 0, C7
is functional so the oscillator begins to clock in its slow mode. Also, the
i
reset on E2*f|- 20 is in its count mode, the clock being taken from E19 pin 8.
The output from E19f 8 is differentiated by Ci6f R68 to give a very shart
»

• . pulse, which appears at Q13fs collector, and

is used to drive all the shift registers.

»nW-
 When the PLAY pad is pressed. • Input pin 9, E3 goes low (but only
for the duration of the pressing of the pad); this causes the data to

rapidly recirculate (skip)f usually for one bit only (because E3f 8 is high).

E3, '9 is low. Hence.E19,6 is high.

E2, 8 is high.

. Nothing happens until an lfall low-state11 of the shift registers is '*

detected by E2.(*all 1's.as seen by E2). When this state is located,

E2 ,8 falls to 0, therefore.E3, 6 goes high, and in doing so resets E20,
E2*f. Also, there are now two highfs at the input to E3f"(i|2,3) and so E3, 3
goes low and in doing so disables E19 (8,9,10,12,13) the oscillator. If there
are no empty storage locations,the network just rapidly recirculates, and a

nbuzzrf is heard.

When the play pad is released, * pin 9i^3 goes high, however E3, 8 still
remains high; E19, 6 takes a short time to go low because of the effect of
Clyl • (This eliminates spurious effects when operating the play pad.)
When E19,6 goes low, E3, 3 goes high, thus enabling the clock oscillator.
The clock is in its high speed mode (skip) and so it races past all the unused
storage area and when it comes to the first piece of data, E2, 8 goes high,
the clock thus reverts to. its slow speed mode, and E2*f, E20 is set to its
count mode. Thus, the stored data is replayed, and when the end is reached

there is a rapid skip and the process repeats itself.

METER COUNTER

The clock is divded by + 16 twice, which' is 256, the length of the memory.
The 5 most significant bits are decoded in the meter DAC. This is E2*f

and the resistor network. The network is a "weighted/ladder11 - (a Cobkeral

special). ., • . . f .

yf

CAM
 L

v ANTl. LOG
MM 1
cw

MEMORY DAC

) The second DAC is a 5 bit

device with a 6th bit controlled

by.the transposition pad* The

"transposition pad11 bit is the

. same order of magnitude;- as the MSB r.

of the address bits.

The switches are transistors Q7 and Q8—Q12 and the operation is

similar to the real time DAC. Note, that the transposition acts only
oa the recorded output DACf but no record of transposition playing i6
stored in the memory. Transposition is real time only.

TRANSPOSITION.

. The transposition multiplexer operates in a similar manner to the two

other multiplexers. One difference.is a feed-back circuit E11 (8,12,11) I
that causes single events to be multiplied* Looking at E7', we have:-

L
t
 v ANTl.lJOC
JVWV-—i

The second DAC is a 5 bit

device with a 6th bit controlled

by the transposition pad. The

"transposition pad11 bit is the

same order of magnitude ■ as the MSB •

of the address bits.

The switches are transistors Q7 and Q8—Q12 and the operation is

similar to the real time DAC. Note, that the transposition acts only

on the recorded output DAC, but no record of transposition playing is

stored in the memory. Transposition is real time only.

TRANSPOSITION,

The transposition multiplexer operates in a similar manner to the two

other multiplexers. One difference is a feed-back circuit E11 (8,12,11)

that causes single events to be multiplied. Looking at E7, we have:-

 15.

Lo&d

The multiplexer is addressed in the

usual way, and is enabled and has the

same touch sensitivity as before*

When Eo is pressed, it is prevented from

going high, and so the output at W is

high for Eo.

therefore pressing Eo produces a 1 bit 'pulse at E11 pin &•

5" o]e -^

■5 I

Pressing the tone causes W to be high for E1« But the output Q of E11 is

fed back to E2« And so when E2 is addressed the output is again high but

stops when it gets.to E3# . ' ? v

•Notice E1*ff E15 are never low.

Now, the output from E11 pin 8 is used to oontrol the DAC on the recorded
output. # As the transposition signal is a mark/space ratio signal, then the

resultant product from the DAC must be smoothed out, this being accomplished

by C5. The transposition signal is used to control a logic switch of equal

status to the MSB of the 5 bit DAC.

