CS114 – Fundamentals of programming
Overview
Introduction
Course details
Assessment
What is this course about?
Aims and Outcomes
Introduction
Instructor: Aisha Shabbir
Consultation Hours
During office hours but it will be best if you take an appointment by
email first
Email: aysh.shabbir15@gmail.com
Office: 115, NIT Building
Introduction
Brief Introduction of students
Name
Qualification
Day Scholar/ Hostelite
% in FSc/A-Levels
Your aim/aspiration in life
Expectation from this course
Course Details
CREDITS: 2+1
Course Details
Credits: 2+1
Grade distribution is (67% + 33%)
• Theory – 67%
• Quizzes – 15%
• Assignments – 10%
• OHT-1 – 15%
• OHT-2 – 15%
• ESE – 45%
• Practical – 33%
• Lab Work – 70%
• Lab Project/Exam – 30%
Course Description
An introduction to the development of programs using
C++.
Emphasis is given to the development of program
modules that can function independently.
What is this course about?
Problem solving
Designing solutions using flowcharts
Basic computer programming using C/C++
Python
Logic building & algorithms
Text Book
Book
There are many books on C/C++
All of them teach almost the same thing
Text Book
Reference Book
Course Contents
Week Topics
1 Introduction to Course, Introduction to Computer: System components,
networks and operating systems
Lab: Computer Hardware and Operating System
2 Introduction to Logic, Flow Charts, Pseudo Code, Introduction to Programming
Lab: Problem Solving using Flow Charts (Visual Logic), Testing the
Programming Environment and Basic Program
3 Programming Environment, Basic Programming, Statements, Expressions,
Comments
Lab: First Program, Basic statement, and Output Formats
4 First Program, Compilation, Variables, Types, Operators, Debugging
Lab: Variable processing, Arithmetic operations, Finding Errors
5 I/O, interactive programming
Lab: User Input based programming
6 OHT – I
Course Contents
Week Topics
7 Relational operators, logical operators, conditional statements
Lab: Conditional Constructs I
8 If-Else Statement, Switch-Break-Continue
Lab: Conditional Constructs II
9 Iterations, For loop, Do-While Loop, While Loop
Lab: Loops and Iterations
10 Functions, parameters to functions
Lab: Function Definition, Function Parameters and calls
11 More functions, Recursion
Lab: Function reuse and recursion
12 OHT – II
Course Contents
Week Topics
13 Arrays
Lab: Arrays and Operations on Arrays
14 Structures
Lab: Structure definition and usage
15 Pointers
Lab: Pointers, Variable Pointer
16 File I/O
Lab: File Handling and Information storage
17 Project demos, Revision
Lab: Project Demos
18 ESE
19 ESE
Course Outcomes
By the end of the course, you should be able to:
1. Comprehend the fundamental concepts of computer
systems.
2. Apply programming skills to implement computer-
based solutions of well specified problems.
3. Analyze where computer programs fit in the provision
of computer-based solutions to real world problems.
Attendance Policy
Will be marked at the beginning of the class (within first
10 mins)
75% required to take ESE
Any missed attendance is your own responsibility
No late attendance marking
Quiz Policy
5-6 quizzes in whole semester
Unannounced
Assignment Policy
3-4 Assignments
No drop policy
No late/email submissions will be accepted
Zero tolerance for plagiarism/cheating
Discussing homework concepts is fine, but you must submit your
own work.
Lab Tasks Policy
Each student will submit their own work at the end of
each lab
No late/email submissions will be accepted
Zero tolerance for plagiarism/cheating
Discussing lab task is fine, but you must submit your own work.
Pop Lab Quiz – which can be unannounced, you should
expect a lab quiz after every 3/4 lab sessions.
Student Civility
In an effort to make this class enjoyable for everybody…
Please be on time to class!
Please do not talk to your friends and neighbors in class! It disturbs
everyone, and makes it hard to concentrate. If you have a question,
just ask me!
Please turn your cell-phones off! No usage of mobiles during class –
will have a penalty.
Interaction is the key
Please ask questions
If you don’t understand, ask
Let me know if I am going too slow/too fast
Road Map for Today
• Computer Programming in Civil Engineering
• History of Computers
• Introduction to Computers
• Introduction to Programming
Why study Computer
Programming in Civil Engineering?
