LOG

DOST IX

Creativity and
Thinking
CREATIVITY & THINKING
TOPIC 1

THE NATURE
OF CREATIVITY AND
FUNDAMENTALS
OF PERCEPTIVE
THINKING
The Nature of Creativity
Understanding the nature of thinking
and the human mind

Concepts of Thinking: What is thinking?

“Thinking is the deliberate

exploration of experience for a
purpose.”
The Nature of Creativity
Understanding the nature of thinking
and the human mind
De Bono’s Mechanism of the mind
The mind allows incoming information to organize
itself into ROUTINE PATTERNS.

The mind, therefore, has a natural behavior of

its own. We can, h owever, intervene so that this
natural beh avior is us ed more effectively for o ur
purpose s.
The Nature of Creativity
Understanding the nature of thinking
and the human mind
De Bono’s Mechanism of the mind
We can develop attention-
directing tools and thinking
structures.

We can try to set up routine

patterns that are more
effective than the natural
ones.
The Nature of Creativity
Understanding the nature of thinking
and the human mind

The purpose of providing thinking

tools and techniques is to
fully train the human mind!
The Nature of Creativity
Concepts and Principles of Creativity

• Is a mental process
involving the generation
of new ideas or concepts.

• Is the generation of ideas - new, original

that are both novel and
valuabl e
- u seful
The Nature of Creativity
Concepts and Principles of Creativity
Why we need to enhance creativity?

►Creativity and innovation contribute

to economic prosperity as well as to
social and individual wellbeing.

► Creativity the route to

sustainable development.
TheConcepts
Nature ofand
Creativity
Principles of Creativity

Principal Aspects of Human Creativity

•The •The
Creative Creative
Person Process

•The •The
Creative Creative
Environment Product
TheConcepts
Nature ofand
Creativity
Principles of Creativity

Principal Aspects of Human Creativity

Creativity drives the person to think, to create,

invent and produce novel id easand worthwhile
products.
The Nature of Creativity
A. The Creative Person
By: Dr. Viktor Lowenfield of the
Pennsylvania State University

What makes a person creative?

1. Sensitive – aware of anything odd or unusual
2. Fluent – takes advantage of a developing situation
3. Flexible – adjusts quickly to a new development
4. Original – produces new thoughts or work
5. Abili ty to Abstract - skill at analysis
The Nature of Creativity
What makes a person creative?
(con’td)
By: Dr. Viktor Lowenfield of the
Pennsylvania State University

6. Ability to Synthesize – combines two or more

ideas
7. Skill at Redefinition – rearranges things, ideas,
concepts, people or to shift functions of objects
and use them in a new way
8. Coherence to Organization – keeps t hings going
smoothly, to express ideas clearly and realize
the creat ion effectivel y
The Nature of Creativity
What makes a person creative?
The basic components:

1. Adequate IQ 8. Energetic
2. Perceptive 9. Emotionally expressive
3. Focus 10.Broad knowledge and
4. Self-discipline interest
5. Awareness 11. Sensitive
6. Balance 12.Open to new experience
7. Confident 13.Flexible
14.Intuitive
 The Nature of Creativity
Intellectual factors…
do not necessarily account for the person’s creativeness.

Gift of genius…
Ingenuity is a latent of all individuals and
not an exceptional possession of the gifted
Age and few.

sex factor…
creativity is ageless.
Interest and value…
see the whole thing or aide in perspective, dig deepernto
i small
de tails
.
 Human Mental Capacities
•by Alex F. Osborn:

• ABSORPTIVE REASONING
• observe and analyze and
apply attention judge

CREATIVE
• RETENTIVE visualize, foresee,
and generate
memorize and
•recall
ide as
The Nature of Creativity
B. The Creative Environment
(social settings & economic conditions )

This refers to the situation,

environment, and life
circumstances that fosters,
facilitates, or inhibits creativity.
The Nature of Creativity
C. The Creative Process
By: Graham Wallas

1. Preparation – the person works intently on

a problem
2. Incubation – the problem is temporarily put
aside and the person engage in other
activities
3. Illumination – the person sees how the
problem can be solved
4. Verification – or revision, the person work s
out the detail s of his solution
The Nature of Creativity
After
thorough
research
and study,
the
researcher
came up
with this
new
process..
The Nature of Creativity

D. The Creative Product

• Novel or Original
• Useful or adaptable
• Elegant or aesthetically designed
• Have transcendence qualities – can
surpass beyond limits
• Realizatio n – ma nifested i nt ta gib le
product, obje ct, pr cess o n
o
The Nature of Creativity
Negative Attitudes that
Block Creativity
1. Oh no, a problem!
2. It can’t be done.
3. I can’t do it. Or there’s nothing I can do.
4. But, I’m not creative.
5. That’s childish.
•6 What will people think?
.
7. I m ight fai l.
 Generation
of Creative Ideas
Creativity Exercises
 Unconventional Problem Solving

• Problem 1: Where does

the "Z" go?

A E F H I K L M N T V W X Y

B C D G J O P Q R S U

A E F H I K L M N T V W X Y Z

B C D G J O P Q R S U
 Unconventional Problem Solving

• Problem 2: Next Pattern?

