Course Title: CompTIA Network+ (N10-008)

Lesson 2
Deploying Ethernet
Cabling
Ivan Jude Busgano, CTT+
CompTIA Certified Professional
Course Instructor
LESSON 2 OBJECTIVES

• Summarize Ethernet standards

• Summarize copper cabling types
• Summarize fiber optic cabling types
• Deploy Ethernet cabling

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TOPIC 02A - SUMMARIZE ETHERNET STANDARDS

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TOPIC 02A OUTLINE

• Network Data Transmission

• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Plain Ethernet Standard (10BASE-T)
• Fast Ethernet Standard (100BASE-TX)
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards

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TOPIC 02A KEY LEARNING POINT

• Network Data Transmission

• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Plain Ethernet Standard (10BASE-T)
• Fast Ethernet Standard (100BASE-TX)
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards

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NETWORK DATA TRANSMISSION

• All network signaling uses electromagnetic

radiation of one type or another (electric
current, infrafred light, or radio waves).

• A signal is transmitted over the wave by

modulation and encoding schemes.

• Copper cable carries electrical signals.

- twisted pair
- coaxial

• Fiber optic cable carries infrared light signals

- single mode
- multi mode
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TOPIC 02A KEY LEARNING POINT

• Network Data Transmission

• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Plain Ethernet Standard (10BASE-T)
• Fast Ethernet Standard (100BASE-TX)
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards

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ETHERNET STANDARDS

• The most important of these are the IEEE's

802.3 Ethernet standard.

• Ethernet standards provide assurance that

network cabling will meet the bandwidth
requirements of applications.

• The standards specify the bit rate that should

be achieved over different types of media up
to the supported distance limitations.

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TOPIC 02A KEY LEARNING POINT

• Network Data Transmission

• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Plain Ethernet Standard (10BASE-T)
• Fast Ethernet Standard (100BASE-TX)
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards

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MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL & COLLISION DOMAINS

• Ethernet uses a contention-based MAC system.

• Each network node connected to the same

media is in the same collision domain.

• The collisions become more frequent as more

nodes are added.

• The Ethernet protocol governing contention

and media access is called "Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD)".

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TOPIC 02A KEY LEARNING POINT

• Network Data Transmission

• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Plain Ethernet Standard (10BASE-T)
• Fast Ethernet Standard (100BASE-TX)
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards

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PLAIN ETHERNET STANDARD (10BASE-T)

• 10BASE-T denotes an early

implementation of Ethernet that works
at 10 Mbps(10), uses a baseband
signal (BASE), and runs over twisted
pair copper cabling (-T).

• In the 10BASE-T wiring topology, each

node is cabled to an Ethernet hub.

• The hub repeats incoming signals to

each connected node.

• Every host connected to the same hub

is within the same collision domain.
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TOPIC 02A KEY LEARNING POINT

• Network Data Transmission

• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Plain Ethernet Standard (10BASE-T)
• Fast Ethernet Standard (100BASE-TX)
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards

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FAST ETHERNET STANDARD (100BASE-TX)

• 100BASE-TX refers to Fast Ethernet working over

Cat 5 (or better) twisted pair copper cable with
a maximum supported link length of 100
meters (328 feet).

• 100BASE-TX are implemented with switches.

• Unlike a hub, each switch port is a separate

collision domain.

• By eliminating the effect of contention,

switches allow for full-duplex transmissions.

• For backwards compatibility, Fast Ethernet

introduced an "auto-negotiation protocol"
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TOPIC 02A KEY LEARNING POINT

• Network Data Transmission

• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Plain Ethernet Standard (10BASE-T)
• Fast Ethernet Standard (100BASE-TX)
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards

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GIGABIT ETHERNET STANDARDS

• Gigabit Ethernet implement rates of at least

1000 Mbps (1 Gbps).

• Over copper wire, Gigabit Ethernet is specified

as 1000BASE-T, working over Cat 5e or better,
with a max distance of 100 meters (328 feet).

• Gigabit Ethernet is implemented only using

switches.

• Gigabit Ethernet is the mainstream choice for

new installations of access networks.

• 10 Gbps (10G Ethernet) & 40 Gbps (40G

Ethernet) require shielded/screened cable.
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TOPIC 02A ACTIVITY

• Topic Quiz

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TOPIC 02B - SUMMARIZE COPPER CABLING TYPES

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TOPIC 02B OUTLINE

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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TOPIC 02B KEY LEARNING POINT

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLE CONSIDERATIONS

• One pair of insulated wires twisted together

forms a balanced pair.

• The pairs are twisted at different rates to

reduce external interference and crosstalk.

• Twisted pair can use either solid or stranded

conductor wires.

• Copper wire thickness is measured using

American Wire Gauge (AWG).

