Elementary Robotics
M.R.M. Haroon
B.Tech(Hons)(Eng)(OUSL) | AMIE (SL)
What is
Mechatronics?
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▪ The word mechatronics was invented by the Japanese
engineer Ko Kikuchi in 1969.
▪ It is a combination of the terms 'mechanical' ("mecha" for
mechanisms, i.e., machines that 'move') and 'electronics’.
mechanical systems in a single device.
▪ The word reflects the basic nature of this field, to integrate
electrical and mechanical systems in a single device.
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The Importance of Mechatronics
▪ It brings more efficiency. Mechatronics adds intelligence to design of the system, by
which efficiency of the system improves.
▪ It reduces cost. Mechanical solutions are expensive when compared to mechatronics
solutions, which lowers cost.
▪ A mechatronic solution improves design time, product size and reliability. It is also
more user-friendly and safer to use.
▪ Mechatronic uses microcontroller, by which precision, position, speed, flow rate, and
variables can be controlled.
▪ Using mechatronic solution increases reliability. Mechanical designs get damaged over
time whereas mechatronic design is more reliable. An example is the odometer
present in the cars.
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Applications of Mechatronics
▪ Smart consumer products:
Home security, camera, microwave oven, toaster, dish washer, laundry washer-
dryer, climate control units, etc.
▪ Automotive:
Climate control, antilock brake, active suspension, cruise control, air bags, engine
management, safety, etc.
▪ Manufacturing:
Robotics, machines, processes, etc.
▪ Medical:
Implant-devices, assisted surgery, haptic, etc.
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What is Control
System?
A Control System is a system in
which the output is controlled
by varying the input.
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Water Heaters - Control
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Types of Control System
These are majorly classified on the basis of whether the output is involved in controlling
action or not.
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What is a
Robot ?
▪ An electromechanical device
with multiple degrees-of-
freedom (DOF) that is
programmable to
accomplish a variety of tasks.
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Robot - Definitions
A reprogrammable, multifunctional, manipulator designed to move materials,
parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks (RIA 1970)
An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a
machine in the form of a human (Webster 1993)
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Industrial Robot
An industrial robot is a
programmable, multi-
functional manipulator
designed to move materials,
parts, tools, or special devices
through variable programmed
motions for the performance
of a variety of tasks”
(Robotics Industries
Association)
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Types of Robots
▪ Manipulators (Robotic Arms)
▪ Mobile Robots
▪ Small Scale Robots
▪ Nano Robots (Molecular Robots)
▪ Parallel Robot Manipulators
▪ Anthropomorphic Robots
▪ Soft Robots
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▪ Manipulators (Robotic Arms)
o Robotic arms are similar to that of human arms
o Consist of links and joints
o Robotic arms constitutes the major potion in industrial robots and come with
various shapes and sizes
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▪ Mobile Robots
o Robots that have the ability of ground motion
o These include all autonomous machines capable of ground locomotion
o Locomotion can be accomplished by, wheeling, walking, rolling, crawling,
hopping, sliding or hovering
o Robots are designed in variety of sizes ranging from truck sized to miniature
o Applications in the industry is of wide ranging from cargo carrying to search and
rescue operations etc.,
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▪ Small Scale Robots
o Note that most of the industrial robots are based on imitation of a human arm,
whereas small scale robots gets its inspiration from small animals such as insects.
o These robots can act individually as well as work in a team to accomplish a given
task.
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▪ Nano Robots (Molecular Robots)
o Robots that are on the molecular level, only made possible with the invention
of the scanning probe microscope and in the advancement of solid state
fabrication technology.
o These robots have wide variety of application particularly in the medical and
defense fields.
o Robots are usually rely on piezo-electric motors and biological sensors to
operate.
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▪ Parallel Robot Manipulators
o Consists of a platform that connects to a base by means of three or more
separate joint links.
o The motion of the platform is achieved by the combined motion of its links.
o These types of robots are often referred to as ‘Stewart Platforms’
o Used in motion simulation for earth quake research, air-craft simulation for
pilot training etc.,
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▪ Anthropomorphic Robots
o Human like robots
o Commonly referred to as ‘humanoid’ or ‘android’ robots
o Control of these types of robots are extremely complex and tedious, and is still
in its infancy
o At present these types of robot are used only for entertainment
o Some robots are made to imitate animals such as dogs and other form of pets.
o However, as research progresses, these types of robots may be used for more
important and complex tasks such as, medical care, household assistance, etc.,
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▪ Soft Robots
Concern with non rigid robots constructed with soft and deformable materials
(Silicone, plastic, fabric, rubber, compliant mechanical parts like springs and
elastomeric matrices with embedded flexible materials
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THANK YOU!
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