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Classroom Lecture for

Steam Turbine Generator Excitation System,

Auxiliary System

presented by Toshiba

The information in these documents and the

contents attached hereto contain confidential and
proprietary natures, and shall not be used for any
other purposes than for ITM internal nor
disclosed to any third parties.

Copyright 2011, Toshiba Corporation.

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CONTENTS
1. OUTLINE OF GENERATOR CONTROL SYSTEM
2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION OF AVR CUBICLE
3. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION OF FCB CUBICLE AND
THYRISTOR RECTIFIER CUBICLE
4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION OF GACP
5. EXCITATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

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1. Outline of
Generator Control System

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Generator Control Function

No. Function Location

1 Excitation Control AVR

2 Generator Auxiliaries Control GACP

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1-1 Purpose of Excitation control

・Generator terminal voltage control → AVR／MEC

・Generator VAR control → AQR

・System stability improvement → PSS

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1-2 Basic function of Excitation control

・AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator)
→Generator Terminal Voltage Control (90R)

・MEC (Manual Excitation Control)

→ Generator Field Current Control (70R)
This function is provided for test purpose only

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1-3 System configuration of Excitation control

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1-4 Detailed description of Excitation control function

Functions Description
AVR To adjust the generator terminal voltage
(Automatic Voltage Regulator) fitting into set value (90R).
MEC To adjust the generator field current fitting
(Manual Excitation Controller) into set value(70R).
OEL Limiting function that prevents the
(Over Excitation Limiter) generator rotor from over excited.
VPFL Limiting function that prevents the
(V/F Limiter) generator armature and the generator
transformer’s core from over excited.
UEL Limiting function that prevents the
(Under excitation limit) generator from under excited.
AFU To make 90R of the standby system
(Automatic Follow-up of 90R) following that of working system.
AQR To adjust the generator reactive power
(Automatic reactive power Regulator) fitting into set value
PSS
To add a stabilizing signal to AVR.
(Power System Stabilizer)

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1-4-1 Block diagram of AVR and Limiting Functions

OEL
+ OUTPUT V/F
90R OUTPUT
－ High 15 DEGREE
value －
－ (1+TA1*S) (1+TA3*S)
GENERATOR gate KA1 THYRISTOR GATE
TERMINAL VOLTAGE + CONTROL SIGNAL
(1+TA2*S) (1+TA4*S)
+
135 DEGREE
PSS
OUTPUT

UEL
OUTPUT

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1-4-2 Block diagram of MEC

15 DEGREE

+ (1+TM1*S)
70R KMA THYRISTOR GATE
(1+TM2*S) CONTROL SIGNAL
－
135 DEGREE

GENERATOR
FIELD CURRENT

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1-4-3 Block diagram of OED & OEL

0.35 PU
(1+TO1*S)
Reference - OEL
KA1
of OEL (1+TO2*S) OUTPUT
+ 0 PU
OEL
OPERATE

OEDT
IF T>=
IF-OED
Field
current OEPT OEP
T>=
OPERATE
IF-OEP

IF OEPT
t= OEDT
IF －OEP t=
IF － OED

OED=1.05

Ref of OEL =0.98

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1-4-4 Block diagram of VPFL

0.35 PU
(1+TV1・S)
Reference - V/F
KA1
of V/F (1+TV2・S) OUTPUT
+ 0 PU
V/F
OPERATE

V/FDT
V/F T>=
V/F-V/FD

V/F

t = V/FDT / (V/F-1.05)

V/FD=1.05

Ref of V/F =1.00

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1-4-5 Block diagram of UEL

0.35 PU
Vg -a1*Vg+b1*Ip (1+TU1*S)
+ UEL
HVG KU
Ip -a2*Vg+b2*Ip (1+TU2*S) OUTPUT
-
-0.35 PU

Iq

Iq

–a1･Vg+b1･Ip

Ip

–a2･Vg+b2･Ip

y2 b2=y2/x2
–a2
x2
y1 b1=y1/x1
–a1 x1

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1-4-6 Block diagram of AQR

GENERATOR + + AQR
× DB
ACTIVE POWER OUTPUT
+
- (90R DRIVE)
55R SETTING

57R SETTING
GENERATOR
REACTIVE POWER

Iq

y
x
a b=y/x

Ip

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1-4-7 Block diagram of PSS

0.1 PU
Power TP・S (1+TP1*S) (1+TP3*S) (1+TP5*S) -
KP PSS
(1+TP*S) (1+TP2*S) (1+TP4*S) (1+TP6*S) OUTPUT
+ -0.1 PU

OPTION

Frequency TF*S (1+TF1*S) (1+TF3*S) (1+TF5*S)

KP
(1+TF*S) (1+TF2*S) (1+TF4*S) (1+TF6*S)

Wash-out function Phase adjustable amplifier

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2. Hardware Description of
AVR CUBICLE

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2-1 Outline of Excitation Control System

AVR CUBICLE GACP
VT *A
Excitation OPS
CT
Controller - A Gen. Auxiliary Controller
VT *B
Excitation
Controller - B

PWU(A) *A

*B
PWU(B)

