1. Compare between Cloud and On-premise Computing.

Criteria Cloud On-premise

Initial cost Low High
Maintenance and support Hassle-free Needs attention
Upgrade Automatic Manual
Scalability Excellent Good
Pay as you go Yes No

2. What is a Cloud?

A cloud is a collaboration of networks, hardware, services, storage, and interfaces

that help in delivering computing as a service. It has three users:

1. End users
2. Business management users
3.  Cloud service providers

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3. What is Cloud Computing?

It is an advanced-stage technology implemented so that the cloud provides its

services globally as per the user requirements. It provides a method to access
several servers worldwide.
4. What are some of the key features of Cloud
Computing?

 Reliable
 Scalable
 Agile
 Location Independent
 Multi-tenant

5. What are the benefits of Cloud Computing?

The main benefits of Cloud Computing are:

  Data backup and storage of data

  Powerful server capabilities
  Incremented productivity
  Cost-effective and time-saving
6. Mention the layers of PaaS architecture.

Cloud Controller

 Automatically creates virtual machines and controllers

  Deploys applications
 Connects to services
 Automatically scales up and down

Storage Services

 Object
 NoSQL
 Relational
 Block storage

Applications Stored in Storage Services

 Simple-to-scale applications
 Easier recovery from failure

7. What are the cloud service models?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)

8. Write about Function as a Service.

FaaS provides users with a fully functional platform where they can create, manage
and run their applications without having to worry about maintaining the
infrastructure.
9. What are the components of Windows Azure?

Windows Azure Platform Services

 Cloud
 SQL Azure
 App Fabric: Allows fabric cloud

10. Which are the main constituents of the cloud

ecosystem?

 Cloud service providers

 Cloud consumers
 Direct consumers

11. Who are the cloud consumers in a cloud ecosystem?

People and teams who use different types of cloud services, within your
organization.

12. Who are the direct consumers in a cloud ecosystem?

The individuals who utilize the service provided by your company, build within a
cloud environment.

13. Who are the Cloud service providers in a cloud

ecosystem?

Cloud service providers are the companies that sell their cloud services to others.
Sometimes these companies also provide cloud services internally to their partners,
employees, etc.
14. What are the differences occurred in distributed
operations?

FC: Master–Slave operations

Nova: Parallel process and its shared database

15. Which agent is equivalent of Nova Compute?

Azure Agent

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16. Mention the reliability and availability of Cloud

Computing.

Use of Fault Domains:

 Two virtual machines are in a single fault domain if a single hardware can bring
down both the virtual machines.
 Azure automatically distributes instances of a role across fault domains.
Use of Upgrade Domains:

 When a new version of the software is rolled out, then only one up-gradation of
the domain is done at a time.
 It ensures that any instance of the service is always available.
 There is an availability of the applications in multiple instances.

Storage and Network Availability:

 Copies of data are stored in different domains.

 it is a mechanism to guard against DoS and DDoS attacks.

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17. Explain the Cloud Computing Architecture.

Cloud Computing Architecture brings together two components of cloud computing

– the front-end and the back-end. It is important to bring the correct services
together for the benefit of both internal and external people. If need be, the cloud
management should be able to quickly make required changes.

18. What are the Cloud Storage Levels?

 Files
 Blocks
 Datasets
 Objects

Intermediate Interview Questions

19. What are the serverless components in cloud

computing with their advantages and disadvantages?

These components allow you to create apps without the stress of managing the
infrastructure.
Advantages Disadvantages
Cost-effective Can cause late responses
Increases productivity Not ideal for high-computing operations
Scalable More vulnerable when it comes to security
No server management Debugging is challenging
20. Give the best example for the open-source Cloud
Computing.

OpenStack

21. What are microservices and their importance in the

cloud?

Microservices help create apps that consist of codes that are independent of one
another and the platform they were developed on.  Microservices are important in
the cloud because of the following reasons:

 Each of them is built for a particular purpose. This makes app development
simpler.
 They make changes easier and quicker. 
 Their scalability makes it easier to adapt the service as needed.

22. What is an AMI? How do we implement it?

AMI is Amazon Machine Image, which basically is a copy of your root file system. It
feeds the information required to launch an instance.

We implement AMI by specifying an AMI whenever we want to launch an instance.

Multiple instances can be launched from a single AMI with the same configuration.
In the case of launching instances with different configurations, we would need to
launch different AMIs.
AMI includes one or more snapshots of your EBS volumes, in the case of instance-
store backed AMIs, along with a template for the root volume of your instance (like
an operating system, an application server, and applications).

It launches the permissions that decide which AWS accounts can use the AMI for
launching instances. It also needs a block device mapping for specifying the
volumes in order to attach them to the instances whenever they are launched.

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23. Why Hybrid Clouds are so important?

Cloud Bursting:
Access capacity and specialized software are available in the public cloud and not in
the private cloud.
Examples: Virtual Amazon and Dynamo

Leveraging the best of both worlds, there are hybrid clouds.

vCloud:

 It is a VMware cloud.
 It is expensive.
 It gives enterprise quality.

OpenStack:

 It has commodity servers and storage.

