“TO STUDY THE MARKETING

STRATEGIES AND BRAND

LOYALTY OF HALDIRAMS”

PROJECT SUBMITTED TO ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY,

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION IN APPLIED MANAGEMENT

RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: SUBMITTED BY:

MR. SUMIT VERMA Satya Prakash

The NIS Academy Enrollment No.4740700003
4th floor Rachna Building
Rajendra Place New Delhi

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
ANNAMALAI NAGAR
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “Marketing Strategy

and Brand Loyalty of Haldiram’s” submitted
For the Degree of Master of Business Administration in Applied
Management is my original work and the project has not formed
the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship,
fellowship or similar other titles. It has not been submitted to any
other university or Institution for the award of any degree or
diploma.

Signature of the student

Place: New Delhi Name: Satya Prakash

Date: 23-03-09 Enrolment No:4740700003

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with real pleasure that, I record my indebtedness to my

academic Guide, Mr. Sumit Verma for his counsel and guidance
during the preparation of this project.
I am grateful to director of center head Mr. Somnath
Chakraborty. I wish to record my sincere and special thanks to my
friend Niraj Kumar Jha and Girish Bhatt.
My thanks are due to my friends those who have helped in
collecting data or analysis or typesetting etc.
.

Signature of the student

Place: New Delhi

Name: Satya Prakash

Date: 23-03-09 Enrolment No: 4740700003

iii
 Certificate

Certified that the project “Marketing Strategies and Brand

Loyalty of Haldiram’s” is a work done by
Mr. Satya Prakash during the period of his study under my
guidance, and That the project has not previously formed the
basis for the award of any Degree, diploma, associate ship,
fellowship or similar other titles and that it is an independent
work done by him/her.

Signature of the guide:

Place: New Delhi Name: Mr. Sumit Verma

The NIS Academy
4th Floor, Rachna Building
Date: 23-03-09 Rajendra Place, N.Delhi

iv
 FORM SUBMISSION OF PROJECT

Name of the student : Satya Prakash

Enrolment No. : 4740700003
Programme with subject : M.B.A. in Applied Management
Title of the Project : Marketing Strategy & Brand
Loyalty of Haldiram’s
Period of study : 2007-09
Address of the candidate : 42, Masighgarh, Jamia Nagar
N.Delhi-25
Name of the guide : Mr, Sumit Verma
Designation : Faculty
Experience : 15 years
Address of the guide : Official -9/13 Old Rajinder Nagar
New Delhi
Ph.9811678111

: Residential- 7A/8 W.E.A. Karol-

Bagh, N.Delhi-05

Date of submission of project: 23-03-09 Place- New Delhi

Signature of the student Signature of the Guide

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-3

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3-10

A True Celebration of the Indian Spirit 3

1.2 Never Changing yet Ever Changing 4
1.3 The Legacy 5
1.4 Mission 8
1.5 Awards 8
1.6 Certifications 9
1.7 Exports 9

CHAPTER 2: MARKETING MIX 11-26

2.1 Product 11
2.2 Price 17
2.3 Place 17
2.4 Promotion 22

CHAPTER 3: HALDIRAM’S: THE BRAND 27-32

3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Eleven Brand Definitions 29

vi
CHAPTER 4: SWOT ANALYSIS 33-38

4.1 Introduction 33
4.2 SWOT Matrix-1 37
4.3 SWOT Matrix-2 38

CHAPTER 5: CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS 39-50

5.1 Research Methodology 39

5.2 Demographics 40
5.3 Analysis 41

CHAPTER 6: COMPETITION ANALYSIS 51-61

6.1 Introduction 51
6.2 Competitors of Haldiram’s 51
6.3 Levels of Competition 52
6.4 Porter’s Five Forces Model 54
6.5 Customer Value Analysis 57
6.6 Types of Competitive Strategies 58
6.7 Share of Market, Mind & Heart 61

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 62-65

7.1 Media Mix 62

7.2 Consumer Behaviour Analysis (Chapter 5) 63
7.3 Competition Analysis (Chapter 6) 64

BIBLIOGRAPHY 66

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Product List

Table 6.1 Levels of Competition

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Distribution Channel Structure (Outside Delhi)

Figure 2.2 Distribution Channel Structure (Within Delhi)
Figure 3.1 Eleven Brand Definitions
Figure 4.1 SWOT Matrix - 1
Figure 4.2 SWOT Matrix – 2
Figure 6.1 Porter’s Five Forces Model

viii
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

About the company

HALDIRAM – is a name associated with consumers for sweets and

namkeens for the past six decades in India and abroad. It made its

modest start in the beginning 1941 in Bikaner in the State of Rajas

than. Today the company has diversified into snack food, sweets,

syrups, biscuits and fast food. It is the leader in the Namkeens

segment with a 70% of that total share in the market.

Objective of the report

• To study the marketing mix of Haldiram’s

• To study the Haldiram’s as a brand and define

various brand attributes related to Haldiram’s

• To study the behaviour of the consumer with

respect to attributes such as Brand Loyalty and come

up with recommendations as to what all needs to be

considered keeping the consumer in mind

• To analyze Haldiram’s competitor and compare

their strategies and come up with recommendations for

any problem being faced by it.

1
Methodology Used

Primary source of information was Mr. K K Goyal, Sales Manager

Haldiram’s. He gave me insights into various issues such as

marketing mix of Haldiram’s etc.

Lot of other people were contacted such as Haldiram’s distributors,

shop keepers etc.

Secondary source of information was internet and various other

articles in magazines, pamphlets etc.

Focus of Study

Haldiram’s is a huge brand and has diversified its activities into

various industries. The one industry where it is the king right now is

the “namkeens” industry. Hence the project mainly focuses on

studying Haldiram’s namkeen division, though other areas have been

briefly mentioned.

2
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

A True Celebration of the Indian Spirit

Haldiram’s is a name that is as Indian as India itself. For over fifty

memorable years, Haldiram’s has dedicatedly served the Indian

consumer's palate. Perhaps no other land in this world boasts of such

a vast multitude of people, with not only different cultures but also

tastes and styles of living as well. And no other brand but Haldiram’s

can boast of finding widespread acceptance with all of them.

The flagship brand, “Haldiram’s Namkeen”, a range of spicy veteran

snacks, has its finger on the pulse of this subcontinent. Not to

mention, the fresh Syrups and Crushes made from the juiciest fruits.

And a colorful variety of Indian sweets, neatly packed in compact

tins.

Today, the Haldiram’s brand has become a household name across

the length and breadth of the nation. It is a name that people trust

and rely upon. In fact, it wouldn't be wrong to say that without

Haldiram’s; any celebration in India is incomplete.

Haldiram’s has many ‘firsts’ to its credit. It was the first company in

India to brand ‘namkeens’. The group also pioneered new ways of

packaging namkeens. Its packaging techniques increased the shelf

life of namkeens from less than a week to more than six months. It

3
was also one of the first companies in India to open a restaurant in

New Delhi offering traditional Indian snack food items such as

“panipuri”, “chatpapri”, and so on, which catered to the needs of

hygiene conscious non-resident Indians and other foreign customers.

1.2 Never Changing yet Ever Changing

Where else in the world can you catch a glimpse of the past and the

future coexisting peacefully? Where else but India!!

In many ways, Haldiram’s reflects this unique phenomenon. In the

plants, in the work culture and indeed in their thinking as well, where

the conventional and the contemporary go hand in hand.

If the Haldiram’s ethos dates back to vintage India, it also signifies

their endeavor to keep pace with the latest technological

development anywhere in world. In fact Haldiram’s was the first

company to strictly follow international standards of hygiene and

freshness with regular laboratory checks on the raw material and

seasonings. An advanced manufacturing plant, a fully automated

processing unit and high quality in-house packaging are just a few

other examples of their never ending passion for product excellence.

At Haldiram’s, quality is an obsession and this sprit to provide Quality

Products has given the company a cutting edge over its competitors.

The traditional Indian Sweet-Maker from a very small set up has

transformed into a full-fledged processing food industry and is taking

its wares beyond the domestic frontiers to the Western World.

4
Enjoyed and trusted by a million Indian families in India and

overseas as well, its salty snacks and scrumptious sweets, meet

international standards of hygiene and freshness. Haldiram’s

delightful delicacies tempt the people all over the world to share this

exotic Indian treat. Their product ranges from Tasty and Nutritious

Namkeens, Delicious Sweets, Refreshing Syrups, Crunchy Papads to

the snack food items such as Tak-a-Tak.