 '•■• "7; :Vi 6,
The thirty notes available from the keyboard form 2-£ octaves, (i.e.^
12 notes per octave). Therefore 12 logic hit = 1 Octave ; : ; ;

or • - 1 semitone = 1 logic bit.

where 1 octave = 12 semitones.

The MSB of the address is equivalant to 16 logic bits. Therefore as

the transpose controls a switch of equal status to the MSB, then one bit

of the transpose signal = 1 semitone.

Therefore, pressing the ^ tone pad = 1 bit = 1 semitone,

pressing the tone pad = 2 bits = 2 semitones,

pressing the third pad = 4 bits = k semitones,

pressing the fifth pad = 7 bits •= 7 semitones,

that is, pressing the keyboard and the transposition-pad, tranposes

the note generated upwards by the respective amount.

* Example:- pressing the ^ tdne, third and fif£h will shift a note
up by one octave* (That is, if the keyboard has been

adjusted to 24- octaves)

1+^ + 7 = 12 semitones = 1 octave.

(* An octave - the ratio of two frequencies which are at frequencies of

F and 2F. F being arbitary).

APPENDIX
I
D type, used usually

as a one bit delay

etc Q
CLodC or an edge detector.

Logic data is presented to the D input. The data (0 or a 1) appears at the

Q output after the +ve edge of the clock -pulse, that is:-

data is transferred to the Q output on the +ve edge of the clock:-

Set - a 0 on the set puts Q to 1

Clear- a 0 on the clear puts Q to 0

set and clear are independant of the clock and overide the D input.

SCHMITT

The SN7*f13N looks like a k input AND, followed

by a schmitt trigger, followed by art. inverter*

The schmitt trigger

exhibits a phenomena
known as Hysterysis.

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 SERVICE MANUAL

Synthi A/VCS3

DK1/2 keyboard

KS sequencer

Compiled by Electronic Music Studios, Trendeal Vean Barn, Ladock, Truro TR2 4NW.

Telephone 0726-883265

We reserve the right to make changes in technical specification and design

in the interest of continuing improvement in performance.
CONTENTS:

Section 1 Synthi A/VCS3

Section 2 . KS keyboard

Section 3 DK1 and DK2 keyboard

NOTE:

Transistor types used in cur machines have varied from time to time.

The following types are the most widely used:

NPN sil BC 169C 2N 5172

PNP sil BC 258B 2N 4288

Fast NPN sil ME9002 2N 706

Fet 2N 5163

Fet 2N 5461

Diodes:

DK10 - small signal germanium

1N4148 - IN 914
 SYNTHI A ALIGNMENT

Synthi A Testing Manual Board

1. Power Supply A

2. Output Channels A

3. Reverberation A

4. Envelope Shaper B

5. Filter Oscillator B

6. Ring Modulator B

7. Input Channel Preamplifiers B

8. Oscillator 1 C

9. Oscillator 2 C

10, Oscillator 3 C

11, Noise Generator C

12, Meter Amplifier C

Board A ia on the left side as you look at the opened back of the machine.

Board B is in the middle, with Board C on the right.

SPECIFICATIONS

Power: 100-130V or 200-250V ac.

Stereophones level: 10V p.p max into 50 ohms

Scope output: 5V p.p max

Signal output: 2V p.p max into 600 ohms

Control output; 15V dc max into 10K ohm

Signal Input; ac - 1.8V p.p into 50K ohm. dc- 2.5V max into 50K ohm.

Microphone Input; 5raV into 600 ohms

Devices

Oscillator 1 Range: lHz-lOkHz (on dial)

Outputs: Sine 2V p.p (with shape control)

Sawtooth 2V p.p

Control Sensitivity; 0.32 Volts/Octave

Oscillator 2 . ' Range; lHz-lOkHz (on dial)

Outputs: TriangJLe/Sawtooth 3V p.p

Square/Pulse 2V p.p

Control sensitivity; 0.32 Volts/octave

Oscillator 3 Range: 0.02(40lfperiod) - 500Hz(on dial)

Outputs: Triangle/Sawtooth 3V p.p

Square/Pulse 2V p.p

Control Sensitivity: 0.26 Volts/octave

Noise Generator Level: 3V p.p white and coloured

Filter/Oscillator Range: 5Hz-10kHz (on dial)

Cut-off rate: 18 dB/Octave

Q: Variable up to 20
Frequency Control : 0.2Volts/0ctave

Ring Modulator Input level: 1.5V p.p max.