Edward De Bono’s Thinking System

How many t ri ngles ?

a
Edward De Bono’s Thinking System
Edward De Bono’s Thinking System
Edward De Bono’s Thinking System
The “Drop the Block” Problem
The “Drop the Block” Problem

Have a look at the picture. It

shows a person holding a block
of wood. Now, what will happen
to the piece of wood when the
person lets go of it?
 Answer

• it depends on where the person is and the environment they are in!
 If the person is on earth…

• The block of wood will drop DOW N the ground as

to
it is drawn to earth by gravity.
 If the person is underwater…

• The block of w ood wi ll float UP to the surfa ce of t he

water b ecause it is less dense than wat er.
 If the person is on space…

• The block of wood will NOT MOVE because there

are no overall forces i n any direction .
Exercise:
Visualization/
Imagery/
Imagineering

How many
babies can yo u
see?
More than meets the eye
 CONCEALED
COLORS
(Break the Habit)

What color is concealed in each sentence?

Example:
1.) Newspaper editors decided to go on
strike. (Red)
2.) The cab lacked proper brakes to stop at
the intersection. (Black)
 CONCEALED
COLORS
(Break the Habit)

• A big, old, hungry dog appeared at our door

every morning.
• The cop persuaded him not to create a
disturbance.
• The Brazilian student Paulo lives around the
corner from us.
• You shouldn't let an upstart like him bother
you.
• He l et ou a big yell , owing to the injuries he
receivedt when he f ell.
 Concealed colors
(Break the Habit)

• La Jolla venders decided to cut their prices in

half.
• Long rayon fabrics were loaded on the truck.
• The Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli lacked
the requisite documents to enter the U.S.
You shouldn't sell this fossil very cheaply
because it is a rare specimen.
• The new law hit everybody's pocketbook
pretty har d.
Ideation Tools and Techniques
Developing your Creative ThinkingSkills
Developing skills in thinking
means learning and using
appropriate thinking tools
and techniques.

Thinking tools and

techniques are the basis for
developing skills in
creativity.
 Ideation Tools and Techniques

1.Brainstorming
- SCAMPER
2. Lateral Thinking
3. Attribute Listing
4. Matrix Analysis
Ideation Tools and Techniques

— Brainstorming is a popular tool that helps

you generate creative solutions to a
problem. It can be done individually or by
group.
 1. Brainstorming
Ideation Tools and Techniques

Rules for Good Brainstorming

— Choose a RECORDER
— NO CRITICISM Allowed!
— Work for QUANTITY
— HITCHHIKING WELCOME!
— Freewheeling Encouraged!
Ideation Tools and Techniques
1. Brainstorming
Technique for Brainstorming
S - ubstitute
C - ombine
A - dapt
M - inify
M - agnify
P - ut to other Uses
E - liminate
R - everse
R - earrange
SCAMPER
Think about substituting
part of your
S Substitute
product/process for
something else.
SCAMPER

Think about combining two

or more parts of your
C Combine
product to achieve a
different product/process.
SCAMPER

Think about which parts of

the product/process could
A Adapt be adapted change the
nature of the
product/process.
SCAMPER
Think about changing part or
Modify
M Magnify
Minify
all of the current situation, or
to distort it in an unusual
way.
SCAMPER

Think of how you might be

Put to able to put your current
P other
Uses
solution/ product/process
to other purposes
SCAMPER
Think of what might
happen if you eliminated

E Eliminate
various parts of the
product/process/and
consider what you might
do in that situation.
SCAMPER

Think of what you would do if

part of your product/process

R worked in reverse or done in

a different order. What would
you do if you had to do it in
reverse?
SCAMPER Idea Generic Example

Substitute Vegetarian hot dogs

Combine Musical greeting cards

Adapt Snow tires

Modify Scented crayons

Magnify Industrial Fan

Minify Mini-Fan

Put to other use Towel as fly swatter

Eliminate Cordless telephone

Rearrange Vertical stapler

Reverse Reversable clothing

2. Lateral Thinking
LET’S DO LATERAL
THINKING EXERCISES!
 YOU ARE DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD IN
YOUR CAR ON A WILD, STORMY NIGHT,
WHEN YOU PASS BY A BUS STOP AND
YOU SEE THREE PEOPLE WAITING FOR
THE BUS

• Knowing that there can only be one passenger in your car, whom would you
choose?

•An old lady who looks as if she is about to die.

