Chapter 3 Graphing Linear Equations and Functions
3.1 Plot Points in a Coordinate Plane
You divide the coordinate plane into four regions called quadrants象限, labeled I II III
and IV
origin (0,0)
The x-coordinate of a point is sometimes called the abscissa /æbˈsɪsə/ 横坐标
The y-coordinate of a point is sometimes called the ordinate /ˈɔːrdɪnət/ 纵坐标
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3.2 Graph Linear Equation
Linear Equation
A linear equation is an equation whose graph is a line,
the standard form of a linear equation is Ax + Bx = C
Where A, B, and C are real numbers and A and B are not both zero
Equations of Horizontal and Vertical Lines
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Graphing Linear Equations
Identify Discrete and Continuous Function
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3.3 Graph Using Intercepts
Two convenient points are the points where the graph crosses the axes.
An x-intercept of a graph is the x-coordinate of a point where the graph crosses the
x-axis.
A y-intercept of a graph is the y-coordinate of a point where the graph crosses the
x-axis.
To find the x-intercept of the graph of a linear equation, find the value of x when y=0
To find the y-intercept of the graph of a linear equation, find the value of y when x=0
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3.4 Find Slope and Rate of Change
The slope of a nonvertical line is the ratio of the vertical change（the rise）to the
horizontal change (the run) between any two points on the line.
The slope of a line is represented by the letter m.
ps: x1 角标读法， x sub 1
A negative rate of change indicates a decrease
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3.5 Graph Using Slope-Intercept Form 斜截式
Slope-Intercept Form
How the slope and y-intercept of the graph of a linear equation in the form y=mx+b are
related to the equation.
Solve Linear Equation by Graphing
3.6 Model Direct Variation
Two variables x and y shoe direct variation provide y = ax and a≠ 0
The nonzero number a is called the constant of variation, and y is said to vary directly
with x
The equation y= 5x is an example of direct variation, and the constant of variation is 5.
The equation y= 5+x is not an example of direct variation.
Direct variation Graphs
Notice that a direct variation equation, y= ax, is a linear equation in slope-intercept form
y= mx+b, with m=a and b=0
The graph is a direct variation equation is a line with a slope of a and a y-intercept of
0. so, the line passes through the origin. 正比例函数
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Ratios
The direct variation equation y= ax can be rewritten as y/x = a for x ≠ 0
So, in a direct variation, the ratio of y to x is constant for all nonzero data pairs(x,y)
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3.7 Graph Linear Functions
You can name a function by f, you can write it using function notation
f(x)= mx+b
The symbol f(x) is another name for y and is read as “the value of f at x” or simply as “f
of x ”
It does not mean f times x. You can use letters other than f, such as g or h, to name
functions.
Domain and Range
Because the domain refers to the set of possible input values, the domain of a graph
consists of all the input values shown on the x-axis.
The range is the set of possible output values, which are shown on the y-axis.
The domain of a function consists of the values of x for which the function is defined.
The range consists of the values of f(x) where x is in the domain of the function.
The graph of a function f is the set of all points (x, f(x) )
Families of functions
A family of functions is a group of functions with similar characteristics.
For example, functions that have the form f(x) = mx+ b constitute the family of linear
functions.
Parent linear function f(x)= x
The parent linear function is also called the identity function,
the most basic function = parent function
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Linear Equation Standard Forms