Everyday, in countries across the globe, millions choose Haldiram’s

products and bestow their confidence upon the company. Even as

emerging international markets are further enhancing their export

potential, Haldiram’s priority still remains the same: tickling,

pampering, delighting and indulging the consumer’s palate the world

over.

Haldiram’s is successfully exporting its products to USA, UK,

Australia, Middle East & Far East Countries, Germany, Philippines,

New Zealand, Nepal, Sri Lanka, UAE, France, Spain, Italy,

Netherlands, Japan, etc. They are an ISO and HACCP Certified

Company and which are also approved by the FDA, USA.

1.3 The Legacy

Haldiram’s is a name traditionally associated with quality and taste in

sweets and namkeens for the past six decades in India and abroad.

It made its modest start way back in 1941 in Bikaner, Rajasthan as a

family run business and even today is privately owned by the

Aggarwal family with Mr. Manohar Aggarwal as the CEO of the North

India region.

5
The brand name ‘HALDIRAM BHUJIAWALA’ was introduced during

pre-partition era, which is 1941, and has never looked back ever

since. It ventured into the retail industry by opening up a shop in

1983 in Chandni Chowk, which was then the commercial hub of

Delhi. The prime focus was to serve sweets and namkeens to the

direct consumers and traders.

The group comprises of three companies - HMCL, Haldiram Foods

International Ltd. (Nagpur) and Haldiram Bhujiawala Ltd., Kolkata,

which share only the brand name. They have different operational

areas, with HMCL catering to the northern region. Haldiram Foods

caters to the western and southern markets and Haldiram Bhujiawala

to the eastern part.

Encouraged by the tremendous response towards its products from

everyone, Haldiram’s decided to go in for up- gradation of

technology, packing and production. This was made possible by the

installation of modern, sophisticated and state-of-the-art technology,

plants and machinery. Through hard work, uncompromising quality

and dedicated service, Haldiram’s became a part of every Indian

family and there existed no such house that did not know of the

brand or its products, which include not just sweets and namkeens

but syrups and snacks as well. Extensive branding activities in the

past decade are bearing fruits now, as the company is the

undisputed market leader in the namkeen segment of the snack food

industry.

6
Even though it has come a long way from its original “halwai shop”

days, the company is still trying hard to change its traditional image

and modernize it to suit a new target audience. With the kind of

infrastructure the company has, it is already giving the more

established international brands a run for their money.

• Where is it today?

Haldiram’s has 70% of the total namkeen market share and is the

leader in the organized sweets market and has picked up in the

snack food market of potato chips with Tak-a-Tak. The company

enjoys top of the mind awareness and has a loyal customer base.

The company’s exports are growing at a very positive note and the

company on a daily basis registers a 2-3% growth. The company has

been registering a 15% growth in its total sales every year.

• How did it get here?

Haldiram’s reached its strong position in the market through strict

quality and taste control measures made possible by the

international infrastructure facilities made available for production by

a visionary leader Mr. Manohar Aggarwal. It has come a long way

from its initial “halwai-shop” days and is now on the road to

becoming a corporate organization. It was the first snack food

manufacturer to lay such high priority on quality control and taste

standardization. The company does not believe in getting into the

competitive rat race and is satisfied with its current status in the

industry.

7
1.4 Mission

“Our consistent quality, best packaging strategy, vast market

coverage and experience have given us a cutting edge vis-à-vis our

competitors. Our natural inclination to improve our performance and

quality with each passing year has taken us way ahead of our

nearest competitor. The people at Haldiram’s are very friendly and

sensitive towards the complaints from consumers and traders, which

in fact are a rare occurrence”.

1.5 Awards

• Haldiram’s bagged the prestigious ‘INTERNATIONAL AWARD

FOR FOOD & BEVERAGES’ awarded by Trade Leaders Club in

Barcelona, Spain in 1994.

• The Group has also to its credit ‘KASHALKAR MEMORAIL

AWARD’ presented by All India Food Preservers Association

(Regd.) in 1996 at its Golden Jubilee Celebration for

manufacturing the best quality food products.

• ‘BRAND EQUITY AWARD 1998’ was awarded by Progress

Harmony Development Chamber of Commerce & Industry in

recognition of creating successful Indian Brand ‘HALDIRAM’.

• ‘APEDA EXPORT AWARD 2001-2002’, awarded by

Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development

Authority for the outstanding contribution to the promotion of

Agricultural & Processed Food Products during the year 2001-

2002.

8
 • ‘MERA DELHI AWARD – 2004’ for the exemplary

contribution in the field of export.

1.6 Certifications

Haldiram’s has the following quality certifications:

• ISO 9002

• HACCP

1.7 Exports

Haldiram’s Group had foreseen the growth potential in the fast food

industry, which was growing by leaps and bounds. ‘Namkeens’ was

one of the areas which was most sought after and the company,

without lagging behind, had set up the most modern plant adjacent

to the outlet at Main Mathura Road exclusively for the manufacture of

‘Namkeens’.

This plant was set up in the year 1997 under the stewardship of Mr.

Pankaj Aggarwal, a young, dynamic entrepreneur with a flair for

modern techniques of management, leadership, open vision and

result orientation. Under the leadership of Mr. Pankaj Aggarwal, who

is currently also the Managing Director of Haldiram’s Group, the

packaging, quality and competitive pricing strategies of the company

have become the hall mark of Haldiram’s Namkeen and with the

installation of state-of the-art manufacturing equipment from the

U.S.A, the company has also started manufacturing potato products

9
and has been able to increase its market share amongst stiff

competition from multinational giants such as Frito Lays.

Needless to say, the company is exporting its products to various

parts of the World viz. U.S.A., Canada, U.K., Europe, Middle East, Far

East, Moscow, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Japan,

Thailand, etc. and is on the threshold of penetrating others parts of

the world, thanks to the widespread Indian community in various

parts of the world.

It is encouraging to note that the group is receiving positive enquires

from prospective clients aboard and is quite confident to fully meet

their demand with positive attitude, personalized service and quality

products.

Continuous efforts are being initiated to make sure that Haldiram’s

reaches the untapped markets aboard and earns valuable foreign

exchange for the country.

10
 CHAPTER-2

MARKETING MIX

2.1 Product

Haldiram’s offers a wide range of products to its customers. The

product range includes namkeens, sweets sharbats, bakery items,

dairy products, chips, pappad and ice creams. However namkeens

remain the main area of focus for the group as it contributes close to

60% of its total revenues. By specializing in the manufacturing in the

namkeen market the company has created a niche market. The raw

materials used to prepare namkeens are of best of quality and are

sourced from all over India.

Haldiram’s customizes its products to suit the tastes and preferences

of customers from different parts of India. It launched products,

which catered to the tastes of people belonging to specific regions.

For example it launched ‘Murukkus’ a south Indian Snack and

Chennai Mixture’ for south Indian customers. Similarly Haldiram’s

launched ‘bhelpuri’ keeping in mind customers residing in western

India. The company offered certain products such as ‘Nazarana’,

‘Panchratan’ and ‘Premium’ only during the festival season in gift

packs. These measures have helped Haldiram’s compete effectively

in a market that is flooded with a variety of snack items in different

shapes, sizes & flavors. It has also recently launched biscuits &

cookies.

