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WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is an PERSONAL COMPUTER
electronic device that Designed for general use by a single
manipulates data or person.
information.
Known as microcomputers because they
It has the ability to: were complete computers but built on a
smaller scale than the huge systems in use by
store, most businesses.
retrieve, and In 1981, iconic tech maker IBM
unveiled its first PC, which relied on
process data. Microsoft's MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk
Operating System).
Uses of a computer
A computer can be used to: Apple followed up in 1983 by creating
the Lisa, one of the first PCs with a GUI
type documents, (graphical user interface)
send email,
DESKTOP
play games,
Until the middle of the 1980s,
browse the Web consumers had one choice for a PC —
and it was the desktop format.
edit or create:
Equipped with large CRT (cathode ray
spreadsheets, presentations, and tube) monitors, they crowded your home
videos workspace or the office.
Basic Computer Operations Most desktops offer more
Input -DATA Capture power, storage and versatility for less
Process-DATA Transformation cost, which was what made them the
Output -DATA/Information Display go-to computer in the 1990s, when
Storage -DATA/Information Storage laptops were still thousands of dollars
10 Types of Computers LAPTOP
Portable computers that integrate
Personal the display, keyboard, a pointing device or
Desktop trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all
Laptop in a battery-operated package slightly larger than
Netbooks and Tablets an average hardcover book.
Handheld Computer
Workstation The first true commercial laptop: The
Server Osborne 1, released in 1981, sold for around
Mainframe $1,800, had 64 kb of memory — and weighed
Computers about 24 pounds (10 kilograms), screen was
Supercomputer just 5 inches (12 centimeters)
Wearable
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memory, complete connectivity options
(including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and more),
dual-lens cameras, high-quality audio
systems, and other features
Netbooks are ultra-portable computers
that are even smaller than traditional WORKSTATION
laptops. A workstation is simply a desktop
computer that has a more powerful processor,
The extreme cost-effectiveness of additional memory, high-end graphics
netbooks (roughly $200) means they're adapters and enhanced capabilities for
cheaper than almost any brand-new performing a special group of tasks, such as
laptop 3D graphics or game development
Netbooks' internal components are less Workstations, like regular desktop
powerful than those in regular laptops. computers, are intended for individual users.
But they differ from desktops in that they are
Netbooks first appeared in 2007, much, much speedier. Typically, it's
primarily as a means for accessing the businesses like engineering firms or
internet and multimedia companies that buy these
Tablets have largely replaced the niche workhorse PCs for their employees
netbooks occupied.
SERVER
Tablets are thin, flat devices that look like larger A computer that has been optimized to
versions of smartphones. Provide services to other computers over
They were first manufactured in 2000 by a network, servers usually have powerful
Lenovo, but popularized by Apple in 2010 with processors, lots of memory and large hard drives.
the release of its iPad You don't sit down at a server and type.
Instead,a server provides computer power
Handheld Computers through a
In the 1990s, personal digital assistants local area network (LAN) or over the
(PDAs) were tightly integrated computers internet.
that often used flash memory instead of a Companies,
hard drive for storage. small and large lean on servers to
provide information, process orders, track
Relied on touchscreen technology for shipping data, crunch scientific formulas,
user input. and a whole lot more. Servers are often stored
on racks in a dedicated server room, which in
some companies may resemble warehouses.
PDAs were typically smaller than a
paperback novel, very lightweight with a
reasonable battery life. Mainframe
Mainframes first came to life in the
post-World War II era, as the U.S.
For a time, they were the go-to devices for Department of Defense ramped up its
calendars, email, and simple messaging energies to fight the Cold War.
functions (Palm Pilot, BlackBerry)
Still used to crunch some of the biggest
and most complex databases in the
Smartphone: feature touch-screen interfaces, world. They help to secure countless
high-speed processors, many gigabytes of sensitive transactions, from mobile
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payments to top-secret corporation It includes the hardware, software and
information peopleware.
It requires the interaction of the other
components in order for it to work
IBM, one of the world's most enduring properly as a computer.
makers of mainframes for more than Computer System Components
half a century, saw a spike in
mainframe sales in 2018, for the first Hardware
time in five years. Hardware is any part of your computer that
has a physical structure, such as the
Mainframes first came to life in the keyboard or mouse.
post-World War II era, as the U.S.
Department of Defense ramped up its It also includes all of the computer's internal
energies to fight the Cold War. parts.
Still used to crunch some of the biggest Software
and most complex databases in the Software is any set of instructions that tells
world. They help to secure countless the hardware what to do and how to do it.
sensitive transactions, from mobile
payments to top-secret corporation Examples of software include web
information browsers, games, and word processors.
IBM, one of the world's most enduring Peopleware
makers of mainframes for more than Refers to the human role in an IT
half a century, saw a spike in system.
mainframe sales in 2018, for the first
time in five years. In many cases, peopleware forms a kind
Supercomputer of "conceptual triangle" with hardware
This type of computer usually costs and software.
hundreds of thousands or even millions Refers to human talent as a kind of
of dollars. commodified piece of an IT process and
a key part of providing various technical
Although some supercomputers are business models and other planning
single computer systems, most are resources.
composed of multiple high performance
computers working in parallel as a Three people categories:
single system. The best known Digital native is an individual that has grown
supercomputers are built by Cray up with digital technology such as
Supercomputers. computers, the Internet, mobile phones, and
MP3
Often found at places like atomic Digital immigrant is an individual that grew
research centers, spy agencies, scientific up without digital technology and adopted to
institutes, or weather forecasting it later
stations, where speed is of vital concern. Digital fugitives an individual that grew up
COMPUTER SYSTEM without digital technology and avoids
It is the complete setup of computer technology in favor of traditional methods.
components.
It is the physical machine that does the
main processing.
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