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Hardware and Software
• Charles Babbage
Creator of the Analytical Engine - the first
general-purpose digital computer (1833)
• ENIAC - the Analytical Engine was not built
(courtesy : Wikipedia.org)
until 1945 (Harvard Mark I)
– World’s first programmable computer
– Could carryout any calculation
– CPU was 8 feet tall , 100 feet long and
weighed 30 tons
(courtesy of US Army Historic Computer
Images)
History of Computers
• Ada (1815-52)
Wrote a program for computing the
Bernoulli’s sequence on the Analytical
Engine - world’s 1st computer program
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTERS
A device that can
perform
computations and
make logical
decisions
Motherboard
Input
devices
Processing
devices
Quratulain Shafi
Memory
devices
RAM:
Volatile memory
ROM:
Non-volatile
memory
Storage Magnetic storage:
devices Hard disks
Non-volatile memory
IDE - Integrated SCSI - Small Computer
Drive Electronics Systems Interface
Storage Optical storage:
devices CD/ DVD
Non-volatile memory
Output
devices
Communication
devices
System
Software
Name some other Operating
Systems
Application
Software
A Layered View of the Computer
Application Programs
Word-Processors, Spreadsheets,
Database Software, IDEs,
etc…
System Software
Compilers, Interpreters, Preprocessors, etc.
Operating System, Device Drivers
Machine with all its hardware
Can computers think?
Even the most powerful
supercomputers require
!
human interaction
1. Setting up the system
2. Installing software
3. Running programs
4. Managing files
5. Maintaining the system
Commonly used
Programming languages
Basic
Microsoft
Pascal
Perl
Cobol
.Net
Python
We teach C++, Why?
• C++ is one of the most popular languages
– C++ (originally C)
• C++ is portable (runs on Windows, Macintosh, Unix,
Mainframes …)
• C++ is widely used in industries
• C++ is easy to learn or not?????
C++
C
DevC++
• We will be using DevC++
• Full-featured Integrated Development Environment
(IDE)
• Home task:
– Download and install DevC++ on your PCs from:
http://www.bloodshed.net/dev/devcpp.html
INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING
Computer has to
be precisely told
what it needs to
do; otherwise
Program
• Programs are everywhere on the computer and
internet
• Even operating systems are
programs
Program
“a precise sequence of steps to solve a
particular problem”
• Programs run or executed (like OS runs on
Hardware like laptop or cell phone)
• Programs can also be run by other programs (like
when we play games in a web browser)
Program design
Hierarchy chart
Program
Flow chart
Designing
Pseudo Code
Source Code Machine Code
Program coding
Hierarchy chart
Flow chart
Pseudo Code
Source Code Machine Code
Program design
Hierarchy Chart
Program design
2 ways to show details:
i) Pseudocode: describes logic and processing
flow in human-language statements
ii) Flow chart: graphically represents logic flow.
Most projects use both methods
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Understand the Problem
Knowledge of the problem, its domain, & details
Devising the Plan
Thinking of possible solutions
Carrying out the Plan
Create retraceable steps
Looking Back
Compare solution to problem. Improve.
Problem
I say a number between 1 and 70.
If the number is less than 30, you say “Too Young”,
otherwise say “Old”.
OR
ATM machine transactions
What happened there?!
Understand
Too simple
Plan
Too simple
Carry out the Plan
Too simple
Looking Back
Why too simple?
New Problem
Take the problem “ I say a number between 1 and 70. If the
number is less than 30, you say “Too Young”, otherwise say “Too
Old”. ” and provide a solution so that a machine could do the same
what you did.
Understand, Plan, Solve, Look back.
Representing your solution
There are 2 ways to represent
Pseudo code
An English-like representation of logical steps to solve a problem.
Flowchart
Pictorial representation of the same thing.
Pseudo Code
BEGIN
GET number
IF number less than 30 THEN
Say “Too Young”
ELSE
Say “Too Old”
ENDIF
END
Corrected Pseudo Code
BEGIN
GET number
IF number greater or equals 1 AND number less or equals 70 THEN
IF number less than 30 THEN
Say “Too Young”
ELSE
Say “Too Old”
ENDIF
ELSE
Say Invalid Input
ENDIF
END
Pseudo Code
Pseudo Code can be generic or language specific
Works as a planning tool
Clarifies the algorithm flow of information
Makes it easier to generate language syntax
Flow Chart
Same as a pseudo code but graphical
Easier to read and understand
Specific symbols to represent different programming constructs
Flow Chart Symbols
Flow charts are used in many domain, hence have numerous
symbols
Some basic are:
Flow Chart Symbols
Flow Chart Example
Program design
START Convert START
STOP Centigrade to
Fahrenheit
PSEUDOCODE:
PROCESS inputCent
Display “Enter Centigrade: " centigrade
Input INPUT
centigrade
OUTPUT calcFah
fahrenheit = 1.8 * centigrade + 32= (1.8*centigrade) + 32
fahrenheit
Display “Centigrade to Fahrenheit = " fahrenheit
CONNECTOR
outputFah
fahrenheit
FLOW LINES
STOP
• Write pseudo code and draw a flowchart that
will read the two sides of a rectangle (length
and width) and display its area on screen after
calculation. [Area formula: A = L x W ]