11
Table 1.2 on the following page shows the list of Haldiram’s products

Table 1.1: Product List

Namkeens

200 Gms 400 Gms

1. Plain Bhujia 1. Plain Bhhujia

2. Bhujia 2. Bhhujia

3. Karanchy Mixture 3. Navrattan

4. Navrattan 4. Khatta Meetha

5. Nut Cracker 5. Masala Moong Dal

6. Khatta Meetha 6. Moong Dal

7. Bombay Mixture 7. Nut Cracker

8. Chana Dal 8. Dal Biji

9. MasalaMoong Dal 9. All in One

10. Moong Dal 10. Aloo Bhhujia

11. Boondi Masala 11. Chana Jor Garam

12. Boondi Plain 12. Kashmiri Mixture

13. Dal Biji 13. Hara Chiwda

14. Ghatia 14. Cornflakes Mixture

15. Kabli Chana 15. Kaju Mixture

16. Bhavnagri Sev 16. Panchrattan

17. Aloo Masala 75 Gms

12
 18. Mathri 1. Bhhujia

19. Samosa 2. Navrattan

20. Bhelpuri 3. Khatta Meetha

21. All in One 4. Moong Dal

22. Aloo Bhhujia 5. Nut Cracker

23. Nimbu Masala 6. Aloo Bhhujia

24. Long Sev 7. Boondi Plain

25. Methi Sev 8. Boondi Masala

26. Peanut Salted 9. Nimbu Masala

27. Peanut Masala 10. Peanut Salted

28. Chana Jor Garam 11. Masala Moong Dal

29. Bombay Chana 30 Gms

30. Kashmiri Mixture 1. Nut Cracker

31. Cornflakes Mixture 2. Peanut Salted

32. Hara Chiwda Mixture 3. Aloo Bhujia

33. Mint Lachha 4. Bhujia

34. Chilli Chatak Lachha 5. Navrattan

35. Kaju Mixture 6. Moong Dal

36. Panchrattan 7. Khatta Meetha

37. Shahi Mixture 8. Nimbu Masala

65 Gms

1. Kahmiri Mixture

2. Cornflakes Mixture

3. Kaju Mixture

13
 Sweets Syrups (700 ML)

1. Rasgulla (1 Kg Tin Pack) 1. Rose Syrup

2. Jamphal (1 Kg Tin Pack) 2. Khus Syrup

3. Cham Cham (1 Kg Tin Pack) 3. Orange Crush

4. Kesar Rasbhari (1 Kg Tin Pack) 4. Pineapple Crush

5. Kalam Petha (1 Kg Tin Pack) 5. Lemon Crush

6. Keasar Ganderi (1 Kg Tin Pack) 6. Mango Crush

7. Raj Bhog (1 Kg Tin Pack) 7. Kala Khatta

8. Dry Petha 8. Badam Kesaria

9. Karachi Halwa (250/500 Gms) 9. Thandai Kesaria

10. Soan Papdi

(250/500/1000 Gms)

11. Soan Cake (250/500

Gms)

Can Packs

Perishable Sweets

1. Moti Choor Ladoo/Boondi Choor 1. Bombay Mixture

Ladoo
2. Aloo Bhujia
2. Plain Burfee
3. Cornflakes Mixture
3. Dhoda Burfee
4. Panchrattan
4. Moong Dal Burfee
5. Khatta Meetha
5. Besan Ladoo
Cookies

14
 6. Atta Ladoo 1. Jeera Cookies (75/300
Gms)
7. Pinni
2. Atta Cookies (75/300
8. Kaju Gunjia Gms)

9. Anjeer Burfee 3. Ajwain Cookies (75/300

Gms)
10. Mix Sweets
4. Coconut Cookies (75/300
11. Mix Sweets 750 Gms Gms)

Gift Packs 5. Butter Badam Cookies

(75/300 Gms)
1. Namkeen Nazrana
6. Kaju Pista Cookies (75/300
2. Sweet Spicy Gms)

3. Meetha Chatpata 7. Choco Chip Cookies (75/300

Gms)
4. Thoda Sa Meetha Thoda Sa
Namkeen Ready To Eat Food
5. Meethe Meethe Pal 1. Panipuri (340 Gms)
6. Double Mazaa 2. Bhelpuri (160/320 Gms)

Pickles Chips

1. Mango Pickle (400/1000 Gms) 1. Classic Salted (400/1000

Gms)
2. Lime Pickle (400/1000 Gms)
2. Pudina (400/1000 Gms)
3. Chilli Pickle (400/1000 Gms)
3. Peprica (400/1000 Gms)
4. Mix Pickle (400/1000 Gms)
4. Mast Masala (400/1000
Gms)

5. Takatak (55/120 Gms)

• Namkeens

Savouries or namkeens, as they are known, is where the Haldiram’s

story began. Savoury snacks have been a part of Indian food habit

15
since ages. They are normally consumed at teatime. The variety is

almost mind-boggling with specialties from all regions, which have

gained national acceptance.

The company has a team of experienced Bikaneri namkeen makers

who employ techniques that have remained unchanged for over two

hundred years. They use the most high quality and original

ingredients. So much so, that even the spices are grinded in special

spice grinders to give that original Bikaneri flavour which no one else

can deliver. Small wonder then that, they have managed to capture a

lion’s share of the market. And today “Haldiram’s” is a name

synonymous with authenticity in namkeen’s.

Sweets

Sweets, which is must for some, an indulgence for others; and for

Haldiram’s another area to establish its superior quality. Haldiram's

sweets have found their way into millions of households and left

behind an after taste of great satisfaction, which is not surprising

because all the sweets here are made traditionally, by expert cooks

using the freshest and purest ingredients each day. After which they

are tested for quality and taste. Haldiram’s sweets are known for

their range too. Delicious sweets like Rasgullas, Jamphal

(GulabJamuns), Raj Bhog, Nargisi Rolls, are hot favourites among

people in India and across the world.

The fact that Haldiram’s sweets are packaged and tinned in

mechanized plants, which gives them a long shelf life of about 12

months, is also of great significance.

16
 Syrups

Imagine a hot summer day and a tall glass of chilled orange crush to

cool you down. Or a glass of hot badam milk for a cold winter night.

Sounds delicious, doesn't it? And Haldiram's range of crushes and

sherbets are another fine example of its plan to diversify and be

present in every sphere of the food market.

2.2 Price

Haldirams offers its products at competitive prices in order to

penetrate the huge unorganized market of namkeens and sweets.

• The company pricing strategy has taken into consideration the

price conscious nature of consumers in India. Haldiram’s has

launched namkeens in small packets of 30 grams, priced as low as

Rs. 5. The company also launched namkeens in 5 different packs

with prices varying according to their weights

• The prices also vary on the basis of the type of namkeens and

the raw materials used to manufacture it. The cost of metallized

packing also has an impact on the price, especially in the case of

snack foods.

• The company revises the prices of its products upwards only

when there is a steep increase in the raw material costs or if

additional taxes are imposed

2.3 Place

17
The Haldiram’s products are distributed all over the country and

outside country also. Haldiram’s is successfully exporting its products

to USA, UK, Australia, Middle East & Far East Countries, Germany,

Philippines, New Zealand, Nepal, Sri Lanka, UAE, France, Spain,

Italy, Holland, Japan, etc., Haldiram’s is an ISO and HACCP Certified

Company and is approved by FDA, USA.

• Haldiram’s has developed a strong distribution network to

ensure the widest possible reach for its products in India as well

as overseas. From the manufacturing unit, the company’s finished

goods are passed on to the carrying & forward (C&F) agent. C&F

agents passes on the products to distributors, who ship them to

retail outlets. While the Delhi unit of Haldiram’s has 25 C&F

agents and 700 distributors in India, the Nagpur unit has 25 C&F

agents and 375 distributors. Haldiram’s also has 35 sole

distributors in the international market. The Delhi and Nagpur

units together cater to 0.6 millions retail outlets in India.

• C&F agents receive a commission of around 5% while

distributors earn margins ranging from 8% to 10%. The retail

outlets earn margins from 14% to 30%. At retail outlet level,

margins vary according to the weight of packs sold. Retailers earn

more margins ranging from 25% to 30% by selling 30gms

pouches (priced at Rs.5) compared to the packs of higher weights.

• Apart from the exclusive showrooms owned by Haldiram’s, the

company offers its products through retail outlets such as

supermarkets, sweet shops, provision stores, bakeries and ice

18
 cream parlors. The products are also available in public places

such as railway stations and bus stations that account for a

sizeable amount of its sales.

• Haldiram’s products enjoy phenomenal goodwill and stockists

compete with each other to stock its products. Moreover sweet

shops and bakeries stock Haldiram’s products despite the fact that

the company’s products compete with their own products.

A. Distribution Channel Structure

Fig 2.1: Outside Delhi

Haldiram’s
Organization

C&F

Distributor

Retailer

Consumers

19
Fig. 2.2: Within Delhi

Haldiram’s
Organization

Distributor

Retailer

Consumers

B. Functions Performed by the Channel Member

• The main functions of different channel members are to supply

goods, to achieve targets and to increase sales.

• One of the main functions of C&F agents is to achieve the

targets assigned to them. They are responsible for all the

activities of their areas.

• Maximum sale of the Haldiram’s products comes from the

Nankeens and other packed products which is nearly Rs.250 crore

yearly.

20
 • The sale of other goods including the sales of its entire outlet is

around Rs.150 crore.