DC
AC

EX-TR

THYRISTOR RECTIFIER
FCB CUBICLE 2CT CUBICLE
N-1 PULSE
AMPLIFIER
31E
FCB
GEN Field
flashing
P Discharge
S register
SH
64F

Station battery

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2-2 Excitation Controller’s Printed Circuit Boards

Arrangement

Description

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2-2-1 CPU card (CPUX01G001)

“ The information contained herein is confidential and proprietary. Under copyright laws , this manual cannot be reproduced in any form
without the prior written permission of TOSHIBA.”
Copyright 2011, Toshiba Corporation.
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2-2-2 Ethernet card (ETMX01G001)

“ The information contained herein is confidential and proprietary. Under copyright laws , this manual cannot be reproduced in any form
without the prior written permission of TOSHIBA.”
Copyright 2011, Toshiba Corporation.
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2-2-3 System bus control card (COMW01G021)

LED Description of LEDs

RUN : Lights while microprocessor is operating
ERR : Lights when errors occur
CH 0 ONLINE 0 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 0
CONNECTOR ONLINE 1 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 1
ONLINE 2 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 2
CH 1
CONNECTOR ONLINE 3 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 3

CH 2
CONNECTOR

CH 3
CONNECTOR

“ The information contained herein is confidential and proprietary. Under copyright laws , this manual cannot be reproduced in any form
without the prior written permission of TOSHIBA.”
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2-2-4 Digital input card (DICW01G021)

SW

These LEDs
indicate
each channel
DI status

CONNECTOR

CONNECTOR

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2-2-5 Digital output card (DOCW01G021)

SW

These LEDs
indicate
each channel
DO status

CONNECTOR

CONNECTOR

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3. Hardware Description of
FCB Cubicle and Thyristor
Rectifier Cubicle

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3-1 Outline of Excitation Control System

AVR Cubicle GACP
VT *A
Excitation
CT OPS
Controller - A Gen. Auxiliary Controller
VT *B
Excitation
Controller - B

PWU(A) *A

*B
PWU(B
)
DC
AC

EX-TR

2CT THYRISTOR Rectifier

FCB Cubicle Cubicle
N-1 PULSE
AMPLIFIER
31E
FCB
GEN Field
flashing
P Discharge
S register
SH
64F

Station battery

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3-2-1 Arrangement of FCB Cubicle

FIELD CIRCUIT
BREAKER
(41E)

GROUND RELAY
(64F)

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3-2-2 Circuit configuration of FCB Cubicle

41E

FROM BATTERY

64F

31E
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3-3-1 Arrangement of Thyristor Rectifier Cubicle

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4. Hardware Description of
GACP

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4-1 Control Functions of GACP

1. Generator Auxiliary Control

Monitoring (indication & alarms) of Hydrogen gas control system,
seal oil control system and stator water cooling system and operation
of those system

2. Automatic start sequential

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4-2 Outline of Excitation Control System

AVR Cubicle GACP
VT *A
Excitation OPS
CT
Controller - A Gen. Auxiliary Controller
VT *B
Excitation
Controller - B

PWU(A) *A

*B
PWU(B
)
DC
AC

EX-TR

THYRISTOR RECTIFIER
2CT
FCB Cubicle CUBICLE
N-1 PULSE
AMPLIFIER
31E
FCB
GEN Field
flashing
P Discharge
S register
SH
64F

Station battery

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4-2-1 Arrangement of GACP

AVR GACP(1) GACP(2) POWER SUPPLY UNIT- A/B
FOR GEN. AUXILIARY CONTROLER-A/B.

SC SYSTEM CONTROLLER
PERFORMS THE AUXILIARY CONTROL.

SC SYSTEM CONTROLLER - PIO

PERFORMS THE SIGNAL
INPUT/OUTPUT.

POWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT INCLUDE

MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER.

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4-2-2 Gen. Auxiliary Controller’s PCB

OPS

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4-3 PCB Overview

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4-3-1 CPU card for the system controller (CPUX01G001)

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4-3-2 Ethernet card (ETMX01G001)

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4-3-3 Device-net interface card (LBIW01W01G021)

TOSHIBA
LBIW01-01 Description of LEDs
LED ○ RUN
○ ERR
○ ONLINE RUN : Lights while microprocessor is operating
○ N-ERR
ERR : Lights when errors occur
ONLINE : Lights when device network is normal
N-ERR : Lights when device network is abnormal

ＣＨ０

Connector
for Device-Net

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4-3-4 System bus control card (COMW01G02)

LED Description of LEDs

RUN : Lights while microprocessor is operating
ERR : Lights when errors occur
CH 0 ONLINE 0 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 0
CONNECTOR ONLINE 1 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 1
ONLINE 2 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 2
CH 1
CONNECTOR ONLINE 3 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 3

CH 2
CONNECTOR

CH 3
CONNECTOR

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4-3-5 Input / Output buffer card (IOBW01G021)

Description of LEDs
RUN : Lights while board is operating
ERROR : Lights when errors occur
ONLINE : Lights when channel A is communicating
LED PRM : Lights when channel A is primary

