UNIVERSITY OF SULAIMANI
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EN 5302 REINFORCED CONCRETE
CHAPTER 7
TWO-WAY SLABS
Sardar R. Mohammad Amir M. Salih Jaza H. Muhammad
MSc Structural Engineering MSc Structural Engineering MSc Structural Engineering
2018-2019 ©
Draft Edition
16 – 01 – 2019
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CHAPTER 7 DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS
Introduction
When the slab is supported on all four sides and the length is less than twice
the width, the slab will deflect in two directions, and the loads on the slab are
transferred to all four supports. This slab is referred to as a two-way slab.
The bending moments and deflections in such slabs are less than those in
one-way slabs; thus, the same slab can carry more load when supported on
four sides.
The load in this case is carried in two directions, and the bending moment in
each direction is much less than the bending moment in the slab if the load
were carried in one direction only. [5]
Types of Two-way slabs
Two-way solid slabs
Two-way ribbed slab
Flat Slabs
Flat Plates
Composite and non-composite Slabs
Voided Slabs
Others
Methods of Analysis and Design
Slab system shall be permitted to be designed by any procedure satisfying
equilibrium and geometrical compatibility, provided that design strength at every
section is at least equal to required strength, and all serviceability requirements
are satisfied. [8]
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Direct Design Method (DDM)
Equivalent Frame Method (EFM)
Strip Method
Coefficient Method (the main topic of this chapter)
Yield Line Theory and others
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 169
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 170
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Minimum Reinforcement in Slabs
Maximum Spacing of Reinforcing Bars
Maximum Spacing is the lesser of:
Critical Sections: 2h and 450 mm
Other Sections: 3h and 450 mm
Minimum Slab Thickness – Two-way slabs with beams [8]
For nonprestressed slabs with beams spanning between supports on all
sides, overall slab thickness h shall satisfy the limits in Table 8.3.1.2, unless
the calculated deflection limits of 8.3.2 (ACI318M-14) are satisfied.
The minimum slab thicknesses by this method are independent of loading
and concrete modulus of elasticity, both of which have significant effects on
deflections.
These minimum thicknesses are not applicable to slabs with unusually heavy
superimposed sustained loads or for concrete with modulus of elasticity
significantly lower than that of ordinary normal-weight concrete. Deflections
should be calculated for such situations.
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 171
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Table 8.3.1.2 of (ACI318M-14)
Notes
At discontinuous edges of slabs conforming to 8.3.1.2, an edge beam with
αf ≥ 0.80 shall be provided, or the minimum thickness required by (b) or (d)
of Table 8.3.1.2 shall be increased by at least 10 percent in the panel with
a discontinuous edge.
The thickness of a concrete floor finish shall be permitted to be included
in h if it is placed monolithically with the floor slab, or if the floor finish is
designed to be composite with the floor slab in accordance with 16.4
(ACI3318M-14).
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 172
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Reinforcement and Effective Depth
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 173
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Slabs without Interior Beams – Minimum Thickness
(ACI318M-14 8.3.1.1)
EXTRA NOTES
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 174
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Relative Stiffness of Beams to Slabs
𝑬𝒄,𝒃 𝑰𝒃 𝑰𝒃
𝜶𝒇 = ; ∵ 𝑰𝒇 𝑬𝒄,𝒃 = 𝑬𝒄,𝒔 → 𝜶𝒇 =
𝑬𝒄,𝒔 𝑰𝒔 𝑰𝒔
𝜶𝒇𝒎 = 𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝜶𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃 − 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔
Example – Thickness of Two-way Slabs
For the slab panel shown below, compute the slab thickness according to
ACI318M-14.
GIVEN
Width of Beams: 300mm
Total depth of Beams: 400mm
Fy = 420 MPa
SOLUTION
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 175
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 176
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 177
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
COEFFICIENT METHOD FOR SLAB DESIGN
These coefficients (as shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 in the next
pages) are based on elastic analysis but also account for inelastic
redistribution.
Included for the first time in 1963 ACI code.
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 178
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Table 1
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 179
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Table 2
Table 3
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 180
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
7.11.1 Example 2
Design the corner slab ( S1 ) for the given loading and data.
Given:
𝒇𝒄 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 , 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 , 𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑳𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔 ∶ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒙 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔 ∶ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒙 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝜶𝒇𝒎 > 𝟐. 𝟎 .
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 181
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Solution:
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 182
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 183
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 184
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 185
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 186
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
7.11.2 Example 3
Design the corner slab ( Slab 1 ) for the given loading and data.
Given:
𝒇𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂 , 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 , 𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑳𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒅𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟑. 𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔 ∶ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒙 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔 ∶ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒙 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝜶𝒇𝒎 > 𝟐. 𝟎 .
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 187
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
SOLUTION
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 188
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 189
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 190
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 191
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 192
REINFORCED CONCRETE 2018 - DRAFT
Homework
References
[1] J. K. Wight and J. G. MacGregore, Reinforced Concrete, Mechanics and
Design, 6th ed. 2012.
[2] C. V. R. Murty, R. Goswami, A. R. Vijayanarayanan, and V. V. Mehta,
Some Concepts in Earthquake Behavior of Buildings. .
[3] A. O. Aghayer and G. F. Limrunner, Reinforced Concrete Design, 8th ed.,
vol. 1. 2015.
[4] C. D. Buckner, Concrete Design, Second Edition. .
[5] D. N. Y. Abboushi, Reinforced Concrete, vol. 1–2. 2014.
[6] R. H. B. Jack C. McCormac, Design of Reinforced Concrete. 2014.
[7] A. H. Nilson, D. Darwin, and C. W. Dolan, Design of Concrete Structures,
14th ed. 2010.
[8] ACI Committee 318, Aci 318M-14. 2014.
[9] M. N. Hassoun and A. Al-Manaseer, Structural Concrete Theory and
Design, 6th ed. .
[10] Subramanian, Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures. 2013.
[11] A. M. Ibrahim, M. S. Mahmood, and Q. W. Ahmed, Design of Reinforced
Concrete Structures, First. Baghdad, 2011.
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 193