C. Selection of Channel members

Channels members are selected if the following facilities are

available: -

• Godown Facilities

• Experience sale persons.

• Van, truck, three-wheelers for transportation.

• Registered office.

• Proper computer facility for maintaining accounts.

• Financially strong

D. Order processing

• Sales persons of C&F agents and distributors go to the retailers

of their areas and bring the order daily. After that they give

order in the Corporate Office of Haldiram’s in Mathura road to

the general manager. From corporate office general manager

gives order in the factory. (Nodia/Gurgaon/Mathura Road)

• As the order is ready to deliver and on confirming from the

corporate office, the goods are delivered in the trucks.

• Orders within Delhi and the places near Delhi (like Meerut) are

delivered within 24 hours.

21
 • Orders outside Delhi are delivered according to the distance. It

takes from 24 hours to 72 hours.

• Every distributor and C&F agent has a fixed day in a week to

give an order.

• Haldiram’s has its own warehouse, which is managed by its

own staff.

E. Physical movement of the goods

The order of Haldiram’s is delivered by truck. Haldiram’s pays the

expenses for transportation of the goods.

2.4 Promotion

Haldiram’s product promotion had been low key until competition

intensified in the snack foods market. The company tied with ‘Profile

Advertising’ for promoting its products. Attractive posters, brochures

and mailers are designed to enhance the visibility of the Haldiram’s

brand.

• Different varieties of posters are designed to appeal to the

masses. The punch line for Haldiram’s products was ‘Always in

good taste’. Advertising depicting the entire range of Haldiram’s

sweets and namkeens were published in the print media

(magazines and newspapers). These advertisements had captions

such as ‘millions of tongues cant go wrong’, ‘what are you waiting

for, Diwali??’ and ‘Keeping your taste buds on their toes’.

22
• To increase the visibility of the Haldiram’s brand, the company

has placed its hoardings in high traffic areas such as train stations

and bus stations. Posters are designed for display on public

transport vehicles such as buses and hoardings.

• Captions are developed that focus on individual products such

as ‘yeh corn hai’ (this is corn), ‘chota samosa – big mazaa’ (small

samosa- big entertainment) ‘yeh kashmiri mix khoob jamega’ and

‘oozing with taste’ (fro Rasgoolas) promoted individual products .

• Special brochures are designed for those customers who want

to know more about Haldiram’s products. The brochures describe

the products and give information about the ingredients used to

make those products. Mailers are also sent to loyal customers and

important corporate clients as a token of appreciation for their

patronage.

• Packaging is an important aspect of Haldiram’s product

promotion. Since namkeens are impulse purchase items,

attractive packaging in different colors influences purchases.

Haldiram’s uses the latest technology (food items were packed in

nitrogen filled pouches) to increase the shelf life of its products.

While the normal shelf life of a similar product is under a week,

the shelf life Haldiram’s product is about six months. The company

projects the shelf life of its products as its unique selling

proposition.

• Posters highlighting the shelf life of its products carried the

caption ‘six months on the shelf and six seconds in your mouth’.

23
• During festival season, Haldiram’s products are sold in

attractive looking special gift packs.

• The showrooms and retail outlets of Haldiram’s give

importance to the point of purchase (POP) displays. Haldiram’s

snacks are displayed on special racks, usually outside retail

outlets. The showrooms has sign boards displaying mouthwatering

delicacies with captions such as ‘Chinese Delight’, ‘Simply South’,

‘The king of all chats.’ Posters containing a brief account of the

history of Haldiram’s along with pictures of its products are also

displayed at these showrooms.

• Haldiram’s has also diversified into the restaurant business to

cash on its brand image. The company has established 6

restaurants overall in India. The restaurant at Nagpur devised an

innovative strategy to increase its business. It facilitated people

who were traveling by train to order food from places where

stockists of Haldiram’s, Nagpur unit were located. The customer

could order for lunch/dinner by sending a demand draft or a

cheque to the Nagpur unit or giving the same to specified local

distributors belonging to the Nagpur unit. Along with the

DD/Cheque, customers had to provide information such as the

same name of the train, its likely time of arrival at Nagpur, their

names and coach and seat numbers.

• Haldiram’s restaurants in Delhi also use innovative ways to

attract customers. The restaurants located at Mathura and Lajpat

Nagar have special play area for children.

24
 • To cater to NRI’s and foreign tourists, who hesitate to consume

snack foods sold by the roadside vendors since they do not

prepare the foods in a hygienic manner, Haldiram’s restaurant

uses specially purified water to make snack foods including ‘pani

puri’ & ‘chat paapri’.

These promotional strategies have helped Haldiram’s to compete

effectively with the local restaurant chains such as Nathus,

Bikanerwala and Agarwals and with western fast food chains such as

Mc Donald’s and Pizza Hut.

A. Advertising Strategy

Haldiram’s advertisements have traditionally been copy heavy for

various reasons and do not have any face, known or otherwise,

attached to them. They are graphic heavy as well with extremely

vibrant use of colour. Its advertisements earlier had a mature

approach with the base line “Always in good taste”, but of late due to

a shift in target audience the base line of the advertisements too has

been changed to “Every zuban pe”. This year, an otherwise

conservative company, it has upped ad budgets by more than 60%

to Rs 1 crore - still a far cry though from Lays which spends over Rs

30 crore annually. But these ads were for what it calls its `new

generation products' - chips, funchees, masala balls and Taka-tak.

a) Visual (Typography, Layout)

Haldiram’s typography contains a very stylized and sophisticated font

style, which conveys the image and the personality of the brand.

25
The layout is picture heavy with extensive use of colour so as to

make the advertisement attractive and tempting, which is true of any

food advertisement.

b) Verbal (Copy Style)

Initial advertising of the brand contained long copy but this

phenomenon has recently changed as the company is now going in

for a very precise and clear form of communication in an informal

manner.

c) Attitudinal

Haldiram’s advertisements are not attitudinal in nature but are rather

formal and mature. This trend is steadily converting into a more

informal, relaxed and ‘hinglish’ style.

26
 CHAPTER-3

THE BRAND

3.1 Introduction

The food industry in India is forever changing to suit their

consumers’ palate, preference and pocket. All the players in the

industry thus, have to constantly adapt to the ever-changing trends

and invent and re-invent themselves to stay in the league.

Haldiram’s competes on the basis of numerous factors including

brand recognition due to distinct packaging, product quality,

traditional taste and authentic Indian flavour. The company’s timely

introduction of new products and line extension has played a major

part in the buying behaviour of consumers as well.

A word of caution for the company though is that it should

concentrate on its branding activities, which will be its saving grace

in the future. As the competition toughens the only thing to see a

company through would be its ability to adapt to change, share of

space and share of voice in the market.

Figure 3.1 on the following page shows the ‘Eleven Brand Definitions’

27
Fig 3.1: Eleven Brand Definitions

BRAND PRODUCT

BRAND
EQUITY

BRAND
PROPERT BRAND
Y NAME

BRAND
MNEMON BRAND
HALDIRAM’S
IC CORE
VALUE

BRAND BRAND
POSITION
ING
CHARAC
TER
BRAND
BRAND
PERSONA
POSITION
LITY

28
3.2 Eleven Brand Definitions

a) Product

Haldiram’s products are traditional high quality Indian sweets,

namkeens and snack food items at a premium yet affordable price.

They were the first in India to use state-of-the-art technology for

manufacturing traditional Indian snack items thus setting quality

standards and improving the shelf life of the products as well.

b) Brand

When it comes to sweets, namkeens and snack food items,

Haldiram’s is a name trusted across the Indian sub-continent. It is a

name associated with high quality and traditional taste.

c) Brand Name

The brand name Haldiram’s came from the owner’s forefathers and

one thing is clear, the name has been chosen on a purely personal

basis. What was chosen as a name for the company decades ago has

today revolutionized the way we look at the ethnic snack food

industry.

d) Brand Core Values

Haldiram’s brand core values are quality, taste, variety, traditional

and very Indian.

29
e) Brand Character

The brand character of Haldiram’s that distinguishes it from its main

competitor FRITO LAYS is its ‘traditional Indian taste’.

f) Brand Personality

It is not the brand alone but the manner in which the brand presents

its characteristics. Haldiram’s depicts the personality of a man, who

is rooted in his tradition out of choice and not compulsion. He is very

Indian in his tastes, choices and behavior and puts a high premium

on quality as well.

g) Brand Position

This refers to the consumers’ placement of a company vis-à-vis its

competitors. Haldiram’s has also been rated as the second fastest

growing FMCG Company in India, has 70% of the total market share

in the namkeens category and is posing to be the biggest threat to

the multinational giant FRITO LAYS in the snack food market. As far

as the sweets and namkeens are concerned it is the undisputed

leader in the organized sector.

