NAME: SYEDA LAIBA ZAIDI

STUDENT ID: 62759

COURSE: SAB
INSTRUCTOR: MUHAMMAD WAQAS PASHA
ASSIGNMENT NO: 01
1. Name different types of software. Briefly discuss functions of the software in both the
groups.

ANS. Computer software is typically classified into two major types of programs:

1) System software and

2) Application software

Systems software: are programs that manage the resources of the computer system and simplify
applications programming. They include software such as the operating system, database
management systems, networking software, translators, and software utilities. Operating system
starts up the computer and controls its operation and without Operating System computer cannot
function. It boots the computer and launches programs at the user’s direction.

Functions of operating system

The operating system must manage the use of hardware resources so that software can complete
its tasks. Each program running on a computer is known as a process. The OS manages how
software processes share the system’s resources.

Tasks Management includes scheduling resource use to avoid conflicts and interference between
programs. Unlike most programs, which complete a task and terminate, an operating system runs
indefinitely and terminates only when the computer is turned off.

File management a function that manages data files it is the part of the operating system that
controls the creation, deletion, and access of files and programs, whereas utilities and other
functions provide a variety of support services.

Application Software: Programs that direct the execution of a specific usage, or application, of
computers to satisfy the information processing demands of end users are known as application
software. Performs specific tasks or applications. Application software can not directly
communicate with the hardware so we do need any system software to further work process.
They include Aoff-the-shelf@ software such as word processing and spreadsheet packages, as
well as internally or externally developed software that is designed to meet the specific needs of
an organization.

General purpose applications and custom software are the two major types of application
software. General purpose applications are designed as fully-featured packages while custom
software is tailor-made for a client's specific needs such as Software applications developed
within or for an organization, e.g. Software for KIET.
2. What is Personal Information Manager? How you would make best use of the Personal
Information Manager?

Ans. A personal information manager (PIM) is a software program that lets you manage your
contacts, calendars, projects, and appointments, among other things. PIM tools vary in price and
functionality depending on the user's needs. Every company may benefit from Product
Information Management. PIM organizes documents into a manageable and accessible manner,
regardless of the size of the firm. It will undoubtedly benefit any firm, from reducing mistakes to
increasing efficiency.

 Sifting through thousands of unorganized files for one piece of information takes time
away from actual work. Using personal information manager software allows employees
to quickly access the information they need to complete tasks.
 The reduction of errors means companies spend less on mistakes affecting customer
satisfaction. The accurate information lessens the chance of sharing incorrect product
information.
 In addition to the simplicity and convenience PIM software offers, businesses can easily
assess the efficiency of teams and units. If one unit is excelling, its data can be shared
with less efficient decision-making units to foster growth. The software allows for not
just the sharing of data, but growth from others deciphering that information, as well.
 Obviously, one of the greatest benefits of PIM software is in marketing. By quickly and
securely accessing consumer and product information, marketing teams ensure they form
positive relationships with customers. This information also increases the ability to
provide personalized suggestions to customers based on their data. In turn, that
encourages them to purchase goods.
 It's easy to search, access, update, find and share documents. The collaboration these
solutions offer is seamless.

3. Write short notes on the following:

A. Difference between word processing and desktop publishing.

B. Web Browser called “Universal Client”.

C. Name five front line web browsers. Special feature of any one of them.

D. Groupware products

ANS. Difference between word processing and desktop publishing:

Word processing involves creation, editing, and printing of text while desktop publishing
involves production of documents that combine text with graphics. Word processing is difficult
to layout and design as compared to desktop publishing. Thus, desktop publishing is used to
work on things like newsletters, magazines, adverts, and brochures where layout is important.
Word processing documents are common for simple memos, letters, manuscripts, and resumes.

The initial page of a desktop publisher is blank, and text must be supplied using a text frame.
This is in contrast to word processing, where content may be typed straight into a blank page.
Users may readily alter text and pictures in desktop publishing and experiment with new ideas.
Word processing software, on the other hand, is expanding its page layout capabilities. As a
result, the distinction between the two is now scarcely discernible.