 It is less reliable.
 We can run web servers on OpenStack.
 the database is built on vCloud.

24. List the platforms that are used for large-scale Cloud
Computing.

The platforms that are used for large-scale Cloud Computing are:

 Apache Hadoop
 MapReduce

25. Mention the different types of models used for the

deployment in Cloud Computing.

The different deployment models in Cloud Computing are:

 Private Cloud
 Public Cloud
 Community Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud

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26. Explain security management in terms of Cloud

Computing.
 Identity management access provides the authorization of application
services.
 Access control permission is given to users to have complete controlling
access of another user who is entering into the cloud environment.
 Authentication and authorization provide permission to only the authorized
and authenticated users to access the data and applications.

27. Which are the layers of Cloud Computing?

The different layers used by cloud architecture are as follows:

 CLC or Cloud Controller

 Walrus
 Cluster Controller
 Storage Controller (SC)
 Node Controller (NC)

28. Explain the full form and the usage of 'Eucalyptus' in

Cloud Computing.

The full form of ‘Eucalyptus’ is ‘Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking
Your Programs to Useful Systems.
Eucalyptus is an open-source software infrastructure in Cloud Computing, which
enables us to implement clusters in the Cloud Computing platform. It is mainly
used to build public, hybrid, and private clouds. It has capabilities to convert our
own data center into a private cloud and provides its functionalities for various
other organizations.

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29. Mention the names of some large cloud providers

and databases.

 Google Bigtable
 Amazon Simple Database
 Cloud-based SQL (Sequential Query Language)

30. Explain the difference between cloud and traditional

data centers.

 The traditional data center is expensive due to heating and hardware/software

issues. Mostly, the expenditure is on the maintenance of the data centers.
 Cloud is scaled up when there is an increase in demand, hence such
expenditure issues are not faced in Cloud Computing.

31. What is meant by Edge Computing?

Edge computing is a part of the distributed computing structure. It brings

companies closer to the sources of data. This benefits businesses by giving them
better insights, good response time and better bandwidth.

Advanced Interview Questions

32. What are the uses of APIs in cloud services?

 APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are used to eliminate the necessity

to write complete programs.
 Here, instructions are provided to make communication between one or more
applications.
 Creation of applications is made easy and accessible for the link of cloud
services with other systems.
33. Mention different data center deployments of Cloud
Computing.

Cloud Computing consists of different data centers as follows:

 Containerized data centers: Containerized data centers are the packages that

contain a consistent set of servers, network components, and storage delivered
to large warehouse kind of facilities. Here, each deployment is relatively unique.
 Low-density data centers: Containerized data centers promote heavy density
which in turn causes much heat and significant engineering troubles. Low-
density data centers are the solution to this problem. Here, the equipment is
established far apart so that it cools down the generated heat.

34. List down the three basic functioning clouds in Cloud

Computing.

 Professional cloud
 Personal cloud
 Performance cloud

35. What are the characteristics of cloud architecture

that differ from traditional cloud architecture?

The characteristics are:

  In cloud, the hardware requirement is fulfilled as per the demand created for
cloud architecture.
 Cloud architecture is capable of scaling up resources when there is a demand.
 Cloud architecture is capable of managing and handling dynamic workloads
without any point of failure.
36. What are the building blocks of cloud architecture?

 Reference architecture
 Technical architecture
 Deployment operation architecture

37. Explain AWS.

AWS stands for Amazon Web Services which is a collection of remote computing

services also known as Cloud Computing. This technology is also known as IaaS or
Infrastructure as a Service.

38. Mention the key components of AWS.

The key components of AWS are as follows:

 AWS Route 53: AWS Route 53 is a DNS (Domain Name Server) web-based
service platform.
 Simple E-mail Service: Sending of e-mail is done by using a RESTFUL API call or
via regular SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
 Identity and Access Management: Improvised security and identity
management are provided for an AWS account.
 Simple Storage Device (S3): It is a huge storage medium, widely used for AWS
services.
 Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2): It allows on-demand computing resources for
hosting applications and is essentially useful for unpredictable workloads.
 Elastic Block Stores (EBS): They are storage volumes attached to EC2 and
allow the data lifespan of a single EC2.
 CloudWatch: Amazon CloudWatch is used to monitor AWS resources, and it
allows administrators to view and collect the keys required. Access is provided
so that one can set a notification alarm in the case of trouble.

39. Explain how you can vertically scale an Amazon

instance.

This is one of the essential features of AWS and cloud virtualization. We spinup a
newly developed large instance where we pause that instance and detach the root
EBS volume from the server and discard. Later, we stop our live instance and
detach its root volume connected. here, we note down the unique device ID and
attach the same root volume to the new server, and we restart it again. This results
in a vertically scaled Amazon instance.

40. Explain the security usage in the Amazon Web

Services model.

 AWS supports security groups.

 Access is provided to create a security group for a jump box with SSH access
only for port 22 open. Later, a webserver group and a database group are
created. The webserver group provides 80 and 443 from around the world, but
only port 22 will be vital among the jump box group. The database group allows
port 3306 from the webserver group and port 22 from the jump box group. The
addition of any machines to the webserver group can store in the database. No
one can directly SSH to any of our boxes.