Current Trends in Software Engineering
Lesson 3: Introduction to Dart
Content
What is Dart?
Dart History
Dart Features
Flutter & Dart
Start Coding with Dart...
What is Dart?
Dart is a client-optimized programming language for apps on multiple
platforms.
Dart is an open-source general-purpose programming language.
It is developed by Google and is used to build mobile, desktop, backend and
web applications.
Dart is an object-oriented, Strongly Typed, garbage-collected language
Dart History
Dart was unveiled at the GOTO conference in Aarhus, Denmark, October
10–12, 2011
The project was founded by Lars Bak and Kasper Lund
Dart 1.0 was released on November 14th, 2013.
Recently release Dart 2.6 is accompanied with a new extension
dart2native.
Dart Usage
Mobile app development using Flutter
Web development (using Dart2JS)
Server side (using various libraries and frameworks)
Dart features
Optimized for UI
Develop with a programming
language specialized around the
needs of user interface creation
A programming language that is easy
to learn, with a familiar syntax
Dart features Cont…
Productive development
• Make changes iteratively: use hot reload to see the result instantly in your running
app
• Write code using a flexible type system with
rich static analysis and
powerful, configurable tooling
• Do profiling, logging, and debugging with
your code editor of choice
Dart features Cont…
Fast on all platforms
Compile to ARM & x64 machine code for mobile, desktop, and backend.
Or compile to JavaScript for the web
Dart can also be JIT (Just In Time) compiled for exceptionally fast
development cycles
Dart makes it easier to create smooth animations and transitions that run
at 60fps.
Dart can do object allocation and garbage collection without locks.
Flutter and Dart
Dart Installation
Dart SDK
Use the community-supported Dart SDK installer for Windows
DartPad
It is an online editor at https://dartpad.dartlang.org
Dart SDK
Hello World
Data Types
Dart is an optionally typed language
• Numbers
Int and double
• Strings
String is used to represent string literals.
• Booleans
Uses the bool keyword to represent a Boolean value.
• Lists
Ordered group of objects and it is synonymous to the concept of an array in other
programming languages. List
• Maps
set of values as key-value pairs. Map
• Dynamic
If the type of a variable is not explicitly specified, the variable’s type is dynamic.
Dart input output handling
Using Labels to Control the Flow
• A label is simply an identifier followed by a colon (:) that is applied to a
statement or a block of code.
• A label can be used with break and continue to control the flow more
precisely.
• Line breaks are not allowed between the ‘continue’ or ‘break’ statement and
its label name. Also, there should not be any other statement in between a
label name and an associated loop.
Control flow statements
Collections - List
• Dart represents arrays in the form of List objects. A List is simply an ordered group of
objects.
• The dart:core library provides the List class
List
Fixed Length List
Growable List
var list_name = new List(initial_size)
var list_name = [val1,val2,val3]
lst_name[index] = value;
creates a list containing the specified values
OR
var list_name = new List()
creates a list of size zero
Collections - List
Fixed Length List
Collections - List
Growable List
Collections - Map
• The Map object is a simple key/value pair. Keys and values in a map may be
of any type. A Map is a dynamic collection.
• Maps can be declared in two ways −
Using Map Literals
var identifier = { key1:value1, key2:value2 [,…..,key_n:value_n] }
Using a Map constructor
var identifier = new Map()
map_name[key] = value
Collections - Map
Collections - Queue
Imports
Functions
Lambda Functions
Classes
Dart supports all the features for Object-oriented programing paradigm like Classes,
Inheritance, Interfaces, Polymorphism, etc.
Create
Class Object
example
Classes
Constructors
• A constructor is an instance method that is invoked when an object is
created from the class.
• This is a good place to initialize instance variables.
Named constructors
Dart provides multiple constructors on a class. Apart from default constructors,
other constructors must have a name. While creating an object from a class, we
need to use the name named constructor.
Dart Access Specifiers
• Dart doesn't provide Access specifiers keywords like private, public and
protected.
• can use _ (underscore) at the start of the name to make a data member of a
class becomes private.
• So, a data member is either public (if not preceded by _) or private (if
preceded by _)
Dart Access Specifiers
a.dart
other.dart
Dart Access Specifiers
a.dart
other.dart
Class Inheritance- interface
Dart has no interface keyword.
Class Inheritance – Abstract class
Mixins
• A Mixin is a class that contains methods for use by other classes without
having to be the parent class of those other classes.
• mixins are normal classes from which we can borrow methods(or
variables) from without extending the class.
Thank You