Web Browser called “Universal Client”

The Web browser is widely hailed as "the" universal client because all Web browsers available
for PC, Mac and Linux desktops are capable of reaching every site on the Web. It’s an email
client (mail program) that can access multiple messaging systems. A computer or terminal that
provides access to all required applications in this regard, a desktop or laptop is a universal client
compared to the hardwired terminals of the past. This is, software component installed in the
workstations of all the clients (users) in client/server networks throughout an enterprise. End
User Applications: Web Browse. That's why browsers are being called the universal client.

Name five front line web browsers. Special feature of any one of them.

Ans.

1. Chrome: SPDY
2. Apple Safari
3. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Edge
4. Mozilla Firefox
5. Opera

Apple Safari

Safari is the default on Apple computers and phones, as well as other Apple devices. It's
generally considered to be an efficient browser, its slick design being in keeping with the ethos
of Apple. Originally developed for Macs, Safari has become a significant force in the mobile
market due to the domination of iPhones and iPads. Unlike some of the other browsers listed,
Safari is exclusive to Apple, it doesn't run on Android devices, and the Windows version of
Safari is no longer supported by important security updates from Apple.
Groupware products

Groupware is application software designed to help people working on a common task to attain
their goals. One of the earliest definitions of groupware is "intentional group processes plus
software to support them.

Example: Microsoft SharePoint, Lotus Notes by IBM, Novell GroupWise

Lotus is most commonly known for the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet application, the first feature-
heavy, user-friendly, reliable and WYSIWYG-enabled product to become widely available in the
early days of the IBM PC, when there was no graphical user interface. Lotus also released a
groupware and email system, Lotus Notes to establish a presence in the increasingly important
client–server computing segment, which was rapidly making host-based products such as IBM's
Office Vision obsolete.

SharePoint is a web-based collaborative platform that integrates with Microsoft Office.

Launched in 2001, SharePoint is primarily sold as a document management and storage system,
but the product is highly configurable and usage varies substantially among organizations.

4. Discuss five functions of Operating System. Name some important operating systems
being used.

Ans. Functions of operating system

1) User Interface

The part of the operating system that allows you to communicate with it the three main types are
mentioned below:

 Command-driven
 Menu-driven
 Graphical user interfaces (GUI)

2) Resource Management

The operating system must manage the use of hardware resources so that software can complete
its tasks. Each program running on a computer is known as a process. The OS manages how
software processes share the system’s resources.

3) Tasks Management

It includes scheduling resource use to avoid conflicts and interference between programs. Unlike
most programs, which complete a task and terminate, an operating system runs indefinitely and
terminates only when the computer is turned off. Controls which task gets access to the CPU,
And for how long can interrupt the CPU at any time to substitute a higher priority task. Supports
preemptive and cooperative multi-tasking and multi-processing

4) File management

A function that manages data files it is the part of the operating system that controls the creation,
deletion, and access of files and programs. It keeps track of physical location on storage devices.
Also maintains directories of information about the location and characteristics of stored files.

5) Utilities and other functions

It provides a variety of support services. Miscellaneous housekeeping functions.

Example: Norton utilities include data backup, virus protection, data compression, etc.

Some important operating systems being used are:

 Windows
 Unix
 Linux
 MAC OS X

5) What are benefits of open source software? Do you see open source replacing the current
proprietary software

ANS. Benefits of open source software:

 Very fast fixes for bugs and security exploits, with very fast upgrades to new releases
 Multiple options for software for any given task
 Multiple support streams, though this can be a drawback as well
 A lower cost to obtain, since it is usually free
 Feature implementation is faster

I encourage for the usage of open source software. Is it appropriate for everyone? I believe it is
possible if they are prepared to devote the same amount of time and effort to learning it as they
do with their proprietary software. Open source is lacking software in several areas; it isn't ready
to replace all proprietary software, only 95 percent of it. Autodesk doesn't have to worry, there is
nothing in open source software that comes close to competing with Autocad, though there are
several proprietary applications that do support the Open Source operating systems Autodesk
ignores that give Autocad a run for its money.
6) Name some operating systems for:

 Personal Computers
 Servers

Ans. The most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows,
macOS, and Linux. Popular server operating systems include Windows Server, Mac OS X
Server, and variants of Linux such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux
Enterprise Server.