•An old friend who once saved your life.
•The perfect partner you have been dreaming about.
Answer:
— The old lady of course! After helping the old lady into
the car, you can give your keys to your friend, and wait
with your perfect partner for the bus.
— There is a mute who wants to buy a toothbrush. By
imitating the action of brushing one’s teeth he
successfully expresses himself to the shopkeeper and the
purchase is done. Now if there is a blind man who wishes
to buy a pair of sunglasses. How would he express
himself?
Answer

He just has to open his

mouth and ask!
—A man is born in 1972 and dies in
1952 at the age of 25. Explain.
Answer
— He was born in room number 1972 of a
hospital, and dies in room number
1952...
 3. Attribute
Ideation Listing
Tools and Techniques
— Components, features, characteristics,functions,
makeup, property,parts.
— Identify each component of the invention-area, product
or object, or each element of a process or system
— Describe the functions of each component/element, its
purpose and reason for its choice
— Consider every attributes of the component/element.
 Ideation Tools and Techniques
4. Matrix Analysis
§ Very simple systematic Ideation Tools
§ It sets up a matrix within which ideas can
originate or take form.
Matrix Analysis
Object Attribute Characteristics
WORKSHOP
— Using the SCAMPER technique, list down (as many as you
can) NEW uses for a
FIND AND SOLVE (Part 1)
1. List down three (3) problems.
2. Using the CAF and FIP, select one problem to solve.
3. Using the IdeationTools, think of a possible solution. It
could be a Product or Process.
FIND AND SOLVE (Part 2)
1. Using the IPR lecture, determine if the creative ideas
derived from the previous workshop is new, useful,
realizable and applicable.
2. Make necessary improvements.
References:
— Textbook on Technological Creativity and Invention
Development
— A Guide for CreativeThinking by BrianTracy
— Creative Thinking Slides taken from www.slideshare.com
— The Creative Method and Systems Workshop Edition by
JasonTheodor
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

} What is an Invention – it is the creation of

something not previously in existence. It
may be an original, device, product
machine, composition of matter, process
or method that satisfy the requirement
of:

◦ NOVELTY – new and original

◦ UTILITY - useful
◦ OPERATIVENESS OF INVENTION – must operate
in the manner in which it is intended,
workable
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

} Invention may be viewed as a process with

inputs and outputs:

◦ INPUTS – represent the combined applied R & D

effort which are intentional activities, which
generates new technology
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

◦ PROCESS – can be possible

because of the following:
– Role of Accident
– Role of Inspiration
– Role of Experiment
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

◦ OUTPUTS – can be classified according to

Kivenson:
– Simple Combination of Two Already Existing Devices to
Achieve Improved Results
– Labor-saving concepts
– Direct Solution to a Problem
– Adaptation of an Old Principles to an Old Problem to
Achieve a New Result
– Application of a New Principle to an Old Problem
– Application of New Principle to a New Use
– Serendipity
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

Developing Invention
1.Protecting
the Invention-
Idea from the Start
◦ Keep a ―logbook or
record of invention‖.
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

Developing Invention
Logbook or record of invention
– The pages must be numbered.
– In the notebook, record in minute detail every
thought you have about the invention.
– Tell about every step you take toward developing
the invention.
– Write in ink, don’t erase.
– Never go back to alter the record in any way, write
a new entry.
– Have your records witnessed by trusted friends.
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

2. Sizing up the Potential of the Inventive-Idea

• Do a quick local check-up
• Look at trade publications
• Prior art search
INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

3. Putting the Invention into

Workable Shape and
Viable Project

• If you don’t have the

technical knowledge or
mechanical skill to
develop that brilliant
idea, take in a co-
inventor.
• Get some help from a
patent attorney,
engineer or agent.
 INVENTION DEVELOPMENT

3. Putting the Invention into

Workable Shape and Viable
Project

• Get some help from a model

maker, a small shop with
enough experience to
develop your invention.
• In getting money for your
invention, the main source is
your own family, friends,
relatives, and others.
 Mr. Ted Spence, engineer of the Los Angeles Brush
Manufacturing Corp., demonstrates the new "Hairline Brush" in
Los Angeles, Calif., Jan. 12, 1950. The brush is constructed to
fit a bald head's contour, with bristles for brushing the sideburn
area and a felt pad to gently massage the exposed scalp on the
top. (AP Photo/Don Brinn)
 Weird Patents
Portable automobile
partition

} Patent No.
6,260,903
} Issued: July 17,
2001 For parents with multiple
kids - a partition so that
} Inventor: Christian little brother can't
von der Heyde, possibly invade big
Sandwich, MA brother's space
1. Energy Problem
2. Food Problem
3. Pollution
4. Production Operation
5. Cost Reduction
} Energy
} Metallic minerals
} Land and food
} Labor
} Information; knowledge and
communication
} Biotechnology
} Small Scale computer applications, and
computer software designs
} Appropriate and rural-oriented
technologies
} New and renewable energy technologies
} ―Soft‖ technologies or behavioral/social
technologies
} Textbooks
} Professional or Technical Journals
} Colleagues
} Other Publications
} Patent Documents
- The best source of state of the art
technological information
Patent Documents
1. Paper/ hard copy – search at IPO library (CD-ROMs
also available)
2. On-line databases (30 million documents
on line) on these websites:
a. http://www.uspto.gov
b. http://ep.espacenet.com
c. http://ipophil.gov.ph (official website IPO-Phil),
then go to links, IP Offices
d. http://www.ipdl.ncipi.go.jp/homepge.pdl
e. http://www.google.com/patents
Website URL:
http://www.glencoe.com/sec/busadmin/e
ntre/teacher/creative/stimulate/
LOG