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DEFINITION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Knowledge is a fluid mix of contextual information, values, experience and rules
Knowledge Management is systematically & actively managing and leveraging stores of
knowledge in an organization. Organizational learning mechanisms Processes to create, gather,
store, maintain, and disseminate knowledge.
Knowledge Management can be defined as a systematic discipline of policies, processes and
activities which empower organization to apply knowledge to improve effectiveness, innovation
and quality.
Effective Knowledge Management means that an organization or network of partners (actors)
gets the right information to the right person at the right time in a user friendly and accessible
manner so that they can perform their jobs efficiently.
Knowledge Management is defined as the creation, organization, sharing and use of
knowledge for development results.
KM comprises all possible human and technology oriented interventions and measures which
are suited to optimize the production, reproduction, utilization and logistics of knowledge in an
organization.
GENESIS OF KNOWLEDGE
Peter Ducker also defines “knowledge” is the capacity for effective action, clearly distinguishing
it from data and information.”
1. Knowledge is created by Human beings
2. Human needs and motivation leads to create a new knowledge
3. Everybody is Knowledge Worker
4. People to choose to their knowledge
5. Knowledge Management is not about Technology
6. Knowledge is born in Chaotic (State of being confused) Process.
DIMENSION OF KNOWLEDGE
According to Engel (1997) identifies four different dimensions of knowledge
First Knowledge can be seen as Cognition to perceive;
Second Knowledge is practical, intrinsically woven in daily practical life.
Third Knowledge can be perceived as a property of the individual, experience, observation and
reasoning
Fourth Knowledge is socially constructed, embedded in the social dynamics of organization,
community or group.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
TACIT AND EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
TACIT/IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE:
_ Skill or capability derived from knowledge and experience.
_Tacit knowledge resides in the mind of the individual.
_Tacit knowledge is more difficult to articulate or write down with formal language.
Tacit Knowledge is personal knowledge embedded in individual experience and involves
intangible factors such as personal belief, perspective and values.
Tacit knowledge can be communicated into words, models or numbers that can be understand
EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
EK can be recorded digitally in documents, records, patents and other intellectual property
artifacts.
EK can be manipulated within the digital domain, can be articulated into formal language,
words, numbers can be processed by a computer, transmitted electronically or stored in
databases.
Knowledge can be expressed, articulated easily in words or numbers, and stored in databases.
Eg.Telephone Directory, an instruction manual, Report of research findings.
EK can be categorized as either Structured (Documents, databases) or Unstructured (e-mails,
images, training courses and audio & video that can't be retrieved
The Old Pyramid
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Information that changes something or somebody— becoming grounds for action by making an
individual, or institution capable of different, more effective action Drucker, The New Realities
A few Foundation Principles and Building Concepts
Knowledge Influences Success
Knowledge Resides in the Heads of People
Two Types of Knowledge
Codified
Personalized
• Knowledge Sharing Requires a Conduit to Happen Systemically
• Technology is the conduit
• Knowledge Sharing Requires Trust
• KM embraces both the Knowledge Based organization and the Learning Organization
• KM has planned architectural frameworks
Knowledge Originates and Resides in the Heads of People.
Two Types of Knowledge
Explicit – knowledge: that is codified, recorded, or actualized into some form outside of
the head.
Books, periodicals, journals, maps, photographs, audio-recordings
Webpages, websites, portals
Tacit – Knowledge from experience and insight, not in a recorded form, but in our
heads, intuition
Intellectual capital - Doesn’t mean much unless packaged in useful ways
Technology and global environment is redefining “useful ways”
Technology Enables New Knowledge Behaviors
Technology shapes how we live (radio, television, computer, biotechnology)
Pushes KM, doesn’t drive it
Facilitates flow of knowledge
One look, one feels
Easy access
Easy dissemination (push-pull)
Different storage (from paper to digits.
Knowledge sharing and transfer requires trust
Trust is hard to build in cyberspace
Trust usually requires initial face-to-face
Sharing must be open and reciprocal
Based upon a commonality
Time to do so
Social identity in cyberspace
Shift from Managing Stocks of Stuff to Managing Flows of Knowledge
Librarians use to managing stuff
Books
Magazines
Cassettes
Administrators use to managing stuff
Buildings and furniture, land
People
Money
Automators use to Managing Stuff
Computers
Fiber optics
Bandwidth
Knowledge Work Activities
1. Acquire
2. Analyze
3. Organize
4. Codify
5. Communicate
6. Utilize
7. Result
What is knowledge management?
Knowledge management (KM) is an effort to increase useful knowledge within the organization.
Ways to do this include encouraging communication, offering opportunities to learn, and
promoting the sharing of appropriate knowledge artifacts.
“The creation and subsequent management of an environment which encourages knowledge to
be created, shared, learnt, enhanced, and organized for the benefit of the organization and its
customers.
