!
" # "
L T 1 S Y S T E M S
-
L T I stands for L i n e a r T i m e I n va r i a n t
Discrete systems
When w e have a discrete L T I system..
xqnz-EI-xlkt.HN y En]
→
ylnztlxsist-TEIKJ.sk-kJ) = ?
p
N o w, w e k n o w t h a t t h e system i s L I N E A R and
x k ] stands for t h e concrete v a l u e t h a t t h e signal
× E n ] t a k e s i n n k × [k] i s
= a constant value
¥ Éi -
itis time inva
¡s
y En] =
"ant y
/
hlnJ-ICONVOLUT-
y = É. la] hin-KI
.
= × En] *
Beinght.nlimpulse the response o f the L M System
Á . LT # n ]
Linear Systems Notes 1 de 10
Convolution
XD} ¡1
O's
Given x l : n J - o . i n
O I
And the system:
← ahqns-tlnsttln-IJ-idln-y.li]
y a ] will b e :
ylnfxl.nl#hlnJ--E.ElkJ.hln-kJ-
yfnJ=xIoJ.hEn-0Ji-xliJ.hn-1]
I s
-
o b.v n ] A 1
ó n u I d
A
w i n
1.
O 1 2 3
• is • is
A
cis.sn
YEN] • 1
'
O 2 3
Linear Systems Notes 2 de 10
! ! ❤
Example graphic mode
Kris
→
Mn] • 3
HA A
÷.it#::ylnJ=E.axlkJ-
Fiona
>
2 ••
hln-kJ--xlnJ M i s *
E ) Calculate reflection of h a ] → HEM
2M) t i m e s h i f t H E i n no H i t s lhttk.no/l.With-xnoeao
3 " ) Multiply e a c h × [ k ] w i t h HECK-no)].
4th) S a m the values
5 ¥ ) Repeat 2 " t o 4th step value of
fo r every n o
htt. calculating h t K I
After
qq.ytf.pk •
•
eo
w e
n
time
from-in
shift i t varying
t o a o , and
multiplying i t s values
lo m n I I fo r e a c h position w i t h
n a ×E n ] values a t t h e s a m e
Linear Systems Notes position 3 de 10
n+1 L O n a - 1
!☺ Xk]. Min-K] 0
M t 1 = 0 n = - f :
s' l l
| l -
ii.it/i
i i . I I-I . i r.
µ. •
1 1
ii.
O 2 G
¡3-2-1 1 3 4 S
YGJ-IEXKJ.hln-KJ.hftk-nh.la
'
p l ,
l i
l
.
na-l'pff' l l o ' t
,
l YEA 1.1= ba
p
n =-1: 1
'
1 k
-
3) - 2 - l O p' 2 3 4 - I
= -
n+1-00
l - -
n
- l a
l l l l
-1.2*2.1=4
l a l l n--0:
Ylo]
N O
qq.tl/qq-ako-
¡jiji,,
i . • •
p
q
ioopntt-lqn--On.-q8
"*.is/n=1.-
l l
| l l a
l
¡ftp.j:,
l " " '" "
'
'
- 3 - 2 lo- l O l 2 3 4 1
n t r a n ° 1 - 1 aos
|
+
|
f
' l l
l l
n .-
¡i /.'
2.to/fakz-
il,
. .
ido
' •
il, ni:X"! KE I
Linear Systems Notes - n H = 3 n = 2 - 1 4 de 10
3
iii. I i i :
1
1
1 °
1
/ 1
-9-90,232951
l l l
l ' YGJ-IIxlri.hn-K]
p p
A I r =3: Y -1.0+2-ft-13-1+1.2=3
KHAN] |
/
l l i l
)
/
qj-afs.gov
' as
I
n = 3
l 'p • 1 1
f -
, b n
|
p-ll h t t # n = 3 - 3
| 1 1
/
/
•
!!!
| ¡ l l ref: YUJI-0+2.0+3.tl/tt-l---2
'pff'
j a to,sar
'
n-_4
| a n t i - S - s nj - 4 -sl . d zr
|
| p Zoo '
n-siYGI.tt?Ot3.OHtH-tn--sfgq-aIIkgd-
|
,
/ / t o á
n
ntl-6-sn-5-l-jifnssxlkJ.hu-KIO
l l l l-loo 1 1
-
8 - casi
En]
Joining all results:
.jp#I.o..
y
-399-10123146-1-0"
- 2
Linear Systems Notes 5 de 10
!" !
Continuous systems. Convolution
Https
-
...,
f u e define
s.HHEIEI.se
axttt-ljqoEIxlk.rs) SH-KA)A
xlH-f.a.TK)
A -n o SH-a) d e
yltt.TL/?Hstt-
Htt →
zldB--fEElzIsH-
z)dzf--
xkl.THH-4dr
=L,
T E D
y A ) * htt)
Linear Systems Notes 6 de 10
! " ! ! !!!
a
vs
YA
-
Htt-_htt) = a l t ) -alt-T)
0 T
Xk)A
t i . ¿
1
T
1
H A Y1
↳
1
11
1
t i o xtttxahlH.no
µ],
¡
-
l e
'oetet-syltt-fxkl.tn/t-z)dz-hH-H
l
l
' o
torcida.ie/oEt--I-Dz
t
1
|
µ I
I
E T I t
☹ ar
" " I I T a t a 2 T YA)
4.
htt-Adra
I I
*
Linear Systems Notes
/ E T t 7 de 10
! !
"ME:*.io
-
H t t p. i
E T t
y A) =
¢-12 i f
0
t
if t i o
0 E t E T
T ¥ rt
YA A
t 2 T
Linear Systems Notes 8 de 10
Properties of convolution:
Convolution with H t t .
× Ht * H t t H t t =
× A ) * Ht-to) x = H-to)
Commutative property:
x A ) * htt) = H t t * Htt
Associative property..
[Ht * http * h t t ) = xtttxfh.tt#hdtD
Distributive property:
Htt* fin Ht t h a t AHHH * KHANH * HA
More properties:
× Ht * htt) =
y A) HA * htt) y ft) =
(a-Htt)* h t t ) = H t t * l a h t t ) a H H * htt))
=
× Htt h Ht y H t
= × It-to)A-h H t t , ) =
y A -totti)
A l l the properties apply also for the discretearon
Linear Systems Notes 9 de 10
R e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n system properties a n d LT I
Memory: An LT I system will have n o memory if:
hlnt-k.gs/htH=k.sttt
Invertibility..
Http WAI
→
Al
inverse system
htt) * htt) = SA)
M M * hin] = J I M
Causality.. A n LT I system w i l l b e causal if:
Htt fo r t L O
has = O
for < O n
Stability: An LT I system w i l l be stable i f
[hlttdtc.a-
m?EhlnJL ~
A tod
Y A)
s e a = *
Linear Systems Notes 10 de 10