Output level: 6V p.p max.

Input rejection: -50 dB (with 1.5V p.p input)

Envelope Shaper Duration: Attack 2ms-ls
On 0-2.5s
Decay 3ms-15s
Off 10ms-5s (+Off position)

Trapezoid Output: ± 3V dc max.

Decay Control; 0.4 Volts/octave

Reverberation Max time: 2s

Output Level: 5V p.p

Mix VC : -2V for 0%, +2V for 100% mix

Joystick: Voltage Output: 2 x il.5V dc

Meter Input Control Voltage mode: ±1V dc

Signal mode: 4V p.p

Input Amplifiers Sensitivity: 1.8V for High Level Inputs

5mV for Microphone Inputs

Output Amplifiers Output level: 2V p.p into 500 ohm (panned)

10V p.p into 50..ohm (unpanned)

5V dc into 10K ohm (unpanned^

VC level: 15 dB/Volt
 I3FT

N
MAINS PLUG

V .
 4LL

MAINS POWEP PACK

Mains Voltacc

r°
SKI + I2v
power amps
f /to rever
thence to revere.

to power amps
and reverb.

I2v
regulailor

pbWeramps.

NOTE. When testing board A

by itself a 2OOn resistor
should be put across the
12v, -9v lines.

?'}
y level ccts.

Jevel.ccts.;a|r
L — — — — — -P- - -
WIRE LINK
GROUND BUS PC. BUS- AO.BOt
Power Supply

Before turning on, set PR1 cw and PR2 ccw with only A board plugged-in.

Set PR2 for +12V ± 0.1V

Set PR1 for -9V ± 0,1V

Check PR2 again and reset if necessary

N.B. -9V rail is parasitic on the +12V supply.

Plug in B and C cards and recheck +12V and -9V rails.

These should not have altered. If they have, suspect either B or C board cr

poor regulation on A board. Plug-ni keyboard as extra load. +12 and -9 Volt

rails should not have moved more than ^ 0.1V measured always on the A board.

( C board voltage may be 20 mV lower)

Monitor the rails on the scope (5raV/cm). Look for hum and noise. These

should be much less than 5mV. Noise, if present, will probably be due to

the zener diode.

Power supplies should stabilise on full load for specified fluctuations.

110/240 nominal : +10% or -23% *

110 nominal : 100V-135V for 125 sufficient

240 V nominal: 200V-260V

Hum can also be checked by the following:

Check Output Filters on 10

Output Controls on 10.0.10.10

Patchboard vacant

Monitor (5mV/cm) on signal output

Load unit with keyboard

100 Hz ripple as shown.

Noise can be seen which should never exceed lOmV p.p. Even with noise

level up. With noise level down, the noise on this waveform should be

quite low. Zener diode noise will be very obvious.

N.B. A2 normally gets hot, dodgy Dl gives large lOOHz ripple on Output.

Always clean edge-connectors and check clean presets on A board.

5mV ..
2mV typ.
 ALL 2m S\7Z

Ch_L Ch.2,
Tone Control F.E.TMod. Iw. Amplifier Tone Control F.E.T Mod. Iw. Amplifier.
control, voltaae summer. control. voltage summer

PBI7
 10

Output Channels

Set Output Channel Filters to 5.

Set Output Level row to 0.0.10.0 and connect traces of scope (5mV/cm)

to both signal outputs.

Connect full level ramp signal at 261 Hz from Oscillator 1 to both Outputs.

Trim PR4 and PR5 for minimum signal breakthrough. (Maximum 5mv p.p)

Replace presets if adjustment is erratic.

Reset Output Channel row controls to 5.0.10.5. Output levels should be

around IV p.p and should be within 20% of each other. Check signal tracking

in the same manner for Output settings 4 and 6 as well. If one level is

consistently high, pad out resistor across its control pot (R305 = 56K)

Successful tracking will depend on the characteristics of the pots and

the correct matching of the FETs Q14 £ Q18.