LED PIO board state display

1 to 18 : Light when PIO board in corresponding slot is
in maintenance or error state

CHA
CONNECTOR

CHB
CONNECTOR

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4-3-6 Analog input card (AICW01G022)

SW

CONNECTOR

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4-3-7 Digital input card (DICW01G021)

SW

These LEDs
indicate
each channel
DO status

CONNECTOR

CONNECTOR

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4-3-8 Digital output card (DOCW01G021)

SW

These LEDs
indicate
each channel
DO status

CONNECTOR

CONNECTOR

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4-3-9 Modem interface card (MIFW01G021)

Description of LEDs
RUN : Lights while microprocessor is operating
ERR : Lights when errors occur
ONLINE 0 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 0
ONLINE 1 : Lights during data transmission/reception on CH 1
ＬＩＮＫ : Lights when RS-232C is connectedRS-232C is connected
SD : Lights when data transmission of RS-232C
RD : Lights when data reception of RS-232C

RUN : Normal operation

STOP : Operation stopped

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EXCITATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

5 EXCITATION SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE

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EXCITATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

5-1 INSPECTION ITEM

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EXCITATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

5-2 PERIODICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS

No. Parts name Replacement interval Replacement method

1 Electrolytic capacitor for About 5-7 years One set of power
the control power (Actual interval may vary depending unit should be
on the service temperature) replaced.

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5-3TROUBLE SHOOTING(1/2)
Failure item Contents of failure Result Necessary steps
LOSS OF EXC-□ The output of the Excitation The excitation controller in question ・Check the input/output voltage of the failed
POWER controller power unit has is removed from service and is power unit and investigate the cause of failure.
SOURCE dropped. automatically switched over to the ・When the power unit is faulty, replace it.
stand by system.
EXC -□ CPU The CPU card of Excitation The excitation controller in question ・Check the CPU card in question.
FAULT controller has detected is removed from service and is ・ If the CPU card is faulty, replace it.
anomaly. automatically switched over to the
stand by system.
EXC -□ PIO Anomaly is found in PIO The excitation controller in question ・Check the input/output characteristic of the
BNORMAL card. is removed from service and is PIO card in question and investigate the cause of
switched over to the stand by failure.
system. ・When the PIO card is faulty, replace it.
□–VT FUSE VT input voltage fall is The excitation controller in ・Retrieve the transient records of the master
BLOWN detected. question is removed from ・controllers investigate the cause of trouble.
service and is switched over to
the stand by system.
□–OVER Generator over excitation is The excitation controller in question ・Retrieve the transient records of the master
EXCITATION detected. is removed from service and is controllers of both systems and investigate the
switched over to the standby cause of trouble.
system. .

□–PLA FAULT Output pulse from the pulse The excitation controller in question ・Check the input/output characteristic of the
generator is open. is removed from service and is phase control card and the pulse amplifier unit,
switched over to the standby and investigate the cause of trouble.
system. ・If the phase control card or the pulse amplifier is
faulty, replace it.

□：Ａ or Ｂ

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5-3 TROUBLE SHOOTING(2/2)

Failure item Contents of failure Result Necessary steps
THY COOLING When the field circuit breaker This results in 86E. When the ・Check the thyristor cooling fan and the power
FAN BOTH TRIP was closed, both groups of generator circuit breaker is closed, supply circuit (C/C).
thyristor cooling fans stopped this fault results in 86G
and 15 seconds passed after
stopping.
PLA POWER Voltage drop is detected in This results in 86E. When the ・Check the input/output voltage of the failed
FAILURE the pulse amplifier in generator circuit breaker is closed, power unit and investigate the cause of trouble.
question. this fault results in 86G trip. ・When the power unit is faulty, replace it.

□：Ａ or Ｂ

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5-4 REPAIR/REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE(1/2)

Cards with None of Switch

Cards in this category include: Replacement procedure
CPUX01 card (1)Turn off power for the controller.
(2)If there are connectors on the front of the card, remove all
ETMX01 card
the connectors.
COMW01 card (3)Remove setscrews on the card.
LIBW01 card (4)Remove the card by pulling both white levers at the top and
IOBW01 card bottom of the card.
(5)Insert the normal card by pushing white levers at the top and
DADC02 card bottom of the card.
DPHC06 card (6)Tighten the setscrews on the card.
CPUX02 card (7)Mount all the connectors that were removed at step (2).
(8)Turn on power of the controller.

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5-4 REPAIR/REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE(2/2)

Cards with Maintenance Switch

Cards in this category include: Replacement procedure
AICW01 card (1)Turn off the Maintenance switch on the front of the card.
(2)Remove all the connectors from the front of the card.
AOGW01 card
(3)Remove set screws of the card.
DICW01 card (4)Remove the card by pulling both white levers at the top and
DOCW01 card bottom of the card.
MIFW01 card (5)Insert the normal card by pushing white levers at the top and
bottom of the card.
(6)Tighten the setscrews on the card.
(7)Mount all the connectors that were removed at step (2).
(8)Turn on the Maintenance switch.

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END

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