MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
WEST BENGAL

FACULTY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE

MSC FORENSIC SCIENCE–2020-21

INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT ON
INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE AND
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTE

TOPIC: BRANCHES, DIVISION OF

FORENSIC SCIENCE AND OTHER
INSTITUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH IT

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Rakesh Pandey Ms. Janyabi Pandit,
1st Semester Faculty of Forensic Science
2020-21

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 INTRODUCTION
Branches of forensic science deals with the scientific methods and procedures to
investigate the crimes. To investigate the crime in effective way, separate
branches of forensic science has been formed for speedy trial and to provide
justice.

BARNCHES OF FORENSIC SCIENCE

Branches of Forensic Science are as follows:

1. Forensic Serology: The study of viscera and various body fluids.

2. Forensic Toxicology: The study of poisons and drugs.

3. Forensic Odontology: The study of dental sciences with Forensic aspect.

4. Cyber Forensics: The branch mainly dealing with the cybercrimes and
online frauds etc.

5. Forensic Biology: The study of plants and pollens.

6. Forensic Physics: The study of buildings and such branch dealing with the
measurements.

7. Forensic Chemistry: This branch deals with all the tests to detect the
presence of various chemicals.

8. Forensic entomology: Science dealing with the study of insects and flies
to know the time since death.

9. Forensic medicine: Science dealing with the post-mortem examination of

the dead body.

10. Forensic engineering: Dealing to find the reason for building and bridges
collapse and similar things.

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11. Forensic ballistics: The study of arms and ammunition for the purpose of
court of law.

12. Forensic fingerprints: Branch dealing with the study of fingerprints for
the judicial purpose.

13. Forensic Document Examination: Science to resolve cases of disputed

wills and official papers.
14. Computational forensics. Computational science to study and solve problems of various fields of
forensic science.
15. Digital forensics. It specialises in recovering data from electronic and digital media.
16. Forensic accounting. It examines and studies evidence related to accountancy.
17. Forensic anthropology. It refers to application of anthropology and osteology to determine facts
involving a human body in advanced stage of decomposition.
18. Forensic archaeology. This field of forensic science employs archaeological methods.
19. Forensic astronomy. Application of celestial constellations to solve problems relevant to law is
relatively rare. It is most often used to solve historical problems.
20. Forensic Ballistics-Forensic Ballistics involves the analysis of any evidence related to firearms (bullets,
bullet marks, shell casings, gunpowder residue etc.)
21. Forensic botany. Plant leaves, seeds, pollen and other plant life on the crime scene, victim or the
accused can provide strong evidence of presence of the accused on the crime scene.
22. Forensic chemistry. It is focused on the study of illicit drugs, gunshot residue and other chemical
substances.
23. Forensic dactyloscopy. It refers to gathering, preservation and study of fingerprint evidence.
24. Forensic document examination. It examines, studies and determines facts about documents in dispute
in a court.
25. Forensic DNA analysis. This field of forensic science focuses on collection and study of DNA evidence
that can be used in the court.
26. Forensic entomology. It studies insects found on the scene of crime or victim and is particularly helpful
for determining the time and location of the victim’s death.
27. Forensic geology. It involves application of geological factors such as soil and minerals to gather
evidence related to crime.
28. Forensic linguistics. It refers to the study of the language relevant for legal proceedings. Examples
include emergency calls, voice identification, ransom demands, suicide letters, etc.
29. Forensic meteorology. It involves application of weather elements to determine facts about a crime. It is
most often used in cases involving insurance companies and murders.
30. Forensic odontology. It refers to the study of dental evidence.
31. Forensic pathology. This field of forensic science deals with examination of a corpse and determining
things such as cause of death.
32. Forensic podiatry. It refers to the study of footprint evidence.
33. Forensic toxicology. A forensic toxicologist studies toxic chemicals such as drugs, e-liquid and poisons
on or in a body.

DIVISION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE

Biology Division:
 Deals with biological materials like blood, semen, saliva, hair etc.
 Undertakes examination of skeletal remains to find out species of origin, race,
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 sex, age, stature of the bio materials.
 Identifies dried bloodstains and body fluids Compares hairs and fibers
 Identifies and compares botanical materials such as wood and plants

Serology Division:
 Created as a result of the ever increasing load of serological examinations.
 Responsible to find out the species of origin, blood group substances, enzyme,
serum protein etc. in the biological materials such as blood, semen, saliva,
epithelial cells, tissues, bones, hairs, teeth cavity scrapings etc.
 DNA profiling.

Chemistry Division:
 Carries out chemical analysis; both qualitative and quantitative.
 Adulterated petroleum, fertilizers, medicines, burnt remains etc.

Toxicology Division:
Undertakes chemical analysis of all materials related to suspected poisoning
stomach wash, vomit, injection site etc.

Physics Division:
 Analyses building materials like adulterated cement samples, cement-sand
proportions, strength of building materials etc.
 Analysis of glass, sand, soil, paint, dirt etc.
 Tool and cut mark identification, restorations of obliterated
marks/writings/numbers etc.

Prohibition and Excise Division:

Analyses samples of spurious and illicit liquors, alcoholic beverages, blood
alcohol level etc.

Narcotics Division:
 Samples of all narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are sent to this
division for analysis.
 Analyses precursor chemicals used for manufacturing drugs and psychotropic
substances.
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Document Examination Unit:

 Provides the skills needed for handwriting analysis and questioned document
issues.
 Analyses paper and ink, indentations, obliterations, erasures, and burned or
charred documents.