Connect the joystick row via two shorting pins to both VC level inputs.

Swing stick up and down to check for 20% level! tracking tolerance.(Level
pots should be at zero). Inaccuracies in stick tracking may be adjusted

by altering the value of R302 or R304 (10K) which are mounted under the

patchboard rear.

Check correct operation of Pan controls, which only affect the Signal

Outputs. Check also the Output Filters. Use noise as a gcod source.

Check for max. outputs on the Signal Output socket of at least 2.5V p.p

before the onset of clipping. Level controls should be at about 6. Check

headphone signal is good. Check for instability of Output Amps by driving

hard with low frequency. (Oscillator 3 square wave). The level control of

the channel NOT beirg driven should be on zero. Monitor the two signal

outputs. The undriven channel will show breakthrough. Plug in headphones

and check for oscillation. Reduce drive to Output Channel 2. Keep checking

for oscillation. Then repeat for other Output Channel.

N.B. DC offset across loudspeaker is 1.8V.± 10%.

 ■Hi-Zo drive amplifier. Pick-up amplifier & voltage controlled mixer.

+ I2v

c±3r a

R26 >R27>R29>R3I

REVERBERATION UNIT
 12

Reverberation

Set PR3 fully clockwise before operating. Feed large amplitude tone

bursts into reverb. Adjust PR3 so that the output is dry at Mix setting

of zero and reverberation progressively increases from setting of 2.

Maximum dryness on the Mix control should be no worse than that

obtained with the VC Mix input row on the patchboard grounded.

Check voltage control of Mix with the joystick.

Hold input amplitude constant and sweep frequency of tone. Check for

rattles, buzzes or abnormal resonances in the spring. Check spring is

correct way round. If Mix control is wrong change Q10.

N.B. Reverb amplifier should clip symmetrically.

 Anti-log decay Clar.pcd ip.-.zgrct:r for RC integrator for Hysteretic / Linear
control summer. attack & decay slope. on toff times. switch. / modulator.
!2v : +I2v

120K . 2K7
R154 R156

WfcsS
VRI0>4—'
5 t /:
 14

Envelope Shaper

Put scope on 2V/cm and connect to Trapezoid output. With envelope controls

at 0.0.0.0. Adjust PR12 so that frequency of trapezoid oscillation is

about 90% of the maximum possible frequency. Connect Filter output on

261 Hz (Frequency setting 5) with maximum output to Envelope Input.

Monitor Envelope output. Set PR13 clockwise.

Set envelope controls 0.0.0.10. Adjust PR7 for minimum signal. Adjust

PR13 until signal reappears, then back off slightly. Thsxfinalenvelope

shaper signal breakthrough should be 5 mV or less p.p- With the Attack

button pressed the output signal should be greater or the same as the

input signal.

Set controls 0.10.0.10. this gives maximum On time. Press Attack button

which should recycle the envelope shaper and lamp should come On, staying

on for about 5 seconds, (absolute minimum 4 seconds). This corresponds

to an automatic recycle On time of 2.5 seconds which is the minimum spec.

(On time is always shorter if recycled automatically). On time is cont

rolled by R148 in conjunction with Q45. « *

Set controls 0.0.10.5. Press Attack button and time the Decay time.

This should exceed 15 seconds, and the envelope shaper must automatically

recycle at the end of the decay.

Set controls 0.0.0.7 to 10. Envelope shaper must not recycle with the Off

time on 10, so check it doesn't on 7 or so, which will indicate the

behaviour on 10. Check input breakthrough at the same time, and adjust

PR7 again if necessary.

On and Off times are controlled by R148 (range 10-18K). If On time is

infinite at 10, reduce R148, if Off time infinite, increase R148. The

value of Vp for Q45 (3.5- 4.0 nominal) is critical. Failure here upsets

recycling. Also leaky C48 or dodgy envelope trigger components .

 AU. ■iS1": f

2.5-3.5
Anti-leg freq.control Ladder filter HEX. feedback control. Differential signal amplifier.
summer. Signal phase splitter.
+I2v

cs+S1 R78x
. \ IK8
/OKp1
021/1^)
2N4-2S0

?£q>: '

C 31

2MS|72.