Its position in terms of pricing is premium yet affordable. It enjoys

top of the mind recall and awareness in its target audience but this

could very easily be subverted if the company does not bring into

place strong branding strategies immediately.

30
h) Brand Positioning

Haldiram’s has uniquely positioned its brand. It has positioned itself

as a premium segment product available to all those who can afford

it. It is in not perceived to be cheap but does offer good value for

money giving high priority to quality and taste standardization

throughout its outlets, which are suitably located in posh areas of the

city. Initially the brand catered only to the 35+ category with its

positioning statement “Always in good taste” but lately the company

has started to target kids and teenagers as well with a hinglish

baseline “Every zuban pe”.

Haldirams has also gained an edge over its competitors by

minimizing promotion costs. Haldirams once was just another sweet

maker but it had moved into trained brands by improving the product

quality and packaging. Through its clever products & brilliant

distribution it has moved into the star category of brands.

i) Mnemonic

Whenever one things of a brand, the first thing that comes to the

mind that reminds us of just the brand and not the features attached

to it is considered as the mnemonic for that brand. In Haldiram’s

case it is not available as yet but is under consideration. For the time

being the logo itself could be taken as the mnemonic for the brand.

j) Brand Property

It is the memory device, which not only reminds the consumers of

the brand name but also its core values. In case of Haldiram’s the

31
brand property would be its red and white stylized logo and its base

line “Every zuban pe” which is reminiscent of the fact that the brand

is an established one with top of the mind recall.

k) Brand Equity

In case of Haldiram’s the brand equity is its 70% holding of the

entire market for namkeens, its undisputed leadership in the sweets

category and also top of the mind recall amongst the target

audiences’ vis-à-vis the competitors in the sweets and namkeen

market achieved through decades of quality and taste control

measures. The taste that Haldiram’s provides through its products is

very Indian and yet it maintains international quality standards.

32
 CHAPTER 4

SWOT ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction

A. Strengths

• Haldiram’s has a large product basket for the customers to

choose from. One of the biggest reasons for their namkeen

segment succeeding is the continuous updation of their product

range.

• Their brand is associated with tradition and quality.

• Their products are known among the most hygienic products

available in this segment.

• Their packaging is attractive and innovative which makes for

easy discernment of their products on the shelves, is safe and

keeps contents fresh for long.

• Their production processes are semi-automated and by

using state of the art technology they have been able to increase

the shelf life of their products from one week to six months.

• They are the undisputed market leaders in the namkeen

segment.

33
 • Haldiram’s has been able to build its brand today on the

basis of word of mouth publicity, which has actually taken a lot of

people by surprise.

• Approval by FDA-HACCP, ISO 9002 and SPA stand testimony

to the emphasis that Haldiram’s lays on the high quality for its

products.

• Haldiram’s is aggressively trying to capture the international

markets by customizing its products and packaging according to

foreign tastes.

• Though a large percentage of their consumers are middle-

aged customers who are fond of namkeens, yet they are

successfully catering to all age groups and sections of society.

• By launching small packets of their diverse namkeen

products, they have successfully penetrated the rural markets.

• Online selling of their products through indiatimes.com

B. Weaknesses

• Haldiram’s doesn’t lay emphasis on the need to carry out

market surveys either to know the consumer needs or their

feedback.

• Haldiram’s started advertising its products too late, as it is

not a firm believer in big marketing budgets and lavish promos

because of which they might have lost the initial advantage.

34
 • The Company has no policies on Corporate Social

Responsibility and environmental norms, which may affect their

Goodwill in the long run.

• The Haldiram group consists of three concerns that are

independent of each other and also there is a lack of collaboration

between the three concerns, which affects the reputation of the

company and is a hindrance in its growth.

• The company is not as cash rich as its competitors, which

gives its competitors an edge.

• Company portfolio does not include western snack foods

C. Opportunities

• Though till now, Haldiram's presence in the western snack

foods segment is restricted to potato chips. It has plans to market

convenience food products in the ready-to-eat format, such as

paneer, pulao, dal and vegetables.

• If the company starts associating itself with other brands, it will

help strengthen the brand image and bring in larger profits.

• Haldiram’s doesn’t have any special namkeen for the kids and

teenagers segment, which is a huge potential target market.

• Diversifying the namkeen product line further through constant

innovation.

35
 • Greater scope to increase market share and profits as they

have just started advertising. Opportunity to go into radio

advertising leading to greater rural penetration.

• To cut into the unbranded sector by reducing prices to capture

value conscious customers.

• Having a premium product line to capture high-end consumers.

D. Threats

• A large number of competitors have started entering this

segment which might erode the market share of Haldiram’s. For

example companies like Frito Lay’s, ITC, etc, which is cash rich

companies, can actually undercut Haldiram’s profits as they can

afford to reduce their prices.

• As there are three concerns under the Haldiram’s group, the

quality standards differ substantially and any irresponsibility on

the part of any one concern will have a negative impact on all the

three as they share the same brand name.

• Competitors such as MTR, Tasty Bites and ITC have already

entered the western snack food market and taken the initial

advantage whereas except for potato chips, Haldiram’s is still

considering entering this segment.

• If Haldiram’s doesn’t realize the importance of aggressive

advertising, its competitors will cut into its market share as they

do advertise on a large scale.

36
• Competition from local restaurants cum sweet shops.

• High market presence and share of the unorganized sector.

37
4.2 SWOT Matrix – 1 (Figure 4.1)

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES • Existing customer base • Opportunity to

largely middle-aged spread the brand name

people, with an and increase market

opportunity to tap kids share through

and teenager segment aggressive advertising,

using their brand name. which they haven’t yet

resorted to.
• Ability to use superior

technology, brand name • By integrating all

and packaging techniques the three concerns

to cut into the unbranded under the group,

sector. Haldiram’s can

eliminate brand

fragmentation and

increase its profits.

THREATS • Overcoming • Conflict between

competition by utilizing concerns resulting in

their wide variety of cutting into each

products. other’s market share.

• Lack of

transparency in the

organization, which

may cause difficulty in

raising funds for further

expansion.

• Lack of Corporate

Social Responsibility

(CSR), which may

38
 affect the Goodwill of

the organization.

4.3 SWOT Matrix – 2 (Fig 4.2)

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

1. Variety 1.Market Surveys

2. Brand Image 2.Started advertising too late

3. Hygienic 3.No policies on CSR

4. Packaging 4.Lack of collaboration between

the three concerns
5. Technology
5.Not cash rich as it’s competitors
6. Market Leader

7. Word of mouth publicity

8. Quality

9. Exports

10.Wide consumer base

11.Rural penetration

12.Online selling

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

1.Western snack foods segment 1.Large number of competitors

2.Associating with other brands 2. Three concerns affecting each

other’s image.
3.Kids and teenagers segment
3. Competitors have already
4.Diversifying further entered the western snack foods
market.
5.Radio advertising
4. Lack of aggressive advertising.

39
40
 CHAPTER-5

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS

OF HALDIRAM’S NAMKEENS

Ever since the Indian consumer started showing an interest in the

branded and packaged namkeens, there has been a spurt in the

number of players in this segment. Haldiram’s is the undisputed

leader in this segment. But today the consumers have a lot of

options and variety to choose from and so a consumer survey is

imperative to study the buying trends and patterns.

The objectives of the undertaken study are to analyze:

• The most favorable choice of namkeens

• Factors influencing buying behavior

• Type of Buying behavior

• Brand loyalty

• Substitutability of the product

• Future expectations of the buyers

5.1 Research Methodology

A 16 point questionnaire was prepared and then the survey was

carried out by asking consumers to fill up the same. The survey was

carried out in the Alaknanda area of Delhi and mainly targeted the

41
middle class. The research approach that’s been used is the ‘Survey

Research’. Except for a couple of questions, all the rest are open-

ended questions to make the questionnaire filling process simpler for

the consumer. The contact method that’s been used is the ‘intercept

personal interview’.

5.2 Demographics

The sample size of the survey is 32. The age group bracket covered

is from 15-20 years onwards and goes up to greater than 50 years.