Ballistics/Firearms Division:

 Identification of firearms
 Live/fired ammunitions
 Distance of fire
 Correlation between the ammunition and the firearm
 Gunpowder residue analysis

Explosive Division:

Analysis of chemical nature of material used in an explosion.

Photography Unit:

Examines and records physical evidence at the crime scene and at suspects'
locations

Latent Fingerprint Unit:

Processes and examines evidence for latent fingerprints i.e. those found on
surfaces

Polygraph Unit:

Uses lie detectors, an essential tool of the crime investigator rather than the
forensic scientist

Voiceprint Analysis Unit:

 Involved in cases of telephone threats or tape-recorded messages.

 Investigators may be able to connect a voice to a particular suspect

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 CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORIES

Introduction:

The Central Forensic Science Laboratory comes under Ministry Of Home Affairs
and CBI. There are total seven Central Forensic Science Laboratories available in
India under the control of Directorate of Forensic Science Services.

Functions:

The experts of CFSL examine the exhibits forwarded by the Investigating

agencies and render expert opinion and substantiate their opinions in the Court
of Law through court testimony and evidence. Scientists/experts also impart
training to the CBI Investigating Officers and to other trainees of Forensic
Science.

List of CFSLS:

1. Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Chandigarh

2. Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal

3. Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata

4. Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Pune

5. Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad

6. Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Guwahati

7. Central Forensic Science Laboratory, New Delhi

HIERARCHY OF CFSL

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 FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORIES (FSL)

Functions of FSL are as follows:

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 Examine, compare & evaluate physical evidence so as to link a suspect to the
victim or to the scene of a crime.
 Protection of innocent (e.g. person who is suspected and arrested due to
circumstantial evidence is set free, when real culprit is identified).
 Training of police investigators as what constitutes physical evidence, how it
is to be found, collected, preserved and delivered to the laboratory.

HIERARCHY OF FSL
• DIRECTOR

• DEPUTY DIRECTOR

• ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

• SCIENTIFIC OFFICER

• TECHNICIANS

CENTRAL DETECTIVE TRAINING SCHOOL (CDTS)

It is a premier detective training school in India, which imparts training mainly on

the scientific aspects of crime, case investigation and other police related
subjects. This Institute is the oldest of the five Central Detective Training Schools,
located at Kolkata, Chandigarh, Hyderabad, Ghaziabad & Jaipur.

Each CDTS is headed by a Principal (IPS Officer) who is assisted by Vice Principal
and other faculty members of the rank of Dy. SPs and Inspectors in imparting
training to the participants.

INTELLIGENCE BUREAU (IB)

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The Intelligence Bureau (IB) is India's domestic intelligence, internal security and
counter-intelligence agency. IB was founded on December 23, 1887
The Director of Intelligence Bureau is the chief of Intelligence Bureau, India's
internal-intelligence agency.
Its headquarter is situated in New Delhi.

HIERARCHY OF IB

Insigni
Position in Intelligence Bureau Position in police service
a

Director of Intelligence Bureau none

Special Director Director general of police

Additional Director Additional director general of police

Joint Director Inspector general of police

Deputy Director Deputy inspector general of police

Joint Deputy Director Senior Superintendent of Police

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 Assistant Director Superintendent of Police

Deputy Central Intelligence Officer Additional superintendent of police

Assistant Central Intelligence Officer I Deputy Superintendent of Police

Assistant Central Intelligence Officer

Inspector of Police
II

Junior Intelligence Officer I Sub-Inspector of Police

Junior Intelligence Officer II Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police

Security Assistant Head Constable

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC

SCIENCE (NICFS)
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The National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science was set up on 04
January 1972 as a comprehensive facility for teaching, training, research and
consultancy in the fields of Criminology and Forensic Science to meet the ground
level requirements of the Criminal Justice Administration of the country.

NICFS comes under Ministry Of Home Affairs and is situated in New Delhi.

HIERARCHY OF NICFS

NATIONAL CRIME RECORD BUREAU (NCRB)

NCRB was set-up in 1986 to function as a repository of information on crime and

criminals so as to assist the investigators in linking crime to the perpetrators. It
was set up based on the recommendation of the Task force and National Police
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Commission by merging the Directorate of Coordination and Police Computer
(DCPC), Statistical Branch of BPR&D, Inter State Criminals Data Branch of CBI and
Central Finger Print Bureau of CBI.

NCRB comes under Ministry Of Home Affairs and is situated in New Delhi.

NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY (NIA)

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is India's counter-terrorist task force.
The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states
without special permission from the states.
It was formed in 2009 and its headquarter is located in New Delhi which comes under Ministry
Of Home Affairs.

HIERARCHY OF NIA

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 RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS WING (RAW)
India’s Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the country’s premier intelligence
agency. 
It was formed in 1968 and its headquarter is situated in New Delhi which report
directly to PMO.
RAW is responsible for collecting military, economic, scientific, and political
intelligence through covert and overt operations across the border.

It has following main functions:

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 Monitoring the political, military, economic and scientific developments in
countries which have a direct bearing on India's national security and the
formulation of its foreign policy.
 Moulding international public opinion and influence foreign governments.
 Covert Operations to safe guard India's National interests.
 Anti – Terror Operations and neutralising terror elements posing a threat
to India.

HIERARCHY OF RAW

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 RANKS

Designation Level

Secretary (R) Class I / Group A Officers

Special Secretary/Additional
Class I / Group A Officers
Secretary

Joint Secretary Class I / Group A Officers

Director/Deputy Secretary/Attache Class I / Group A Officers

Senior Field Officer Group A Officers

Field Officer Group B Officers

Deputy Field Officer Group B Officers

Assistant Field Officer Group C Officers

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