R76 R79
(OK

* V ■ BI4I IB2O
d :- •„I : +I2V

PB24
 16

Filter/Oscillator

With Response on 10, level full and Frequency on 5, check for oscillation.

About 1.5V p.p should be obtained. The shape should be reasonably sinusoidal

especially when only just oscillating (on Response control).

Distortion should be eliminated either by diode bridging or by replacement

of offending diode. Bad diodes can be detected by applying the tip of

a soldering iron quickly to the diode body. Allow enough time for the

diode to cool down before moving on to the next one.

Response control should make the filter oscillate only above 5 for all

frequency settings. If this does not occur correctly, adjust R90 or suspect

wrong Vp FET. Frequency range on the Frequency knob should be roughly

lOHz to 12kHz. If oscillations stop at one extremity of Frequency pot

increase R75. Adjust PR6 for oscillation frequency of 261Hz with F on 5.

Noise level of Filter output signal with Response set below point of Osc

should be below 5mV p.p.

Check correct filtering using square wave input with swept F.

Intermittent noise: Try soldering iron tip on diodes.

R288 = 1 megohm stops Filter latching-up.

C44 R 112
10 W
 18

Ring Modulator

Use filter sinewave output, F on 5, Maximum response, maximum level

into both inputs of ring modulator. Ring Modulator level maximum.

Check output is double frequency of input, and at least as big.

Remove pin to Input B. Drive input A and adjust presets for minimum

breakthrough. (PR9 - second harmonic rejection, PR1O - fundamental

rejection).

Drive Input B by removing pin to Input A and reinserting pin for

input B. Trim presets for rejection. (PR8 - second harmonic, PR11

for fundamental). This one should NOT drift. Input A drifts quite

a bit and should ideally be adjusted with the back on the machine

after it has fully warmed-up. If this is not possible ensure that

Input B is used for the continuous signal to minimise breakthrough.

With an input level of 1.5V p.p up to lOnV p.p maximum is allowed

for breakthrough. This gives about 60 dB rejection.

If higher harmonics are a problem, then filterf signal must be too

impure. Try backing off response, or use an external signal generator.

1.5V p.p at 261 Hz.

If reasonable rejection is unobtainable, change matched pair BC169C

or TAB101 where appropriate. 2C746 used on later models. Do not bridge

with resistors. Replace presets if adjustment is erratic.

 '•'- L ..■ T-

CH.I. chit.
Hi gain Mic/operational amplifier. Hi gain Mic/operational amplifier.
.4-12 V I2v

r.

CH.I I/P CHJ CH.lt CH IT

 20

Input Channel Amplifiers'

High level Rs

Inverting Operational amplifier

Mlc
470 ohm source DC gain = Rf
impedance Rs

High level gain 2

0 VOLTS
Microphone gain 100

Using a signal generator check the two inputs for the expected gains.

This is best done by monitoring the control output with shorting pin.

High jevel gain can be checked by applying about 2V p.p and looking

for 4V at the output.

Low level (microphone) gain : 50mV should give 5V p.p.

Check for minimal DC offset by plugging input channel inot the meter

switched to Control Voltages, and then rotating the input level pot.

No more than ± y2 a division movement should occur, (approx 200mV).

Pay special attention to condition of pot tracks.

 •VI— .

log frequency Hystcstic sv/itch. Tnang to sine shap^r.

contro( sjmmer

R2O3/JQ72

D3O
\7DKIO

R187
IOK

O7O

R2OO
RI97 l5K

WVU
 22

Oscillator 1

The first operation is to adjust the shape of the sinewave, since the

adjustment affects frequency. Using the vernier control and PR15 if

necessary, obtain an output of 400Hz. Turn the ramp down and adjust

the sine shape control for the best sine shape. Trim PR17 to balance

out the spike on the peak of the sinewave. This may best be seen by

expanding the X and Y inputs on the scope.

NO GOOD BEST

The best position is shown, where the small spike is triangular and

balanced. A small thin spike may also appear but is not important.

Test the main shape control. A good sinewave should be acheived on 5.

(±V2 division). If further out, R197 or R201 raay.need to be adjusted.

Set PR16 halfway and leave it alone. Set frequency vernier dial to 6

and adjust PR15 for 261Hz. Rotate vernier to 8 and check for 2088Hz.

