Date: February 5,2021
INTERACTION
DESIGN
COURSEWORK
ASSIGNMENTS
2020-2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
o Definition
(Page no: 3)
o Background
(Page no: 3, 4)
o Communication in the Past
(Page no: 4, 5)
o Communication in the Present
(Page no: 6, 7)
o Communication in the Future
(Page no: 7, 8)
o Core Functionality and media
(Page no: 8, 9, 10 and 11)
o Conclusion
(Page no: 11, 12)
o References
(Page no: 12, 13)
Communication Technology
Definition:
The very first question emerges from our subject in our mind is that what communication
actually is "the imparting or sharing of data by speaking, writing, or using some other medium."
Communication is simply the act of transmitting information to another from one place,
individual or party. (At least) one sender, a message and a receiver are involved in any
communication.... That included our thoughts, the situation of culture, the medium used to
communicate, and even our location. Communications technology, also known as information
technology, refers to both information processing and networking devices and systems that are
used.
Background:
For about as long as humans been on this planet, we have developed ways of communication that
have continually changed how we communicate with each other, from smoke signals and
messenger pigeons to the telephone and email.
When the electric telegraph was invented, one of the greatest advances in communication came
in 1831. While the post existed before this date as a means of communication, it was electrical
engineering that had a groundbreaking effect in the 19th century.
Now, nearly all other modes of communication, especially in business, have been superseded by
digital methods. I can't remember the last time I wrote a letter by hand, rather than an email at
work, and even my signature these days is digital. It is also an uncommon thing to pick up the
phone, instead of FaceTime, Zoom while joining a Google Hangout.
When I think back at just how communication has evolved over the years, it's really very
unbelievable...
The history of communication will be addressed in this article, from letter writing to the
telegraph's invention. This article will also include a brief overview of the telegraph's inventors
and how the telegraph opened the way for many modes of communication. The invention of the
telegraph made it possible to send messages quicker and faster by translating messages through
cable lines. The invention of the telegraph, leads to the growth of many other means of
communication such as radio, emails, and television.
Communication in the Past:
Communication has always been a part of The
American culture; it has been the most important
part of social life for people. Over time, the
methods of communication have
changed according to the times, the living
conditions of people, and technological advances.
In the past, people used smoke signals as a means
of communication, but only a few clear
messages could be transmitted by smoke signals. Even though America changed and the
population increased, individuals needed to send longer messages and send them further away.
People have therefore substituted smoke signals for letter writing. People wrote letters separated
by distance to communicate with friends and family because it was the only way to communicate
long distance, at least before the telegraph inventory in the 19th century. The telegraph was
invented by a man named Samuel Morse, hence “Morse Code.”(NICK BILTON, 2013)
Samuel Morse was an artist and inventor, he developed the first successful electromagnetic
telegraph system. At Yale College, he studied both art and electricity, and pursued a career in art
after graduation. Samuel went to England to continue studying art, and he overheard two men
talking about electromagnets on his way. Charles Jackson, who also studied electricity, was one
of those men who told Morse that electrical impulses could be carried by long wires. (NICK
BILTON, 2013)
The first telegraph was invented in the late 1700′s and early 1800′s. The telegraph system was a
means of communication that transmitted electrical signals over wires to translate messages from
different locations. Claude Chapped invented the first telegraph in 1794, and, this telegraph was
not electronic, it was a "mobile arms semaphores, or high poles, and other signaling devices,
placed within physical sight of each other." Many others sought to reinvent and strengthen the
way telegraphs operated. Samuel Morse was the only one, however, who mastered it. Morse took
the significance of those facts found by previous inventors and invented a more practical and
commercial system. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
Three main sections of the telegraph were laid out by Morse: the sender, the receiver and the
code. The sender opened and closed the electric circuit, used the receiver, registered the signal
with the electromagnet, and converted the signals into letters and numbers with the code. In
1836, using cable lines across the Atlantic Ocean, Samuel Morse designed the first telegraph
system from Washington to Baltimore. He used "a set of signals in telegraph messages that could
represent language," also known as the "Morse Code." (NICK BILTON, 2013)
Within a decade, the nation had been reached by more than 20,000 miles of telegraph cables. For
other forms of rapid communication, the telegraph made it possible. The telegraph really
changed the world because the country was very far from other parts of the world before
telegraphs a small amount of awareness of national and foreign news was available to most of
the world. "The United States was linked to a global telecommunications network by the end of
the 1870s, which allowed communication to be relatively low-cost." The telegraph was truly
influential in the growth of communication. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
Communication in the Present:
The telegraph was the first major milestone in
the development of communication
technology because it led to many of the things we
use today and it’s similar to techniques we use
today. Expansion in this past technology has made it possible for many of the things we use
today, such as telephones, radio, cable television, Internet, and mobile phones. (NICK BILTON,
2013)
It was not long after the telegraph became a success before the next progression in technology
came along, the telephone. The telephone was used to transmit speech electronically. Like the
telegraph, the telephone was an also wire-based electrical system. The telephone used the same
cables that made the telegraph a success. Unfortunately, it failed because under-water cables did
not have a strong enough signal. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
However, there is one company that used the same technique but change the type of cables used,
that company was AT&T. These cables were made up of “several dozen steel wires, covered by
copper tubes, plastic jackets and armor,” allowing signals to go through and be transmitted.
