Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Reinforced Concrete Design – I

(CE 320)

By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali

Civil Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
drqaisarali@uetpeshawar.edu.pk

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Course Contents

Mid Term Course

Lecture
Topic
No.
1 Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Design

2 Design of Singly Reinforced Beam for Flexure

3 Design of Doubly Reinforced Beam for Flexure

4 Design of T-Beam and L-Beam Section for Flexure (Single and Two Span
Beam)

5 Design and Detailing for Bond, Anchorage, Development Length, Laps and
Splices

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Course Contents

Final Term Course

Lecture
Topic
No.
6 Design of Reinforced Beam for Shear

7 Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs

8 Design of Reinforced Concrete Column.

9 Design of Isolated Column Footing

10 Serviceability Criteria of the ACI Code for Deflection and Crack Width

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 3

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Grading Policy

 Midterm = 25 %

 Final Term = 50 %

 Session Performance = 25 %

 Assignments = 10 % (4 Assignments)

 Quizzes = 15 % (4 Quizzes)

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Lectures Availability

 All lectures and related material will be available on

the website:

www.drqaisarali.com

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 5

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Lecture 01

Introduction to Reinforced
Concrete Design

By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali

Civil Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
drqaisarali@uetpeshawar.edu.pk

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Topics Addressed

 General

 Properties of concrete

 Properties of steel

 Codes and the ACI Code

 Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 7

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Objective of the Course

 Humans need construction of civil structures such as

buildings, bridges and dams etc. to fulfill their various needs.

 An Engineering design would ensure that these structures

are built safe and economical.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Objective of the Course

 Materials such as stones, bricks, timber, steel and concrete

are generally used to construct these structures.

 In this course, however we will study some basic concepts of

the design of Buildings (bridges, dams etc. will not be
discussed) made of reinforced concrete.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 9

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Reinforced Concrete

 The concrete in which steel is used as reinforcement for

enhancing primarily the tensile strength of concrete
members.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Buildings

 Most common building types

according to how the loads are
transmitted to the ground

 Frame System

 Load bearing wall system

 Mixed System

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 11

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Buildings

 Frame System

 A reinforced concrete frame building generally consist of slabs,

beams and columns.

 The loads from roof/floor slabs are transmitted to the foundation

either directly through columns or through beams to the
columns.

 The reinforced concrete design is done component by

component such that slabs beams and columns are separately
designed.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Buildings

 Load Bearing Wall System

 In such buildings loads from roof slab are directly transmitted to

foundation through walls.

 Mixed System

 It is the combination of frame and load bearing wall systems.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 13

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Loads Effects on the building

 Loads on buildings induces one or more of the following

effects (stresses)

 Axial (Compressive and Tensile)

 Flexure

 Shear

 Torsion

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

General

 Structural Design
 The structure must be designed to withstand all these effects
without undesirable consequences.

 In order to learn the design of reinforced concrete buildings,

following must be studied:

 Properties of concrete and reinforcing steel,

 Building codes used for design of reinforced concrete

 Mechanics of reinforced concrete

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 15

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 Compressive Strength
 The uniaxial compressive strength is measured by a compression
test of a standard test cylinder. This test is used to monitor the
concrete strength for quality control or acceptance purposes.

 The specified compressive strength is measured by compression

tests on 6 by 12 inches cylinders, tested after 28 days of moist
curing (testing methods: ASTM Standards C31 and C39).

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 Mechanical Properties

 Compressive Strength

 Stress Strain Curve

Load
Stress

Strain
Typical concrete stress strain
curves in compression
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 17

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 Tensile Strength

 Varies between 8% and 15% of the compressive strength.

 The type of test that is used to determine the tensile

strength has a strong effect on the value that is obtained.

 Two types of tests are widely used:

 Modulus of Rupture (Flexural Test)

 Split Cylinder Test

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 Tensile Strength

 Modulus of Rupture (Flexural Test)

 ASTM C 78 – Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of

Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

 ASTM C 293 – Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength

of Concrete (Using Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)

 The beams are 6 in. x 6 in. x 30 in. long

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 19

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 Tensile Strength

 Modulus of Rupture (Flexural Test)

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 Tensile Strength

 Split Cylinder Test: The requirements of ASTM C 496 are

used to conduct a split cylinder test on 6 in. x 12 in. cylinder.

