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CITATION MAS /L 1033

This document discusses bulk solids and the angle of repose, which is used to characterize the flow properties of granular materials. The angle of repose is defined as the steepest angle at which a heap of unconsolidated granular material remains stable. There are various methods for measuring the angle of repose, but the value depends on both the material properties and the specific test procedure used. One common test method involves filling a hollow cylinder with granular material and measuring the angle formed when the cylinder is lifted and the material flows out to form a stable heap.

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52 views3 pages

CITATION MAS /L 1033

This document discusses bulk solids and the angle of repose, which is used to characterize the flow properties of granular materials. The angle of repose is defined as the steepest angle at which a heap of unconsolidated granular material remains stable. There are various methods for measuring the angle of repose, but the value depends on both the material properties and the specific test procedure used. One common test method involves filling a hollow cylinder with granular material and measuring the angle formed when the cylinder is lifted and the material flows out to form a stable heap.

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hussain
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Introduction:

A bulk solid is made up of many particles or granules of various sizes (and presumably

chemical components and densities) that have been irregularly clustered together to form a solid. The

'type' of such a substance is, its look, 'feel,' how it acts in different situations, and so on—is thus

determined by a number of characteristics, the most important of which are the size, form, and density

of the component particles. When particulate materials are shearing or disturbed, they act as non-

Newtonian fluids rather than stable, granular particles, posing issues in processing and manufacturing.

Granule flowability is determined by a number of factors, one of which being the angle of repose .

While the angle of repose can be used to determine flowability, it is influenced by a variety of elements

and has a variety of definitions, measurement methods, and uses[ CITATION MAS \l 1033 ].

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abilities, a wide range of forms, contact designs, millions of granules, mesh cleaning, moving meshes,

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Angle of repose

When a quantity of bulk solid is allowed to form a heap, or when material slippage occurs,

resulting in a sloping surface, the angle of the free surface can take any value up to a maximum that is

primarily determined by the nature of the bulk solid in question. The maximum angle depends to some

part on how the sloping surface is generated, but it is determined to be reasonably consistent for a given

bulk solid using a controlled test process.

As a result, a 'angle of repose' can be defined as the limiting natural slope of the free surface of a bulk

solid seen during a particular test technique, and this can be considered a material property.

[ CITATION MAS \l 1033 ]


Many methods for determining the angle of repose of bulk solids have been devised, but it is

important to remember that the value determined depends not only on the condition of the bulk solid

(for example, its moisture content or level of electrostatic charge), but also on the test procedure used

and the operator's skill[ CITATION MAS \l 1033 ].

The objective of the lab work is to compare the flow properties of particles of various shapes.

The angle of repose is frequently used to characterize the flow properties of bulk solids. The angle of

repose is defined as the steepest angle at which a heap of the unconsolidated granular material remains

stable[ CITATION Fra \l 1033 ]. The static angle of repose can be measured using a hollow cylinder

method. The cylinder mounted on the top of a flat base is filled with granular materials. Then, the

cylinder is lifted of the base with constant velocity. The materials start to flow and form a heap. The

height of the heap is measured.

Then, the angle of repose is calculated as

θ s=tan ( 2DH )
Where H is the height of the heap, D is the base diameter and θ s is the static angle of repose.
References

[1] C. R. W. a. J. S. MASON, "BULK SOLIDS HANDLING An I ntroduction to the Practice and," p. 1.

[2] "Frankowski, P., & Morgeneyer, M. (2013, June). Calibration and validation of DEM rolling and sliding
friction coefficients in angle of repose and shear measurements. In AIP conference proceedings (Vol. 1542,
No. 1, pp. 851-854.".

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