Out of the 32 respondents covered the majority, i.e. 12 in this case,

belonged to the 25-30 age group bracket.

Of the 32 respondents, 16 are single and 16 are married. Hence,

according to the survey, this product is applicable for all stages of

the Family Life Cycle.

42
5.3 Analysis

The following chart shows the distribution of the respondents

according to the age group:

Age Profile of Re spondents

m ore than 50
6% 15-20
6%
41-50 21-24
9% 19%

31-40
22%

25-30
38%

A. Consumption Patterns

Do you consume Haldiram's products?

NO
9%

YES
91%

In response as to whether or not they consumed Haldiram’s

products, 29 of the 32 answered in the positive, which translates into

43
almost 91% of the sample size. This establishes the superiority and

awareness of the product among the people. Also another interesting

point observed was that the three who didn’t consume Haldiram’s

products weren’t actually averse to Haldiram’s products but did not

consume them because they either didn’t consume namkeens

generally or had some medical constraints.

Namkeen Consumption

OTHERS 7
MTR 3
Brand

BIKANER 14
LEHAR 21
LAYS 21
HALDIRAM'S 29

0 10 20 30 40
No. of Respondents

Pr e fe r L o cal Sn ack s ?

Y ES
34%

NO
66%

44
 • Another point that came across was that when questioned

about the consumption of other brands, the closest competition

for Haldiram’s came form Lehar and Lays as 21 of the surveyed

people consumed these too. Also only 34% preferred local snacks

when compared to branded snacks which shows that the branded

snacks segment is cutting into the unbranded segment.

H a v e b e e n c o n s u m in g H a ld ira m 's s in c e .......

1- 3 y ears
31 %

6mths - 1 y ear
10%

le s s tha n 6 mths greater than 3

0% y rs
59%

les s than 6 mths6mths - 1 y ear1-3 y ear s gr eater than 3 y rs

B. Brand Loyalty

• 59% of the respondents have been consuming Haldiram’s

namkeens for over 3 years while 31% have been consuming it for

between 1-3 years. With the arrival of so many competitors on

the scene, even a period of year is long enough to prove brand

loyalty which is established very firmly in this case. Thus the

chances of the substitutability of the Haldiram’s namkeens by any

other brand seem to be rather low as there has been no switching

of brands by any of these respondents. Those who have tried it

have maintained their loyalty towards it.

45
• This is again re-iterated by the following chart, which depicts

the perceived change in the quality of Haldiram’s namkeens by

the consumer.

Comparison of quality ov er the period of use

16
14
No. of Respondents

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Significantly Better Neutral Worse Significantly
Better Worse

• None of the respondents subscribed to the view that the quality

of Haldiram’s namkeens has got worse. They were either neutral

or found it to be better/significantly better than before. This might

be one of the reasons for the strong brand loyalty.

C. Buying Roles

The Influencer

Friends 10
Neighbours 1
Relatives 1
Family 14
A ds 1
Self 18
0 5 10 15 20
No. of Re s ponde nts

46
• On the basis of the chart above, it is evident that when it

comes to buying namkeens people tend not to get influenced by

others. They rely on their own sense of judgement to buy

namkeens. However in some cases the family members tend to

influence the buying patterns of the buyer. Hence in this case

there seems to be a vacuum when it comes to the role of the

‘Influencer’. Because of this the respondent himself also usually

plays the role of the ‘Decider’.

• Another interesting observation is that only 1 respondent of the

32 considered advertisements as being influential while buying.

This correlates with Herzberg’s two-factor theory as the

absence of advertisements may have led to dissatisfaction among

the consumers but its presence doesn’t seem to have had any

significant impact on the satisfaction or buying trends of the

consumer.

D. Fact

Factors affecting purchase of

Namkeens

Packaging
Factors

Quality

Price

0 5 10 15 20 25
No. of Re s ponde nts

ors Influencing Buying Behaviour of Namkeens

47
• Consumers gave the highest priority to the taste of the

namkeens as compared to the other factors. Quality came in a

close second on their priority list. What came, as a surprise was

that none of the respondents considered packaging as part of

their selection criteria, on which Haldiram’s usually lays so much

stress.

Feature Preference(s)

30
25
No. of Respondants

20
15
10
5
0
Variety Food Taste & Hygiene Nutritional Price Packaging
Quality Value

Very Important Important Somew hat Important Least Important Not at all Important

• Again when asked to rate the importance level of six factors,

the results were interesting as most of the respondents

considered ‘Packaging’ as only somewhat important. Also the

opinion on the price feature was divided as some of them

considered it being important while some others considered it

somewhat important and some even didn’t find it important.

The strongest factors that influenced the buyer while

48
 purchasing namkeens were Food taste and quality and

Hygiene. The majority of the respondents rated these two

factors as being ‘Very Important’.

Apart from this consumers also considered ‘Variety’ as an

‘Important’ factor while buying Namkeens. Nutritional value didn’t

seem to have much of an effect on the buying trends as opinion

here again seems to be divided.

I find Haldiram's price...

Very High Very Low Low

3% 0% 0%

High
41%

Reasonable
56%

• With respect to Haldiram’s it was found that 56% of the

respondents considered the price to be reasonable. However

41% also considered it to be high. This confusion is however

solved when viewed in the light of the following graph that

analyses the rating of various factors.

I find Haldiram's Namkeens nutritional

value...
Rating of factors influencing buying behaviour for Haldiram's
30 27
Respondants

95
Total Score

20
No. of

90
85
80 10 5
0
Packaging
0Variety Price
49
Quality Hygiene Taste
Factor
Minimal Adequate Healthy
score for each factor has been computed by multiplying the rating

with the corresponding number of respondents. Here again the

same trend of hygiene and taste being given the highest priority is

reiterated. The confusion relating to the price factor is solved as

‘Price’ gets the least priority among the people surveyed. Hence

people don’t mind paying for Haldiram’s namkeens as long as they

get a tasty and hygienic product as value for their money. Once

again Packaging, which is a top priority for Haldiram’s, fails to get

top priority among the consumers and finishes fifth on the priority

list. This can be correlated to Herzberg’s two-factor theory. The

absence of good packaging may lead to dissatisfaction among the

consumers but the presence of it does not seem to create any

particular satisfaction among the consumer.

50
• When it comes to then nutritional value of Haldiram’s

namkeens, 84% of the respondents felt that the nutritional value

was minimal while none of them felt that it was healthy. But

Do you buy Haldiram's gift packages?

YES
44%
NO
56%

despite this the average consumer still prefers to buy Haldiram’s

namkeens thereby proving that the lack of sufficient nutritional

value isn’t a deterrent in purchasing their namkeens.

• Haldiram’s attaches a lot of value to its gift packages offered

during the festive season. However, 56% of the respondents

didn’t buy such packages. This shows that the gift packages

being offered don’t play such an important role on the buying

behaviour of the consumer.

E. Type of Buying Behavior

Signifiacnce Difference between

Haldiram's and other brands?

No
31%

51 Yes
69%
 • When asked to whether they found any significance difference

between Haldiram’s and any other brand, 69% are of the view

that there does exist a significant difference. Also a product like

namkeens involves low involvement levels while buying. Thus it

can concluded that buying behaviour of the consumers of

Haldiram’s namkeens is the ‘Variety-seeking buying

behaviour’. This translates into a positive for Haldiram’s, as the

consumers, in spite of trying different brands, seem to be coming

back to Haldiram’s.

F. Future Expectations of The Consumers

The survey also sought to know as to what the consumers expect in

the future from Haldiram’s Namkeens and otherwise. Many creative

ideas came out. With regard to Namkeens, people are looking

forward to popcorn, cheese balls, much more variety in the wafers,

banana chips, roasted nuts, etc… Many of the respondents are

seeking low calorie namkeens from Haldiram’s and there is also a

demand for many more varieties in bhujia’s. The minimal nutrition

levels do not seem to be affecting the buying trends of the

consumers right now; but as people are becoming more and more

health conscious, in the future consumers might be looking forward

to low calorie namkeens and snacks from Haldiram’s. Apart from the

Namkeens segment, the consumers in general are looking forward to

products like masalas, milk and milk related products, ice creams,

etc… from Haldiram’s.

52
 CHAPTER-6

COMPETITION ANALYSIS

6.1 Introduction

To retain and expand its market share for higher profitability a

company must understand it’s competitive environment. It must

know its competitors, their strategies, the strengths and their

weaknesses.

