What is homogeneous distributed database?
Answer: In a homogeneous database, all different sites store database identically.
The operating system, database management system and the data structures
used – all are same at all sites. Hence, they’re easy to manage.
What is heterogeneous distributed database?
Answer: In a heterogeneous distributed database, different sites can use different
schema and software that can lead to problems in query processing and transactions.
Also, a particular site might be completely unaware of the other sites.
What is diff. b/w Distributed file systems and distributed database?
Answer: Distributed file system:A distributed file system (DFS) is a file system
with data stored on a server. The data is accessed and processed as if it was
stored on the
local client machine. The DFS makes it convenient to share information and files
among users on a network in a controlled and authorized way.
Distributed Database:A distributed database (DDB) is a collection of multiple,
logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. A distributed
database management system (D–DBMS) is the software that manages the DDB and
provides an access mechanism that makes this distribution transparent to the users.
What is Dataware housing?
Answer: A data warehouse is a relational database that is designed for query and
analysis rather than for transaction processing. It usually contains historical
data derived
from transaction data, but it can include data from other sources.
List down some advantages of DDBMS?
Answer: Reflects organizational structure
Improved ability to share and local autonomy
Improved availability
Improved reliability
Improved performance
Waht is distributive database fragment and write down its types?
Fragmentation is the task of dividing a table into a set of smaller tables. The
subsets of the table are called fragments.
Fragmentation can be of three types: horizontal, vertical, and hybrid.
What is DDBMS Functions?
Provide the user interface--needed for location transparency
Locate the data--directs queries to proper site(s)
Process queries--local, remote, compound (global)
Provide network-wide concurrency control and recovery procedures
Provide data translation in heterogeneous systems
What are disadvantages of distributed database management system?
Answer: following are some disadvantages
1.Increased Cost
2.Integrity control more difficult,
3.Lack of standards,
4.Database design more complex.
5. Complexity of management and control.
What is Hybrid Fragmentation?
Answer:Hybrid fragmentation is a combination of horizontal and vertical
fragmentation. It is the most flexible fragmentation technique
since it generates fragments with minimal external information.
What are homogenous and heterogeneous database?
Answer:These are the two main classifications of DDBMS. In homogeneous DDBSs, the
data is distributed but all servers run the same DBMS software.
In Heterogeneous DDBSs, dissimilar sites run under the control of different DBMSs.
Write the advantages and disadvantages of data Replication?
Answer: Advantages of data replication:
1). Reliability
2). Quicker Response
3). Simpler Transaction
4). Reduction in Network
Disadvantages of data replication:
1). Increased Storage Requirements
2). Increased Cost and Complexity of Data Updating
3). Undesirable Application – Database coupling
Define fragmentation.
Answer:Fragmentation is the task of dividing a table into a set of smaller tables.
The subsets of the table are called fragments. Fragmentation can be of three types:
horizontal, vertical, and hybrid.
Define Fragmentation?
ANSWER :The process of dividing the database into a smaller multiple parts is
called as fragmentation.
Briefly explain ddbms?
Answer: A distributed database is basically a database that is
not limited to one system, it is spread over different sites, i.e, on multiple
computers
or over a network of computers.
Explain tyoes of ddbms?
Answer:
1. Homogeneous Database:
In a homogeneous database, all different sites store database identically.
2. Heterogeneous Database:
In a heterogeneous distributed database, different sites can use different schema
and software that can lead to problems in query processing
and transactions.What is the primary advantage of using a distributed database?
Answer:The primary advantage of distributed database systems is the ability to
share and access data in a reliable and efficient manner. Data sharing and
Distributed Control: If a number of different sites are connected to each other,
then a user at one site may be able to access data that is available at another
site.
Which two are benefits of distributed systems?
Answer: So nodes can easily share data with other nodes. More nodes can easily be
added to the distributed system i.e. it can be scaled as required. Failure of one
node does not lead to the failure of the entire distributed system. Other nodes can
still communicate with each other.
Write down the premises of distributed DBMS?
Answer:Premises of distributed DBMS are
Transparent management of distributed,fragmented, and replicated data
Improved reliability/availability through distributedtransactions
Improved performance
Easier and more economical system expansion.
What is fragmentation?
Answer:The process of dividing the database into a smaller multiple parts is called
as fragmentation.
These fragments may be stored at different locations.
What is a transaction in distributed DBMS?
Answer:A program that includes a collection of database operations which are
executed as a logical unit of processing the data is known as a transaction. In a
transaction
one or more of the data operations are performed such as insert, update, delete or
retrieve. All this process is automated and if performed, is performed in
completion or is not at all performed.
What is meant by deadlock?
Deadlock is an unwanted condition where two or more processes waits indefinitely
for the other process to free up their resources so that they can complete their
work.
Define Database Reliability?
Answer:Database reliability is defined broadly to mean that the database performs
consistently without causing problems. More specifically, it means that there is
accuracy
and consistency of data.
What is Vertical Fragmentation?
Answer:In vertical fragmentation, the fields or columns of a table are grouped into
fragments. In order to maintain reconstructiveness, each fragment should contain
the
primary key field(s) of the table. Vertical fragmentation can be used to enforce
privacy of data.
What is horizontal Fragmentation?
Answer:Horizontal fragmentation groups the tuples of a table in accordance to
values of one or more fields. Horizontal fragmentation should also confirm to the
rule of
reconstructiveness. Each horizontal fragment must have all columns of the original
base table.
Why distributed database are essential?
ANSWER : Because distributed database store data across multiple computer
,distributed
database may improve performance at end user worksites by allowing transactions
to be processed on many machines ,instead of being limited to one.
What is distributed Database?
ANSWER : A distributed database is a database that consists of two or more files
located in
different sites either on the same network ot on entirely different networks.
Define replication?
Answer: Creating a copy of existing data or table is called replication. It
increases availability at the cost of redundancy.
What is DDBMS?
Answer: A distributed database is a database that consists of two or more files
located in different sites either on the same network or on entirely different
networks. Portions of the database are stored in multiple physical locations and
processing is distributed among multiple database nodes.
What are the advantages of distributed databases?
Answer: There are many advantages to using distributed databases.
Distributed databases are capable of modular development, meaning that systems can
be expanded by adding new computers and local data to the new site and
connecting them to the distributed system without interruption.
What is Relational algebra?
Relational algebra consists of a set of operators that operate on
relations. Each
operator takes one or two relations as operands and produces
a result relation,