Tension Compression P

=


Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 21

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 Relationship Between Compressive and Tensile

Strengths

 Tensile strength increases with an increase in compressive

strength.

 Ratio of tensile strength to compressive strength decreases

as the compression strength increases.

 ′

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 ASTM Specifications

 ASTM A 615, Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-

Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 23

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Concrete

 General Stress-Strain Curve

fs = fy
fs = Eses

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Reinforcing Steels

 Strength & Stress-Strain Curve for different Steel

Grades

Steel Minimum Yield Ultimate Strength

Grade Stress, fy (ksi) (ksi)

40 40 70
50 50 80
60 60 90
75 75 100

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 25

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Properties of Reinforcing Steels

 Physical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars

Bar Designation Diameter (in.) Area (in2) Weight (lb/ft)

#3 0.375 0.11 0.376
#4 0.500 0.20 0.668
#5 0.625 0.31 1.043
#6 0.750 0.44 1.502
#7 0.875 0.60 2.044
#8 1.000 0.79 2.670
#9 1.128 1.00 3.400
#10 1.270 1.27 4.303
#11 1.410 1.56 5.313
#14 1.693 2.25 7.650
#18 2.257 4.00 13.600

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 26

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 Introduction
 A code is a set of technical specifications and standards that
controls the important details of design and construction. The
purpose of code is to produce sound structures so that public will be
protected from poor and inadequate design and construction.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 27

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 General Building Codes

 Cover all aspects of building design and construction from
architecture to structural to mechanical and electrical. UBC, IBC
and Euro-code are general building codes.

 Seismic Codes
 Cover only seismic provisions of buildings such as SEAOC and
NEHRP of USA, BCP-SP 07 of Pakistan.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 Material Specific Codes

 Cover design and construction of structures using a specific material
or type of structure such as ACI, AISC, AASHTO etc.

 Others such as ASCE

 Cover minimum design load requirement, Minimum Design Loads
for Buildings and other Structures (ASCE7-02).

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 29

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 The ACI 318 Code

 The American Concrete Institute “Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14),” referred to as the ACI code,
provides minimum requirements for structural concrete design or
construction.

 The term “structural concrete” is used to refer to all plain or

reinforced concrete used for structural purposes.

 Prestressed concrete is included under the definition of reinforced

concrete.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 The ACI MCP

 ACI MCP (American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice)
contains 150 ACI committee reports; revised every three years.

 ACI 318: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.

 ACI 315: The ACI Detailing Manual.

 ACI 349: Code Requirement for Nuclear Safety Related Concrete

Structures.

 Many others.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 31

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 Design Loads in the ACI code

 ACI 318 building code recommends the design loads specified by
ASCE7.

 These loads include dead loads, live loads and others.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 Design Loads in the ACI code

 Dead Loads

 These loads do not change in time and space.

 Live Loads

 Chiefly consists of occupancy loads in the building.

 ASCE7 specifies live load magnitudes for various occupancy or uses.

 Other loads

 include earthquake loads, wind loads, snow loads etc.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 33

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 Minimum Uniformly Distributed Live Loads in the

ACI code

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Building Codes and the ACI Code

 FOS in ACI Design procedure

 The factor of safety in design is ensured by amplifying the
applied loads on the structure and reducing the material
strength.

 We know that, Capacity / Demand = FOS; FOS > 1.0

 According to Strength Design Method;

Capacity = Demand; where < 1, and >1

Capacity / Demand = /

 FOS = /

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 35

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete

 Mechanics
 Mechanics is both quantitative and qualitative.

 Qualitative mechanics deals with the nature of the effect (stress).

 Quantitative mechanics deals with the formulation obtained using

the established laws for instance equilibrium.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete

 Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete

 The formulation of design equations for axial, flexure, shear and
torsional stresses is based on the mechanics of reinforced
concrete and will be taught in these respective topics.

 The mechanics of reinforced concrete for flexure will be

discussed in detail in the next week lecture.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I 37

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

References

 Design of Concrete Structures 14th / 15th edition by

Nilson, Darwin and Dolan.

 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete

(ACI 318-14)

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