The major objectives of this comparison are to:

• Analyze Haldiram’s competition (in Namkeens Segment) from

an industry and marketing point of view

• Analyze the intrinsic long run profit attractiveness through

Porter’s 5 force model

• Formulation of competitive strategies

• Study the designing of competitive strategies

6.2 Competitors of Haldiram’s (in Namkeen

Segment)

The following are the major competitors of Haldiram’s:

• Frito Lays

• Bikano

53
 • Nirrula

• Agarwal sweets

• MTR

• Unorganized Sector

However the comparison is restricted to Frito Lays, as this is the

closest competitor of Haldiram’s.

6.3 Levels of Competition

This analysis covers all four levels of competition for Haldiram’s:

Brand, Industry, Form and Generic.

Table 6.1: Levels of Competition

Brand Bikano, Nirrula, Agarwal sweets, Frito

Lays, MTR, Lehar, Unorganized Sector.

Industry Differentiated Oligopoly

Form Traditional snacks like Samosa, Kachori,

etc., Burgers, Pizzas, Salty Biscuits,

Bakery Items

Generic Any product competing for the same of

amount consumer dollars

54
A. Brand Competition

Brand Competition includes other companies offering similar products

and services to the same customers at similar prices. Here, the brand

competition would be all the companies selling Namkeens along the

same lines as Haldiram’s. Because of this brands like Bikano, Frito

Lays, etc… and the unorganized sector are considered as brand

competitors.

B. Industry Competition:

The namkeens industry is essentially made up of a few players

producing the same product partially differentiated along the lines of

quality, styling and services. This means that the namkeens industry

follows the pattern of ‘Differentiated Oligopoly’.

C. Form Competition:

Form competition essentially means that competitors who produce

products that supply the same service. In case of Haldiram’s

Namkeens, it faces stiff competition from traditional snacks like

samosas, kachoris etc. and others like salty biscuits, pizzas, burger

and bakery items as people tend to substitute namkeens very easily

with these products.

D. Generic competition

Generic competition essentially includes those companies competing

for the same amount consumer money. In case of Haldiram’s, it

includes all edible products in the same price range

55
6.4 Porter’s Five Forces Model

Porter’s five forces determine the intrinsic long-run profit

attractiveness of a market or a market segment. The following is the

analysis of this model with respect to Haldiram’s:

1) Threat of Intense Segment Rivalry (Industry Competitors)

Haldiram’s did not face any intense segment rivalry in the initial

stages and some time after that, but the last few years have seen a

lot of players entering the namkeens/snack food segment. This has

led to various new products being introduced by all. Variety and

higher quality standards have been set & the companies are

competing with each other to grab a larger market share in this

segment and hence there is evident segment rivalry. The primary

and potential threat that appears to Haldiram’s is from the

unorganized segment with its lower pricing and variety in the

products.

2) Threat of New Entrants

There is a threat of new entrants especially from the unorganized

sector that has lesser quality pressures. The entry and exit barriers

are both low leading to stable returns, therefore big companies may

enter this segment looking for a quick profit.

3) Threat of Substitute Products

Threat of substitute products arises from the ability of the consumer

to substitute namkeens by other things that suit him. For example

56
ice creams, biscuits, bakery products. Like wise and outing for burger

and other fast food items may also substitute for namkeens. The

players have to monitor prices closely as a fall in the prices of these

substitute products may lead to a price cut in the namkeen segment

as well.

4) Threat of Buyer’s Growing Bargaining Power

There’s no threat of buyers’ growing bargaining power, as it doesn’t

represent a significant portion of the buyers’ cost. The buyers do not

seem to be very price sensitive and nor are they more concentrated

(buyers are distributed across a wide geographical region in the

country) or organized.

5) Threat of Supplier’s Growing Bargaining Power

Suppliers are unorganized and there are a lot of substitutes available

to the company. Moreover the number of suppliers being large and

the size of the suppliers being very small as compared to the

company, the company is in a strong bargaining position. Hence

there is no such threat of suppliers’ growing bargaining power.

57
Figure 6.1 on the following page shows the ‘Porter’s 5 Force s Model’
with respect to Haldiram’s
Fig 6.1: Porter’s Potential Entrants
Five Forces Model
(for Namkeen
• Low entry and exit
segment)
barriers
• Stable return
• Industry Growth rate
• Economies of scale
• Incumbents’ defense
of market share

Suppliers Industry Competitors Buyers

• Many competitive • Good market growth • Product doesn’t

suppliers rate represent significant
• Low costs to switch • Market equilibrium fraction of buyers’
suppliers intact cost
• Size small as • Low exit cost. • Price sensitivity is
compared to company • Frequent innovation low.
making it expensive to • Buyers are distributed
compete and not organized
• Presence of strong and
aggressive competitors

Substitutes

• Lot of substitutes for

namkeens
• Price trends have to be
monitored closely
(threat of form
competition)

58
6.5 Customer Value Analysis

A. Haldiram’s

Haldiram’s being the market leader offers enormous benefits to its

customers. On the basis of the consumer behavior survey, the

highest benefit that Haldiram’s offers is by way of hygiene and taste.

Another big strength of Haldiram’s, which a factor rated pretty high

by the consumers, was Packaging. By providing fresh and tight

packaging Haldiram’s ensures that their consumers can use it for a

longer period of time. Another benefit that Haldiram’s offers is the

immense variety in their product line. In fact in the namkeens

segment itself Haldiram’s offers about 40+ varieties and ensures that

this benefit stays on by constantly innovating and coming out with

new types of namkeens. The best part is that they offer traditional

snacks rather than modern snacks, which go down very well with the

Indian consumer.

B. Frito Lays

According to the consumer behavior survey, the consumers rated

packaging the highest thereby signifying that this is one of the best

benefits that the consumers get from Frito Lays. Apart from that

price and quality were the other benefits that the consumers got

from Frito Lays. The biggest benefit is the availability of the product

as it is a product is of Pepsi Foods and hence is backed up by a string

distribution network. However it’s on the variety factor that they

actually pale in comparison with Haldiram’s.

59
6.6 Types of Competitive Strategies

From the information based on the consumer survey, out of 32

people 28 consumed Haldiram’s products. Since 91% of responses

indicate consumption of Haldiram’s products, we conclude that

Haldiram’s is the market leader in the namkeens segment. In the

consumer survey that we had done, hygiene and taste had come out

as the highest priority factors that influence the buying behavior.

Haldiram’s adopts the following market leader strategies.

A. Market leader strategies adopted by Haldiram’s

a) Increasing the total market share

Being a market leader, one of Haldiram’s strategies has been to

solicit new users for their products. They have done this by targeting

the NRI’s living abroad and exporting their namkeens there. This in

turn has also helped create awareness about their product among

the non-NRI’s abroad. Its foray into the foreign markets has been

carefully strategised as in the customization of its products. Apart

from this, they have also penetrated the rural markets quiet

effectively by bringing out their products in small, affordable packets.

All these new markets have helped consolidate Haldiram’s position as

a market leader.

b) Defending Market Share:

To protect its position as market leader, Haldiram’s makes use of two

defense strategies: Position Defense and Mobile Defense.

60
1) Position Defense

Haldiram’s has built for itself quite a superior brand image,

making it extremely difficult for its competitors to break this

image. Thus the competitors have to put in extra efforts to create

a brand much more superior than Haldiram’s.

2) Mobile Defense

This involves the leader stretching its domain over new territories

that can serve as future centers for defense and offense. Under

this defense, Haldiram’s follows the ‘Market Broadening’ mobile

defense. The recent establishment of their Nagpur plant shows

that they are now concentrating on the Southern region. Also their

foray into the international market and their deeper penetration

into the rural market coupled with the introduction of their new

product range like syrups, pickles, etc.

3) Counteroffensive Defense:

When Haldiram’s had started its business there were very few

other players in the market. That brought in complacency in

Haldiram’s as far as advertising of its products was concerned.

The popularity of Haldiram’s has till date spread through the word

of mouth. Now with new competitors coming in and advertising

their products aggressively Haldiram’s has realized the need to

advertise its own products and has lately forayed into TV

advertisement. Thus Haldiram’s has followed counter offensive

defense as in it has responded to the competitors attack.

61
c) Expanding Market Share

1) Haldiram’s

Over the years, Haldiram’s has been diversifying its product line

and entering newer markets. This has resulted in considerably

expanding the market share of Haldiram’s, thus also substantially

increasing their products.

