Linux
multi-tasking operating system that supports multiple users and multiple processors
can run on nearly any type of computers (from Desktop, Laptop, Server, and Supercomputers)
supports almost any type of software applications
UNIX
popular for high-powered workstations that are used in engineering and scientific applications
also heavily used in a mission-critical applications such as Web servers that are used for online
transactions, maintaining Internet domain names, large database servers of banks,
manufacturing companies, and pharmaceutical firms
Mac OS X
based on the UNIX operating system code (the BSD (Berkley System Distribution) UNIX)
heavily favored by graphics artists, multi-media developers, and media publishers
has highly powerful graphics features and capabilities
Palm Pilot OS and Microsoft Windows CE (Embedded Operating System)
another kind of operating system that is not popular to us but usually through some of our
electronic gadgets
directly built into the circuitry of an electronic device such as in our PDAs (Personal Digital
Assistant), cell phones, medical equipments, bar-code scanners, and electronic devices found in
automobiles
Microsoft Windows CE.NET and Windows XP Embedded
Palm Pilot OS ( found in Palm PDAs and Sony PDAs)
Microsoft Pocket PC OS
Symbian OS (found in smart phones of Nokia and Sony-Erricson)
Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
Used by routers and switches
The Four Categories of Operating System
Workstation OS
Network Operating System (NOS)
embedded operating system
Internetwork Operating System
Workstation OS
used primarily by computers that are not connected to the networks
usually the type of operating system that we use at home or installed in our laptops
Network Operating System (NOS)
specifically designed for network servers
Embedded operating system
used for PDAs, cell phones, bar-code readers, and electronic devices found in automobiles
Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
specific application is in the Internet devices called routers and switches
because IOS powers up the router and switch, the computer connected to the Internet can
communicate to each other regardless of distance or time
Utilities Software
perform system maintenance, repair, enhance or extend the capabilities of the operating system
used when damaged system files happened during the time we forget to shutdown our
computer properly
Norton Utilities
diagnose and repair damaged disk, recover files that have been accidentally deleted, resurrect a
crashed hard disk, and optimize hard disk drive performance by defragmenting the disk
Antivirus software, backup utilities, and firewalls
also classified as utilities software
enhance or extend the capabilities of the operating system
Antivirus utility
examine or check the contents of the hard disk, USB drive, and RAM for hidden viruses that
might be lurking on these storage devices
Firewall software or hardware (or a combination of both)
examine or block traffic coming from or going to the Internet
detects if you are being attacked by a hacker or simply an intruder that violates your right to
privacy
Type Examples
Backup Utilities Nero
Antivirus software Norton, McAfee, AVG
Firewalls Cisco, 3COM, CheckPoint FireWalls
Compresssion Utilities WinZip, WinRAR
Word Processor
makes it possible to enjoy typing effectively
typist will no longer suffer the agony of retyping the text to produce clean and a net draft
allows a user to concentrate on thinking about the ideas and let the computer handle the details
of laying out the words and spacing neatly on the page
Desktop Publishing Software
Desktop publishing
process of producing magazines, newspapers, books and other publication materials
modern desktop publishing system includes a computer, a laser printer, and a desktop
publishing software
Electronic Spreadsheet Software
allows the user to easily compute repetitive calculations in a fast and accurate manner
Worksheet
spreadsheet document composed of numbered rows and alphabetically lettered columns
intersection that forms a highlighted box is called a cell
features automatic replication of values and formulas, automatic recalculations, predefined
mathematical functions and macros
Other Application Software of Microsoft Office 2007
Microsoft Office Groove 2007
collaboration software that enables a team to work together of a particular project effectively,
efficiently and dynamically
Microsoft Office Outlook 2007
personal information manager software that is used mainly for e-mail application and shared
mailboxes, contact management, meeting time allocation and calendar, and web browsing
Microsoft Office OneNote 2007
tool for taking notes, gathering information and data, and collaborate with other computer
users
Microsoft Office Publisher 2007
business publishing software that helps you design, create, and publish communication and
marketing materials, intuitively and superbly
Microsoft Office InfoPath 2007