(NICK BILTON, 2013)
This improvement in technology amplified the signals being transmitted and led to the telephone
system started in homes across the world, a pair of copper wires cables connecting from poles to
be transmitted into homes. Started by AT&T, which is still one of the most powerful
communication businesses around today. The technique that AT&T discovered also helped
develop cable television and helped launch the startup of cell phones. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
Today in the United States cable companies deliver cable to over 60 million homes. Like
telephone companies, cable companies also use very long cables to connect to television sets.
Cable companies use antenna amplifiers as a regular interval to boost signals to make channels
viewable. It was not long ago that this method changed and cable companies switched
from using antenna amplifiers to using digital boxes. This allowed a better picture quality and
less distortion. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
However, another company has definitely introduced many households to the future, fiber optics
cable. Verizon has a new way of watching television and it’s called, fiber optics. Fiber optics
networks carry laser light information signals, which moves as fast as the speed of light. It uses
“hundreds of hair-like strands of glass to send pulses of light to carry data.” This allows data to
be processed faster to your home televisions and computer. In today’s society people want any
and everything faster and with better quality. (NICK BILTO, 2013)
Whether it is a smart phone or android phone people want it to operate at a faster pace, because
communication in today’s society plays a major role in the public and private sphere. Nowadays
communication globally is at the tip of your fingers, literally. There are a lot of different forms of
technology that has made this possible from IPad, to Kindles, to the blackberry playbooks and
many more. Tablets, and wireless Internet has allowed many countries to communicate
instantaneously with the use of emails, text messaging, instant messages, and video chat. Modern
day technology keeps communication constant; it allows people to express themselves with a
click of a button. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
Communication in the Future:
However, the advancement in
technology like the Internet, computers and
tablets has changed the dynamics of the print
industry tremendously. Newspaper, Magazine,
and Book circulation is at its lowest, the print
industry is expected to lose 25% of its jobs
over the next few years. The print industry is
drastically declining because the Internet has
and continues to shape the way we communicate. The future of print is not very bright, in my
opinion I do not believe that print will be a part of the future because there will be no need for
anything printed. While the print industry is suffering it is predicted that applications like eBook,
iBook, and audiobook are expected to increase vastly. In a few years newspapers, books, and
advertisements will all be created and made only for online. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
Therefore, future technology should be more compatible with people’s needs; tablets should be
Nano sized, lite and slick, interactive, and portable. Users should be able to explore endless
possibilities from writing word documents to creating and designing websites. Future tablets
should be able to bend, fold, and roll while giving the user the experience of reading a book or a
magazine. Prospective tablets should allow users to browse the web, take pictures, upload, and
watch videos. Upcoming tablets should not take away people interacting with each other but it
should enhance people’s interaction globally. Upcoming tables should translate different
languages making it easy for users to communicate internationally.
The future holds a lot of promise for auto voice translating and interpreting, which will remove
any language barriers. The future progression in technology will change the dynamics of
communication all across the world, in the classroom, the workplace and in the public sphere. It
is unknown what the future may hold for the advancement communication technology, but it is
not far-fetched to say that we may one day be able to send emails with our own thoughts or
brainwaves where ever we are. (NICK BILTON, 2013)
Core Functionality and media:
The Telephone
Grads of Life BRANDVOICE | Paid Program
Tapping Into America's Best-Kept Future of Work Secret
Civic Nation BRANDVOICE | Paid Program
School Counselors Make a Difference through Hand and Heart
UNICEF USA BRANDVOICE | Paid Program
UNICEF Launches Online Tool Tracking COVID-19 Vaccine Market
In 1849, the telephone was invented and within 50 years it was an essential item for homes and
offices, but tethering impacted the flexibility and privacy of the device. Then, came the mobile
phone. In 1973, Motorola created a mobile phone which kick-started a chain of developments
that transformed communication forever. (Sol Roger, 2019)
The Internet
Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on communication, including
the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, discussion forums, blogs, and
social networking.
