PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
KAYE CHELSEY I. SUSON
Stoichiometry is the quantitative study of
reactants and products in a chemical reaction. The
term came from the Greek words stoicheion,
meaning “element”, and metron meaning
“measure”.
STOICHIOMETRY
(stoy·kee·aa·muh·tree)
Activity 1: Balancing
Chemical Equations
Activity 2: Chicken Adobo
ala Chem
To better understand the relationship of chemistry
(stoichiometry) and cooking, let us use the cooking of adobo
as an analogy.
Objectives:
• Relate stoichiometry to cooking
• Demonstrate the relationship between a
reactant with another reactant/s, a reactant to a
product, and vice versa
Procedure:
• Observe and strictly follow the “adobo equation”
• Identify the amount of ingredients or product
(adobo) that will be needed/produced using the given
quantities
• Write your answer on the space provided
Guide Questions:
1. What will happen to your chicken adobo if you
were only given the ingredients but not the exact
measurement? Why?
2. How did you know how to compute for the amount
of the other ingredients in the activity?
𝑁 2+ 3 𝐻 2 → 2 𝑁 𝐻 3
Molar Quantity or
Moles
The coefficients written before the
chemical symbol are molar quantity or
moles.
There are no device that can measure the molar
quantity of a substance, we need to convert the mole of
a substance into mass (normally, in grams).
In the case of the reaction of nitrogen gas and
hydrogen gas to form ammonia, to convert mole to
mass, we use a conversion factor using the molar mass
of the substance:
𝑁 2+ 3 𝐻 2 → 2 𝑁 𝐻 3
EXAMPLE:
𝑀𝑔+2 𝐻𝑁 𝑂 3 → 𝐻 2 +𝑀𝑔 ¿
Law of Conservation of
Mass and Stoichiometry
Law of Conservation of Mass states,
“in an ordinary chemical reaction,
mass is neither created nor
destroyed”
Using molar ratio and a balanced
chemical equation, we can compute for
the quantity of another substance
involved in the reaction.
A mole ratio is the ratio of moles of
reactants and products according to the
coefficients in the balanced chemical
equation.
If you are given a specific mass of substance,
how do you know how much of the other
reactants are you going to use?
Can you also know the amount of product that you
are going to form?
To solve this, you need to follow the steps in solving
stoichiometric problems:
STEPS IN SOLVING
STOICHIOMETRIC PROBLEMS
For example, in the reaction
Mg + HNO3 H2 + Mg(NO3)2, you were
given 10 grams of Mg, how much HNO3 are
going to use and how much H2 and
Mg(NO3)2 will be formed?
Example 2:
Example 3:
Activity 2: Cook like a
Chemist
Imagine you are a chemist. How do you know how much reactants
you are going to use and how much products are going to be
formed? Try solving these problems to practice your skills.
Objectives:
• Solve the following stoichiometric problems correctly; and
• Follow the steps in solving stoichiometric problems carefully
Procedure:
• Follow the four steps in solving stoichiometric problems to solve
for what is being required.
• Write you final answer in the correct number of significant figures.
LIMITING REAGENT AND EXCESS
REAGENT
Limiting reagent is the substance in a chemical reaction
that controls or limits the maximum amount of product
formed.
Excess reagent is the reactant present in quantities greater
than necessary to react with the quantity of the limiting
reagent.
10 pound of chicken and 1 onion
Excess Reagent Limiting Reagent
𝑁 2+ 3 𝐻 2 → 2 𝑁 𝐻 3
10 g 10 g
If you have 10 grams each of N2 and H2, which one is the limiting
reagent and which one is the excess reagent? To answer this, you
have to assume on reactant to be a limiting reagent, then compute
for the required amount of the other reactant to completely consume
the other.
Let us assume that N2 is the limiting reagent. How much H2 do you
need to completely use up all the N2?
As you can see from the calculation, 10 grams of N2 will only require
2.2 grams of H2. Since you have 10 grams of H2, it means that it is in
excess while N2 is in limited quantity. But what if you assumed that
H2 was the limiting reagent? How much N2 do you need to consume
all 10 grams of H2?
If all 10 grams of H2 get used up in the reaction, you will be
needing 48 grams of N2. Since you only have 10 grams of N2, it
means that its quantity is limited and, therefore, H2 is in excess.
Activity 3:
Am I too much for you?
Procedure:
• Solve the following problems to identify the
limiting and excess reagent using a single
thread of solution, just like in the example
• Report your answer in the correct number of
significant figures
QUIZ:
DIRECTIONS: Read the questions very carefully and write the
letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each
number.
1. Stoichiometry is defined as the quantitative study
of in a chemical reaction.
A. moles and mass C. reactants and
products
B. elements and compounds D. matter and
energy
2. What is the first step in solving stoichiometric
problems?
A. convert mass of the given substance to mole
B. determine the mole ratio of the involved substance
C. convert the moles of the wanted substance to the
desired unit
3.
D. What arethe
balance thechemical
correct coefficients
equation to balance the
equation below?
___KClO3 → ___KCl + ___O2
A. 2-2-3 B. 2-3-2 C. 1-2-3 D. 3-2-2
4. Which of the following quantities is conserved in
every chemical reaction?
A. Mass C. Molecules
B. Moles D. Formula units
5. Which type of stoichiometric calculation does not
involve the gram formula mass?
A. Mass-mass problems C. Mass-particle
problems
B. Mass-volume problems D. Volume-volume
problems
II. Solve the following stoichiometric
problems.
1.
.
2.