Absolute maziraum error ^ 1 division. For fudge procedure, see Osc 2

writeup.

Sine Output should be around 1.5V p.p

Ramp Output should be around 1.5V p.p

N.B. Ramp shape is not controllable.

Pitch characteristic is 0.32 Volts/Octave.

 ALL 2M5I71 r\i C .

Anti-log frequency Integrator. Hysteretic switch Square wave output.

[2v control summer. 33PF + I2v

P326

PR4
 24

Oscillator 2

Set square level to zero, ramp at maximum. Set PR20 halfway. Vernier on 6.

Trim PR19 for 261Hz. Increase vernier to 8. Check frequency is about 2088Hz.

If beyond spec then R291 SOT will have to be added in the range 8-22K.

Check that 10 on vernier dial gives at least 10kHz.

If vernier dial at 8 gives less than 2088Hz then sho^t circuit R291 and R213

will have to be reduced. These should be 2% resistors.

Shape controls should operate identically to those on Osc 3 (see next page)

except that levels are reduced, and the two outputs are summed into the

patchboard on Mark 11 machines. Remember to turn down unwanted signal.

Resistors R226 and R228 are the relevant ones to set the shape.

Pulse level should be 2V p.p. Ramp level should be 3.5V.

N.B. 0sc2 and 3 waveforms are not symmetrical with respect to zero volts.

Tracking

Mix Osc 1 and Osc 2 ramp outputs into Output Channel 1. Use PR20 only

to trim the tracking of Osc 1 and Osc 2. Using the joystick on max with

range control to limit frequency range. Set both verniers to 6 and tune

for zero beats. Advance the joystick range control which will increase

both frequencies until the beats begin. Trim PR20 to zero beats, and

remember which way you turned it. (N.B. The preset is a very fine adjust

ment, and when the tracking is nearly right it will be necessary to make

very very small movements). Having trimmed PR20, turn the range control

back to zero, readjust one of the verniers near 6 to give zero beats and

then advance range control of joystick to where it was before. If beats

are faster you know you turned tne preset the wrong way. Repeat procedure

until tracking goes to about* 2kHz. Ideally a test 'back1 should now be

fitted and a final adjustment made after another 10 minutes have elapsed.

F&ults

Tracking from 261Hz to about 2kHz should be achieved with a maximum of

3 beats per second on .the way. A curved Voltage/Frequency response may

occur where zero beats are produced in more than one place. This is due

to a mismatch in the matched pair transistors (Q74 & Q75 for Osc 2). Fit

a new transistor here or in Osc 1.

N.B. Always use specially matched 2K7 pins for tracking tests.
 r\ L - •• J> i ' -

•• Anti-log frequency Integrator. Hysterttic sv/itch D.C. shifter. Rcctifi-zr. Square wave output.
..•^control summer. *
+ !2v

SR273

Q94
2^5172

QIO5-: •■- •
2MSI72

R26
iD46 ID47
a .^3—J -»ui
E7K1 L 4

12K
R255
4K7
1K2. R25I R25
R249 5K6
26lfiR263 "1R265

P327
 26

Oscillator 3

Check frequency control pot for even change in frequency.

Adjust PR21 so that when the vernier is at 8 the frequency is 63Hz.

Note: Vernier 10 should give 500Hz. Period at 0 should be greater than 20 sec.

Adjust values of R261 £ R262 with pad resistors to achieve correct shapes

of waveforms as shown below:

6V p.p

Shape at 5

Shape at 0 Shape at 10

5V p.p

Triangle and square wave should occur on 5. Maximum of Vz division error

allowed.

Check Voltage control input.

Faults

Osc 3 breaks through to Osc 2 and to a lesser extent Osc 1. Effect dependent

on Osc 3 shape control setting. Triangle was 'furry1, with lOmHz oscillations

visible all over C board. Strongest near Q101. Cause: instability in Q99.

Q100, Q101. Cure, C70 330pF change to lnF.

Ramp defects Ramp defects Pulse defects at 0 and 1

 "• ^ NOw r C ■ o:v

NOISE GENEP.ATCP. METER AMPLIFIER.