2) Frito Lays

With regard to the namkeens segment, Frito Lays is a relatively

new player when compared to Haldiram’s. In fact according to the

consumer behavior survey that we had carried out, out of the 32

respondents, 29 of them consumed Haldiram’s while only 21 of

them consumed Haldiram’s. This shows that Lays still has to go a

long way if it wants to be the market leader. Haldiram’s has a

very strong brand loyalty. Hence the strategy currently being

adopted by Lays is that of a ‘Market Challenger’.

B. Market Challenger Strategy adopted by Frito Lays

a) Flank Attack

The strategy being adopted by Lays currently is that of a flank

attack. One of the main points of a flank attack is that the enemy’s

weak points are a natural target. One of the biggest weaknesses of

Haldiram’s has been advertising. Most of the publicity has been word

of mouth for Haldiram’s. But Lays, being a product of Pepsi Foods,

didn’t have any problem on this front and in fact has a strong

advertising campaign to back it up. Also with an extensive

62
distribution network, it has been able to penetrate the Indian market

in areas that probably even Haldiram’s has not been able too.

6.7 Share of Market, Mind and Heart

Haldiram’s has got the biggest share of mind market because

generally it is the first name that comes to the mind of the

consumers when namkeens are mentioned. This is re-iterated by the

fact that in the consumer behavior survey, 91% of the respondents

actually consumed Haldiram’s as compared to the other brands. Thus

the market share of Haldiram’s coincides with the mind share mainly

because of the high level of market penetration and the word of

mouth publicity that the brand enjoys. Haldiram’s has become a

household name today because of the variety of products it offers,

the taste and the good quality of the products, innovative and

packaging has also helped in building the brand image. Haldiram’s

has also got the biggest share of heart because most of the people

prefer consuming Haldiram’s products. A large share of heart predicts

a high market share in the future. Thus Haldiram’s enjoys a good

share of heart and mind along with the biggest market share. This

would help Haldiram’s in retaining its share in the market in the

future.

63
 CHAPTER-7

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

The market is clogged with dominant players such as Frito-Lay India,

PepsiCo’s snack foods arm, which has almost brought in a snack-chip

revolution in the country, Haldiram’s and the Delhi-based snack-

food-retailer Bikanervala Foods Pvt Ltd etc. Even the dairy major

Mother Dairy has a presence in the category. With the entry of

companies such as ITC and HLL into this industry, it is getting tough

for companies such as Haldiram’s who till now have not paid serious

attention to its branding activities.

Increased media exposure, ever increasing purchasing power of the

target audience coupled with their desire to spend more on eating

out due to lifestyle changes will fuel the demand for snack food items

and only those companies which have a considerable share of voice

and space in the market will be able to survive. Haldiram’s has the

capability of meeting these demands and only requires a certain

revision in its strategies to be able to do so successfully, which it

already has begun to consider.

7.1 Media Mix

Haldiram’s should aim at constructing a comprehensive media mix.

• It could venture into corporate tie-ups at its various outlets.

64
 • Set up mini outlets inside the multinational office

complexes.

• Cash in on the call center wave and have tie-ups with

business process outsourcing companies.

• Undertake catering at get together, wedding and kitty

parties for women who form a chunk of its target audience.

• Conduct road shows on various campuses nation wide.

Whatever tools and methods the company chooses to employ,

interactive communication should be given high priority.

7.2 ‘Consumer Behaviour Analysis’ (Chapter 5)

• Consumers have started increasing their consumption of other

brand items which is evident from the fact that 29 of the 32

respondents eat Haldiram’s Namkeens while a close 21 each eat

products of Lays and Lehar. However local snacks seem to be

losing their hold on the consumers mainly because of their lack of

stress on hygiene and quality. However, consumers seem to be

very loyal towards the brand called Haldiram’s primarily because

of the high priority they give to taste, quality and hygiene as is

evident from the statistics mentioned above.

• Another interesting finding that is that in the absence of the

role of the ‘Influencer’, the roles of the ‘Decider’ and ‘User’ seem

to be shared by the same person.

65
 • The consumers have given top priority to ‘Food taste and

Quality’ and ‘Hygiene’. Haldiram’s needs to be appreciated for

having pioneered these factors in the packaged namkeens

segment. However, to retain their stronghold on existing

consumers and attract new consumers, Haldiram’s needs to

maintain and even improve these standards.

• One aspect, however, that Haldiram’s needs to focus on is their

price. 41% found it to be ‘High’. Haldiram’s needs to focus on this

factor as any reduction in the price cut by it’s competitors may

influence the buyer to drift towards another brand.

• Overall, Haldiram’s is undoubtedly the most favored namkeen

of the consumers and this is established by one of the findings

whereby 91% of the total respondents actually consume

Haldiram’s.

7.3 ‘Competition Analysis’ (Chapter 6)

• There are no two ways about the fact that when it comes to the

namkeens segment Haldiram’s is way ahead of its competitors. It

has a very strong brand loyalty, which is what makes the task of

its competitors even more difficult. However with the entry of

Lays, MTR into this segment and the prior presence of Bikano in

this segment the competition has really heated up and the market

share is gradually being grabbed by various players. Hence its

important for Haldiram’s to keep innovating and concentrating on

66
its strengths – quality and taste in order to further consolidate its

position as a market leader in the namkeens segment.

• Another thing that Haldiram’s has to be wary about is the

immense form competition that it faces. Namkeens is a

consumable, which can be easily substituted. There are various

substitutes like salty biscuits, bakery items but the biggest threat

that it faces is the traditional snack items like samosas,

kachoris,etc…. However it has already started to take steps in this

direction bringing out packaged ready-to-eat small samosas.

• Another plus for Haldiram’s is that it has started targeting the

international market. It now doesn’t face any major competition in

this market and can hence make the best of it. This long-term

strategy of Haldiram’s has already started yielding results.

• Haldiram’s is a specialist when it comes to the namkeens

segment, whereas for most of it competitors like Frito Lays and

MTR, namkeens is a very small segment and they are not looking

to specialize in this segment. This factor will always help

Haldiram’s to consolidate its position as a market leader.

• Overall, the best part about this segment is that neither

Haldiram’s nor its competitors indulge in situations that disturb

the market equilibrium. Hence this segment is such that everyone

plays their role in maintaining the market equilibrium and in the

long run this shall work out to be favorable for Haldiram’s and this

segment.

67
QUESTIONNAIRE USED FOR MARKET SURVEY

1. What age profile do you belong to?

 15-20  21-24 31-40

 41-50  More than 50

2. Do you consume Haldiram’s products?

 Yes  No

3. What is your brand preference for namkeens?

 Haldirams  Lays  Lehar Bikaner

 MTR  Others

4. Do you prefer local snacks?

 Yes  No

5. Since when have you been consuming Haldiram’s Products?

 Less than 6 months  6 month – 1year

 1-3 years  Greater than 3 years

6. How would you rate the quality of Haldiram over the period of use?

 Significantly better  Better

 Natural Worse  Significantly worse

68
7. What factors motivated you to buy Haldiram’s products?

 Friends  Neighbours  Relatives

 Family  Ads  Self

8. Which of these factors influence your buying bahaviour of namkeens?

 Packaging  Quality Price

9. How would you rate the following factors in order of your preference?

 Variety  Food taste and quality

 Hygiene  Nutritional value

 Price  Packaging

10. How you find Haldiram’s price ?

 High  Very high  Very low

 Low  Reasonable

11. Would you buy Haldiram’s products for their

 Packaging  Variety  Price

 Quality  Hygiene  Tatste

12. How would you rate the Haldiram’s namkeens for their nutritional value?

69
 Minimal  Adequate  Healthy

13. Do you buy Haldiram’s gift packages?

 Yes  No

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book Material

• Marketing Management by Philip Kotler

• Sales & Distribution Management by Tapan K Panda & Sunil

Sahadev

Company Visits

• Mr. K K Goyal (Sales Manager)

Corporate Office

Haldirams Marketing Pvt. Ltd.

B-1/H-8,

Mohan Co-Operative Ind. Estate,

Mathura Road, New Delhi-4

Websites:

• www.Indianfoodindustry.net

• www.haldirams.com

• www.haldiramsusa.com

• www.bikaji.com

70
• www.google.co.in

• www.samratnamkeen.com

• The Hindu(www.hinduonnet.com)

• Times news Network (www.economictimes.indiatimes.com)

71