The internet has made communication easier and faster, it’s allowed us to stay in contact with
people regardless of time and location. It’s accelerated the pace of business and widened the
possibilities within the enterprise space. It’s allowed people to find their voice and express
themselves through social media, YouTube and memes. The internet has connected and divided
us like nothing before. (Sol Roger, 2019)
Email
As a byproduct of the World Wide Web, email was introduced to the world in 1991 (although it
had been operating years before) and it has vastly changed our lives—whether for better or
worse depends on your viewpoint. The first users of the messaging platform were educational
systems and the military who used email to exchange information. In 2018, there were more
than 3.8 billion email users—that’s more than half the planet. By 2022, it’s expected that we will
be sending 333 billion personal and business emails each day. (Sol Roger, 2019)
Wearable Technology
The first instance of wearable technology was a hands free mobile headset launched in 1999,
which became a piece of tech synonymous with city workers. It gave businesspeople the ability
to answer calls on the go, most importantly, while driving.
Ten years ago, the idea that you could make a video call from an item other than a phone would
have been a sci-fi dream. Now, with smartwatches, audio sunglasses, and other emerging
wearable technology, these capabilities are a part of our daily lives. (Sol Roger, 2019)
Virtual Reality (VR)
The next generation of VR has only been around since 2016, but it’s already shaking up
communications. The beauty of VR—presence—means you can connect to someone in the same
space at the same time, without the time sink and cost of travel, even if participants are on
different continents. (Sol Roger, 2019)
VR also helps to facilitate better communication. In a typical discussion, a lot of information is
non-verbal communication which can be transcribed in VR. Voice tone, hesitations, head and
hand movements greatly improve the understanding of the participants' emotions and intents.
Plus in VR, all distractions are removed and people can be fully focused on what is happening
around them. In fact, MeetinVR claims that there is a 25% increase in attention span when
meeting in virtual reality compared to video conferencing. (Sol Roger, 2019)
5G
5G, the 5th generation of mobile network, promises much faster data download and upload
speeds, wider coverage, and more stable connections. These benefits will bring about significant
improvements in communication. Instantaneous communication will be possible and those
patchy frustrating video calls will be a thing of the past. (Sol Roger, 2019)
The average 4G transmission speed currently available for our smartphones is around the 21
Mbps mark. 5G will be 100 to 1000 times faster. The Consumer Technology Association notes
that at this speed, you could download a two-hour movie in just 3.6 seconds, versus 6 minutes on
4G or 26 hours on 3G. The impact of 5G will go far beyond our smartphones as it will allow
millions of devices to be connected simultaneously. (Sol Roger, 2019)
Conclusion;
In this context, it is important also to mention the trends and preferences in the information
technology, for which Mauritzson & Nordmark (2004) show the interest of families to
incorporate these technologies without being tortuous. They seek easiness for handling, so time
and resources invested are minimized. A clear example is the electronic payments that have
taken more strength, bringing families to new consumer experiences
From then, the versatility of this technologies, have promote the ease of communication for
individuals with disabilities, as those persons with speech or hearing problems , this situation
promotes the social inclusion and the breakup of barriers to access communication and
socialization of a group of people. Likewise, the use of mobile phones and instant messaging are
excellent allies to stimulate interaction processes in different contexts
Associated with this situation, have emerge new tendencies associated to the use of ICT, as
telework, an opportunity that new technologies afford to work from home , beneficiating those
people in particular conditions that require a work connection or employability, as in the case of
parents with little children and even population with disabilities. These situations have
configured new ways of working, because is possible to be realized from home in an easy way,
on account of the diversity of electronic devices and connectivity dimensions according to Leung
On the other hand, the use of new information technologies has enabled people greater access to
information, enabling them to be informed, updated in more general topics related to culture.
This is further corroborated with the information found in the literature, where most of people
say that speed to get information, followed by 24- hour availability (66.9 %) and the amount and
variety of information are the most that they like in the network Also, is noteworthy how the
student participants suggest that these tools have increased opportunities to study, making it
possible to acquire new skills and knowledge, for example through tutorials. Furthermore, ICT
has assumed a major role in virtual education, which have facilitated the teaching and have given
people an alternative to interact with academic communities in other regions of the world
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