+I2v Noise source. Arr.olificr. Ton? network. D.C. voltage follower Rectifier. I2v

Jon ZN5172.
' QI06

O f
CD
r

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T:]:::lr^A,F.s.oj.|:
 28

Noise Generator & Meter Amplifier

Colour control on 5, max output. Select a noise diode which gives

wideband noise and can be adjusted to give 3V p.p with PR22 roughly

midway (to give some later adjustment margin).

Lumpy or crackly sounding noise diodes should be rejected.

Meter

Check left hand zero of meter with machine off or switched to Signals.

Switch to Control Voltages and adjust PR14 for accurate centre zero.

Switch the meter switch a few times and recheck zero again.

Patch the joystick to Meter for swings in both + and - directions.

Check for needle sticking at either end of travel. Switch to Signals

and test with Osc 2 sawtooth at max level. Vary level to check proportionality.

Faults

Watch out for the resistor R170 on the C board, jwhich often touches the

-ve end of C76, and has been known to produce curious failures on soak

test.
 NorE ' Q14- c/Q IB *OR Vp <y

CM

5O V«»3 W

1 <^3 BO^P

—» •*•■ 6 8A. •! C"(

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 Diagram.
DYNAMIC KEY&OARD.
 NOibfc. (ifcNtHAIOR Mt I C.K AMKL.lt" ICK.
+I2v Noise_ source. Amplifier. Tone network. D.C. voltage follower. Rectifier. I2v O
y
in
m

o>

O
n

Ml
 AntMog frequency Integrator Hysteretic switch D.C. shifter Rectifier. Square wave output.
control summer. R25Q
+ I2v

96 >R256 JQ98 C
O
C7O r
r
>

X
p
rx

5
x
c
26nR263 *lR265

o
n
H

PbZ7 PB5
 AntMog frequency Integrator. Hysteretic switch D.C. shifter. Rectifier Square wave output.
+12v control summer.

(A
0»

<)
o
-9v
PB26 PB4 PB3
 Anti-log frequency Ramp integrator. Hysteretic switch. Triang to sine shaper.
,_ control summer
+I2v

RI89 ^RI94^JQ68 ^RI98

PB25 PB2
 criti. CHE.
Hi gan Mic/opcratk>nal amplifier. Hi gain Mic/operational amplifier.
4-I2V I2v

C55 SR 167
-S53 >RI6I Q56
1SK '5K

o
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RI59 RI6S
-V\A ■AAA-
\ar>KSL Jox>|t
<RI63 169
:1» <2.

Ov Ov

051 Q52 Q54 Q55

-C
<RI64 ,RI66
-9v
B5
\Qt
o

(>-
VR24
n
a
q SK^4 SK2/3 ^
o
PB9
6ooji_
 Double balanced modulator.
+ I2v

p
C44 R112
CD
ID—w O
>

CD

CA

3
PB22 PB13
 Ant Hog freq.control Ladder filter FEJ. feedback control. Differential signal amplifier.
-1-12
summer. Signal phase splitter.

m
XI

XI
o

CD

r
o

PBIO
 AntHog decay Clamped integrator for RC integrator for Hysteretic Linear
control summer. attack t decay slope. on « off times. switch. modulator.
+I2y + I2v

Ov

OD
<>-
StQNftU
S5

Tifi
7*&PSXD|$> _A/

VRV D3I
SK2/5
ON
PB26 PBII PB20 PBI2
 Hi-Zo drive amplifier. Pick-up amplifier « voltage controlled mixer. 73
•HIV m

m
XI

CI5 R32
\—Oh-w

O
CD

o
</>

fo
O
O A PB23 REVERBERATION UNIT 6PB29 APBI4
H
-9v
 Ch. I.
Tone Control RET Mod. Iw. Amplifier Tone Control F.E.I. Mod Iw.Amplifier,
control. voKqge summer control voltage summer. +1 Iv

1
C

r
3

P
r

<
i
r

C
c

i lo4 3
PBI9 PB3Z ^JIO
 -9v
~to power amps
thence to reverb.

to power amps
and reverb.

power amps,

reverb.
NOTE. When testing board V
r
by itself a 2OOn resistor t

should be put across the rx

+ I2vt -9v lines.
9
-9v
regulate:

to povi er amps
s v level ccts.