software you use to collect business data and information from the people whom you work and
deal with
Microsoft Access 2007
is a personal database software
some company departments are using Office Access 2007 for managing departmental data and
record keeping operations
OpenOffice
counterpart of Microsoft Office 2007 in the open-source community
competes directly with Microsoft Office 2007
supports the OpenDocument standard which further means that it is compatible with Microsoft
Office document
you can open your Microsoft Word document to OpenOffice word-processor without
encountering any problems, and vise-versa
Mathematical, Scientific and Statistical Software
Accounting software
automatically adjusts the balance in every account after a transaction so that the history can be
traced later when the demand or need arises in the near future
Financial management software
can automate the generation of check writing, budgeting, and bill paying
Example of this application software is Quicken and MS Money
Mathematical processing software
used by many professional and students whose needs are beyond the capabilities of
spreadsheet software
can handle complex equations, formulas, and calculations
can handle the calculations for matrix and linear algebra, complex trigonometry and polynomial
factoring
Statistical analysis software
can produce graphs that shows how two or more variables relate to each other
Scientific visualization software
uses location in space, shape, and color to help us understand the relationship of things and
objects that are invisible in our eyes
Computer Modeling and Simulation software
used to create abstract models of objects, organizations, processes, and organisms
Computer games
models or simulations of an actual or imaginary ideas, processes, works, or situations
Computer Simulation
Schools, military, and businesses use simulation techniques for training
User-oriented simulations allow the person to temporarily live their fantasies
Sports simulation like the world re-known athlete stars are among the favorite computer games
of the new generation today
In military application, the fighter jet pilot can simulate the right and safe landing of F14 in an
aircraft carrier using the computer
Database Management System
type of software that is used for organizing storage and retrieval of information
allows people to store, search, retrieve, process, or access data fast and easy
Basic components of the database management system:
Database
Table
Record
Database
collection of information stored in a systematic form in a computer
Table
complete collection of related records in a row and column format
Record
collection of related data about a person or object
Basic operations and uses of database
Query - an information request
Indexing - database command that allows us to arrange records in alphabetical or numerical
order
Corporate Databases
SQL Server 2008
database of Microsoft corporation and considered as the fastest-growing DBMS today
runs only in Windows operating system such as in Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows
Server 2003 or 2008
Oracle Database 11g
worlds first commercially-available relational database management system (RDBMS)
number one RDBS used worldwide
runs in Windows operating system, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX Solaris
packed with a large suite of business application software, utilities, and languages that can be
used together to solve business process problems
IBM DB2 Universal Database
suite of business application software that can be used by companies for their data analysis,
integration, and data-mining, data-warehousing, and other data management tasks
has a version that will run in Windows, Linux, and UNIX operating systems
offers a superb service and technical support by its company- the IBM Corporation
stable and robust database server for high-volume activity transactions
MySQL
most popular and widely used RDBMS in the open-source community
simple to use but has less features than Oracle or SQL Server
PostgreSQL
dubbed as the worlds most advanced open-source database
originally developed in early 1970s and was formerly called Ingres
Express Edition
free software version of giant computer software companies such as Microsoft and Oracle
has some inherent limitations but these limitations are purely more of limited storage capacity
of data to be stored and computer memory and CPU usage, not actually with software features
and capabilities
The Computer Number System (Series III)
Hexadecimal Number System
how the computer assigned memory addresses
consists of ten numbers: 0 to 9 and six letters: A to F
Memory addresses
actual memory location where each data is stored systematically for easy and fast search and
retrieval process
MAC (Media Access Control) address
physical address of the LAN-card
each and every LAN-card in a computer network has a unique MAC address that is in
hexadecimal format
