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AS Level Computer Science - Number Systems

This document discusses different number systems and methods for representing information digitally. It covers denary, binary, and hexadecimal number systems including conversions between them. It also defines common terms like bit, byte and nibble. Additionally, it discusses encoding schemes for text like ASCII and Unicode as well as compression techniques.

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Aryan Maheshwari
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193 views25 pages

AS Level Computer Science - Number Systems

This document discusses different number systems and methods for representing information digitally. It covers denary, binary, and hexadecimal number systems including conversions between them. It also defines common terms like bit, byte and nibble. Additionally, it discusses encoding schemes for text like ASCII and Unicode as well as compression techniques.

Uploaded by

Aryan Maheshwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information

Representation
Number Systems
Denary, Binary, Hexadecimal, Conversions,
Definitions
Denary
▸ Decimal Numbers
▸ 0-9
▸ Base 10
Thousands Hundreds Tens Units

103 102 101 100

1000 100 10 1

9 1 7 5

9*1000 + 1*100 + 7*10 + 5*1 = (9173)10


Binary
▸ Each digit known as a bit
▸ 0&1
▸ Base 2
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

1*64 + 1*32 + 1*8 + 1*2 = (106)2


Denary to Binary
Division Method
Hexadecimal
▸ One Hex can represent 4 binary bits
▸ 0 - 9… A - F
▸ Base 16
163 162 161 160

4096 256 16 1

3 4 A F

3*4096 + 4*256 + 10*16 + 15*1 = (13486)16


Denary to Hex
Division Method
Binary to Hex
&
Hex to Binary
Basic Definitions

▸ Bit: smallest unit of digital representation

▸ Nibble: a group of four bits

▸ Byte: a group of eight bits treated as a single unit


Numbers & Quantities
Types, Prefixes
Types of Numbers

Type Example

Integer 3 or 47

Signed Integer -3 or (+)47

Fraction ⅔ or 52/17

Decimal -37.85 or 2.83

Exponential Notation -3.6 x 108 or 4.2 x 10-9


Decimal Prefix

Name Symbol Factor

kilo k 103

mega M 106

giga G 109

tera T 1012
Binary Prefix

Name Symbol Factor

kibi Ki 210

mebi Mi 220

gibi Gi 230

tebi Ti 240
Internal Coding
One’s/Two’s complement, Binary
Arithmetic, Binary Coded Decimal
One’s Complement
Two’s Complement
Binary Arithmetic
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

0+0=0 0-0=0 0x0=0 0 / 0 = N/A

0+1=1 0 - 1 = 10 - 1 0x1=0 0/1=0

1+0=1 1-0=1 1x0=0 1 / 0 = N/A

1 + 1 = 10 1-1=0 1x1=1 1/1=1


Binary Coded Decimal
▸ Storage of binary value representing
one denary digit in a nibble
Internal Text Coding
ASCII Code, Unicode
ASCII Code
▸ American Standard Code for Information
Interchange

▸ Two Sections
▹ Non-Printable: system codes between 0-31
▹ Standard: 7-bit character table between
32-127

▸ Majority of codes are for characters of the English


language

▸ Requires less space


Unicode

▸ Superset of ASCII (First 128 chars are same)

▸ Supports 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit depending on


encoding

▸ All languages

▸ Requires more space


Compression
Lossy vs Lossless

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