U)
v level ccts.
L
WIRE LINK
GROUND BUS PC.BUS-AO,BOtCO.
-^Tb—
K>

o
o
 55

Dynamic Keyboard - Setting-up procedure

Sst all knobs and presets halfway.

First set the keyboard zero volts at middle F sharp. Press middle F sharp

with scope on Pin 13 of keyboard circuit. Adjust PR3 for 0 Volts - 50 mV.

Check that top C gives 1.5V ± 200 mV

Check that bottom C gives -1.5V ± 200 mV

Check drift rate when key is released. Should be less than 100 mV per minute.

If greater suspect Q12. This should have a Vp of 2.5 - 3.0.

Keyboard Oscillator

Press middle F sharp. With VR1 (Frequency) at 5 and VR3 clockwise put scope

on live connection of jack socket 'Keyboard Modulator1. Adjust PR1 for

248 Hz at F sharp or 261 Hz for middle G.

If PR1 is off range clockwise then snip R9.

If PR1 is off range counterclockwise then reduce R9 value by half.

Hold down bottom C, and set VR2 (Tuning) to 5. Press C one octave higher.

Trim PR2 to get exactly an cctave higher than bottom C.

If PR2 is off range clockwise then snip Rll

If PR2 is off range counterclockv/ise suspect cirdu:Ft fault.

With Frequency at 0 press lowest note. Should be ..lower than 30 Hz.

With Frequency at 10 press highest note. Should be higher than 8 kHz.

Dynamic Voltage

Short across C9 and trim PR4 for +3V at Pin 12 on keyboard circuit.

DO NOT PRESS A KEY WITH SHORT IN PLACE.

Check for drift, which should be less than lOOmV in ten seconds.

Check that Dynamic Range has no effect on keyboard oscillator loudness

when turned to zero. If so re-adjust PR4.

Contact Displacement

Each note has two sets of contacts. One pair, that is not connected to the

resistors, must be adjusted to make about .03M after the other pair. With

practice it is possible to do this by eye using a fine pair of tweezers.

With VR1 and VR2 halfway, VR3 and VR4 fully clockwise and both switches up.

Monitor the signal output on a scope. Strike each note with a even force.

This should give about 10 dB less (Vz as much) than hitting it hard. Maximum

level should give about 2V p.p on the scope. Adjust the crooked member of

the late pair where necessary. Closing the gap makes the note louder. If
 56

Dynamic Keyboard - Contact displacement(continued)

visual alignment still gives performance inconsistencies this is almost

certainly due to contacts being dirty. This is a frequent source of problems

on the keyboard generally, giving swoops and dithering pitches at different

places on the keyboard. Use cotton buds and Isopropyl alcohol to carefully

wipe each surface of each contact. Extreme care must be taken not to disturb

the contact displacement, but this will restore precision to the keys. Never

use an abrasive substance on contacts since they are gold-plated. Blistered

plating means new contacts must be fitted.

Setting up DK2 keyboard

DK2 keyboards are duophonic, so that Channel 1 pitch voltage comes from

the lower note being played, with Channel 2 pitch voltage coming from the

upper note. This second upper note voltage is derived from the lower note

and PR6 needs to be adjusted to get the relationship right. Connect Channel

2 Voltage to control an oscillator with the Input Channel gain at maximum.

Hold down the bottom key with sellotape and play the top note. If the

oscillator pitch shifts adjust PR6 until there is no more movement.

Some keyboards were modified from DK1 (raonophonic) to DK2 bY the addition
of a small pc board under the main one. In these cases PR6 is the preset

on the small board.

 TOUCH KEYBOARD

FIRSTLY. The Touch Keyboard and address clock.

The address clock is an oscillator, E28 (Pins 1,2,*+,5*6), being a conventional

schraitt trigger oscillator,

OPERATION Pin 6 is high; D38t Vj are off, C1 and C1X charged

up by way of Pins 1,2,^,5 until upper threshold voltage (about

+1.7v) is reached, the schmitt then fires, Pin 6 goes low, D38f **3
turn on and discharges C1 and C1X until the lower threshold voltage

(about 0.9v) is reached. The schmitt then reverts back to its

original state etc.etc.

+3

m tt
• i K./^:^- -

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