• Modern buildings are often flood-wired using

UTP cabling.
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TOPIC 02B KEY LEARNING POINT

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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SHIELDED & SCREENED TWISTED PAIR CABLE CONSIDERATIONS

• Shielded cable is less susceptible to

interference and crosstalk.

• Screened cable has one thin outer foil shield

around all pairs (ScTP).

• Fully shielded cabling has a braided outer

screen and foil-shielded pairs and is referred to
as shielded/foiled twisted pair (S/FTP)

• You must also use screened/shielded

connectors.

• Should not be mixed with

unscreened/unshielded elements
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TOPIC 02B KEY LEARNING POINT

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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CAT CABLE STANDARDS

• The ANSI/TIA/EIA have created "categories

of cable standards" for twisted pair to
simplify selection of a suitable quality
cable.

• These categories, along with other aspects

of telecommunications wiring best
practices, are defined in the TIA-568
Commercial Building Telecommunications
Cabling Standards.

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CAT CABLE STANDARDS TABLE

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TOPIC 02B KEY LEARNING POINT

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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TWISTED PAIR CONNECTOR TYPES

• Twisted pair copper cabling uses

Registered Jack (RJ) connectors for the
physical interface.

• RJ-45 connectors
- used with 4-pair (8-wire) cables.
- are also referred to as 8P8C
- used for Ethernet twisted pair cabling

• RJ-11 connectors
- used with 2- or 3-pair UTP
- has only two contacts (6P2C)
- used for telephone systems

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TOPIC 02B KEY LEARNING POINT

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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COPPER TERMINATION STANDARDS

• Each conductor in a 4-pair data cable is color-coded.

• Two methods for terminating Ethernet connectors: 568A and 568B.

• T568A is mandated by the US government for residential cabling.

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COPPER TERMINATION STANDARDS (LAYOUT)

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TOPIC 02B KEY LEARNING POINT

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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PLENUM- AND RISER-RATED CABLE

• A plenum space is a void in a building

designed to carry heating, ventilation, &
air conditioning (HVAC) systems.

• Plenum cable must:

- not emit large amounts of smoke
- be self-extinguishing
- meet other strict fire safety standards

• Plenum-rated cable uses treated PVC or

Fluorinated Ethylene Polymer (FEP) and
marked CMP/MMP.

• Data cable that is riser-rated is marked

CMR/MPR.
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TOPIC 02B KEY LEARNING POINT

• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Considerations

• Shielded & Screened Twisted Pair Cable Considerations
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors

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COAXIAL AND TWINAXIAL CABLE AND CONNECTORS

• Coaxial (or coax) cable is made of two

conductors that share the same axis,
hence the name (“co” and “ax”).

• Coax cables are categorized using the

Radio Grade (RG) standard.

• Coax is usually terminated using F-type

connectors, which are secured by
screwing into place.

• Twinaxial (or twinax) is similar to coax but

contains two inner conductors.

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TOPIC 02B ACTIVITY

• Topic Quiz

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TOPIC 02C - SUMMARIZE FIBER OPTIC CABLING TYPES

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TOPIC 02C OUTLINE

• Fiber Optic Cable Considerations

• Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
• Fiber Optic Connector Types
• Fiber Ethernet Standards
• Fiber Optic Cable Installation

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TOPIC 02C KEY LEARNING POINT

• Fiber Optic Cable Considerations

• Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
• Fiber Optic Connector Types
• Fiber Ethernet Standards
• Fiber Optic Cable Installation

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FIBER OPTIC CABLE CONSIDERATIONS

• Fiber optic signaling uses pulses of

infrared light, which are not susceptible
to interference, cannot easily be
intercepted, and suffer less from
attenuation.

• A single optical fiber is constructed from

three elements: core, cladding, and
buffer.

• There are many different outer jacket

designs and materials suited for different
installations ((indoor/plenum, outdoor,
underground, undersea, and so on)
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TOPIC 02C KEY LEARNING POINT

• Fiber Optic Cable Considerations

• Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
• Fiber Optic Connector Types
• Fiber Ethernet Standards
• Fiber Optic Cable Installation

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SINGLE MODE FIBER AND MULTIMODE FIBER

• Single Mode Fiber (SMF) • Multimode Fiber (MMF)

- has a small core (8 to 10 microns) - larger core (62.5 or 50 microns)
- 1310 / 1550 nm wavelength - 850 / 1300 nm wavelength
- Laser optics - LED or Laser optics
- support data rates up to 100 Gbps - more suitable for LANs than WANs
- cable runs of many kilometers - OM1/OM2 support 1 Gbps
- OS1 (indoor) and OS2 (outdoor) - OM3/OM4 laser optimized MMF

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TOPIC 02C KEY LEARNING POINT

• Fiber Optic Cable Considerations

• Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
• Fiber Optic Connector Types
• Fiber Ethernet Standards
• Fiber Optic Cable Installation

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FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR TYPES

• Straight Tip (ST)

- uses a push-and-twist mechanism
- legacy installations

• Subscriber Connector (SC)

- push/pull design
- commonly used for Gigabit Ethernet

• Local Connector (LC)

- small-form-factor connector
- used for Gigabit Ethernet &10/40 GbE

• Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack

- small form factor snap-in design
- used for multimode networks
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TOPIC 02C KEY LEARNING POINT

• Fiber Optic Cable Considerations

• Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
• Fiber Optic Connector Types
• Fiber Ethernet Standards
• Fiber Optic Cable Installation

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FIBER ETHERNET STANDARDS

• Ethernet standards over fiber set out the use of different types of cable for
100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, and 10 Gbps operation.

• The principal applications of 10 GbE (and better) are:

- Increasing bandwidth for server interconnections and network
backbones, especially in datacenters and for storage area networks
(SAN).

- Replacing existing switched public data networks based on

proprietary technologies with simpler Ethernet switches (Metro
Ethernet).

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FIBER ETHERNET STANDARDS TABLE

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TOPIC 02C KEY LEARNING POINT

• Fiber Optic Cable Considerations

• Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
• Fiber Optic Connector Types
• Fiber Ethernet Standards
• Fiber Optic Cable Installation

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FIBER OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION

• Fiber optic can be installed in the

same topology as copper cable
using distribution frames and
switches.

• Normally, strands are installed in

pairs (duplex) at each device,
with one strand for transmit (Tx)
and one strand for receive (Rx).

• The tip of the ferrule can be

finished in one of three formats:
- Physical Contact (PC)
- Ultra Physical Contact (UPC)
- Angled Physical Contact (APC)
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FIBER OPTIC CABLE JACKETS COLOR CODING

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TOPIC 02C ACTIVITY

• Play video clip

• Topic Quiz

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TOPIC 02D - DEPLOY ETHERNET CABLING

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TOPIC 02D OUTLINE

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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TOPIC 02D KEY LEARNING POINT

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM

• Work area

• Horizontal Cabling

• Backbone Cabling

• Telecommunications Room

• Equipment room

• Entrance Facilities/Demarc

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TOPIC 02D KEY LEARNING POINT

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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CABLE MANAGEMENT

• Cable management techniques and tools

ensure that cabling is reliable and easy to
maintain.

• Copper wiring is terminated using a

distribution frame or "punchdown block".

• Several different punchdown block and IDC

formats have been used for telecoms and
data cabling:
- 66 block
- 110 block
- BIX and Krone formats
- Patch Panel/Patch Bay
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TOPIC 02D KEY LEARNING POINT

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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WIRING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

• Carefully pull cables.

• Cable is normally routed through conduits.

• The main fixed solid cable run can be up

to 90m .

• Label the ends of the cable with the

appropriate ID.

• Leave enough slack at both ends (service

loop)

• Use electrician’s scissors or cable strippers.

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TOPIC 02D KEY LEARNING POINT

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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TERMINATION TOOLS

• Fixed cable is terminated using a

punchdown tool.
- fixes conductors into an IDC.
- blades are double-sided

• A patch cord is created using a cable

crimper.
- fixes a plug to a cable
- specific to the type of connector & cable

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TOPIC 02D KEY LEARNING POINT

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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FIBER DISTRIBUTION PANELS AND FUSION SPLICING

• The structured fiber links are installed in a

similar way to copper cabling.

• Splicing strands minimizes loss from

connectors:
- mechanical
- fusion splicer

• Splicing may also be used to:

- attach a pigtail
- field terminate to a connector

• A spliced cable or pigtail must be

protected with a special cover and
supported by a splice tray.
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TOPIC 02D KEY LEARNING POINT

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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TRANSCEIVERS

• Modular format for installing port types to

network switches and router.

• 1 Gbps Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC)

and Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP)

• 10 Gbps Enhanced SFP (SFP+)

• 4 x 1 Gbps Quad small form-factor

pluggable (QSFP)

• 4 x 10 Gbps Enhanced quad small form-

factor pluggable (QSFP+)

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TOPIC 02D KEY LEARNING POINT

• Structured Cabling System

• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is

a means of using a strand to transmit
and/or receive more than one channel at
a time.

• Bidirectional (BiDi) Wavelength Division

Multiplexing transmit and receive over
same strand using separate wavelengths.

• Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

(CWDM) implement 8 full duplex channels.

• Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

(DWDM) implement 20, 40, 80, or 160
channels.
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TOPIC 02D ACTIVITY

• Play video clip

• Topic Quiz

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LESSON 2 SUMMARY

• Summarize Ethernet standards

• Summarize copper cabling types
• Summarize fiber optic cabling types
• Deploy Ethernet cabling

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Course Title: CompTIA Network+ (N10-008)

End of Lesson 2
Deploying Ethernet
Cabling
Ivan Jude Busgano, CTT+
CompTIA Certified Professional
Course Instructor