CHAPTER

10 Circles

Mind–Maping

60
Cirele

E3
Tangent to a circle Property of Tangent to a circle

De?nition Theorem Number of Tangents

and its from a point on a circle

Length of the
Tangent
ID
Application

Theorem and its

Application
U
KEY POINTS
YG

1. A circle is a collection of all those points in a plane which are at a constant

distance from a fixed point. The fixed point is called the centre and fixed distance
is called the radius.
2. Secant: A line which intesects a circle in two distinct points is called a secant
D

of the circle.
U
ST

P Q
3. Tangent: It is a line that intersects the circle at only one point. The point where
tangent touches the circle is called the point of contact.
Here A is the poin of contact.

122 Mathematics-X
 P A B
4. Number of Tangent: Infinitely many tangents can be drawn on a circle.

60
5. Number of Secant: There are infinitely many secants which can be drawn on a
circle.
6. The proofs of the following theorems can be asked in the examination:–
(i) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through

E3
the point of contact.
(ii) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
7. There is only one tangent at a point of the circle.
8.
9. ID
The tangent to a circle is a special case of the secant.
There is no tangent to a circle passing through a point lying inside the circle.
10. There is one and only one tangent to a circle passing through a point lying on the
U
circle.
11. There are exactly two tangents to a circle through a point lying outside the
YG

circles.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. In fig., ΔABC is circumscribing a circle. Find the length of BC.
D

A
U

3 cm 9 cm
ST

N M

4 cm 6 cm

B C
L

Mathematics-X 123
 2. The length of the tangent to a circle from a point P, which is 25 cm away from the
centre, is 24 cm. What is the radius of the circle.
3. In fig., ABCD is a cyclic quadrilatreral. If ∠BAC = 50° and ∠DBC = 60°, then
find ∠BCD.

D C

60
60 °

E3
50°
A B

4. In figure, O is the centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the tangent PR at P makes

an angles of 50° with PQ. Find ∠POQ.

ID P

50°
R
U
O
YG

5. If two tangents inclined at an angle 60° are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then
find the length of each tangent.
D

6. If radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then find the length of the
chord of one circle which is tangent to the other circle.
U

7. In the given figure, PQ is tangent to outer circle and PR is tangent to inner

circle. If PQ = 4cm, OQ = 3 cm and QR = 2 cm then find the length of PR.
ST

O P

124 Mathematics-X
 8. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle, PA and PB are tangents to the circle
then find ∠AQB. (CBSE 2016)
A

o
Q 40° P

60
B
9. In the given figure, If ∠AOB = 125° then find ∠COD.

E3
B
A

125°

ID D C
10. If two tangent TP and TQ are drawn from an external point T such that
U
∠TQP = 60° then find ∠OPQ.
YG

O T
60°
D

Q
U

11. How many tangents can a circle have? (NCERT)

12. A tangent to a circle intersects it in _________ points. (NCERT)
ST

O P
13.

If PQ is a tangent then find the value of POQ + QPO .

Mathematics-X 125
 14. Choose the correct Answer.
A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the
centre O at a point Q so that OQ = 12 cm. Length PQ is :
(a) 12 cm (b) 13 cm (c) 8.5 cm (d) 119 cm (NCERT)
15. A circle can have _______ parallel tangents at the most. (NCERT)
16. The common point of a tangent to a circle and the circle is called ________ .

60
(NCERT)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE-I QUESTIONS

E3
17. If diameters of two concentric circle are d1 and d2 (d2 > d1) and c is the
length of chord of bigger circle which is tangent to the smaller circle. Show
that d22 = c2 + d12.

ID
18. The length of tangent to a circle of radius 2.5 cm from an external point P is 6
cm. Find the distance of P from the nearest point of the circle.

19. TP and TQ are the tangents from the external point T of a circle with centre O. If
U
∠OPQ = 30° then find the measure of ∠TQP.

20. In the given fig. AP = 4 cm, BQ = 6 cm and AC = 9 cm. Find the semi perimeter
YG

of ΔABC.

A
4c
D
m
U

R P
ST

C Q B
6 cm
21. A circle is drawn inside a right angle triangle whose sides are a, b, c where c is
a+b–c
the hypotenuse, which touches all the sides of the triangle. Prove r =
2
where r is the radius of the circle. (NCERT Exampler, 2012)

126 Mathematics-X
 22. Prove that the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact.
23. Prove that in two concentric circles the chord of the larger circle which is
tangent to the smaller circle is bisected at the point of contact.
24. In the given Fig., AC is diameter of the circle with centre O and A is point of
contact, then find x.

60
C

E3
O

40°
P Q
A

KN = AK + BN.
ID
25. In the given fig. KN, PA and PB are tangents to the circle. Prove that:

A
U
K

O C
YG

N
B
26. In the given fig. PQ is a chord of length 6 cm and the radius of the circle is 6 cm.
TP and TQ are two tangents drawn from an external point T. Find ∠PTQ.
D

P
U
ST

O T

Mathematics-X 127
 SHORT ANSWER TYPE-II QUESTIONS
27. In the given figure find AD, BE, CF where AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm and
AC = 10 cm.

60
F E

E3
A B
D

28. Two tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre O from an external

ID
point P. Prove that ∠APB = 2 ∠OAB

A
(NCERT, Exemplar-2)
U
YG

P
B
29. In the given fig. OP is equal to the diameter of the circle with centre O. Prove
that ΔABP is an equilateral triangle.
D

A
U

o
ST

128 Mathematics-X
 30. In the given fig., find PC. If AB = 13 cm, BC = 7 cm and AD = 15 cm.
A

R
B

60
O 4 cm
S Q

E3
C P D

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

31. In the given fig. find the radius of the circle.

ID m
32. In the given fig. PQ is tangent and PB is diameter. Find the value of x and y.
P
U
y
x y
A o Q
YG

35°

ANSWERS AND HINTS

D

1. Since length of both the tangents from a point outside the circle is equal, So
BN = BL, CM = CL
U

BL + CL = BC = 10 cm
Q
ST

24 m
2. P O
25 m

By Pythagorous Rule, QR = 7 cm.

Mathematics-X 129
 3. Angle is the same segment are euqal.
• DC is the chord so DAC = 60°.
• The sum of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.
So BCD = 70°
4. The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point

60
of contact.
So, RPO = 90°
OPQ = OQP = 40°

E3
POQ = 100°
Q

3 cm
60°
O P
5. 3 cm

R
ΔQPO ≅ ΔRPO
ID
U
60°
⇒ QPO = RPO = = 30°
2
YG

In ΔQPO, OQP = 90°(Tangent is perpendicular at the point of contact).

OQ
tan 30° = QP ⇒ QP = 3 3 cm
D

O
B
6.
U

P
A
ST

In ΔAOP, right angled at P.

OA2 = AP2 + OP2 ⇒ (5)2 = AP2 + 42 ⇒ AP2 = 9
⇒ AP = 3
In ΔPQO, AB = 6 cm

130 Mathematics-X
 7. (4)2 + (3)2 = (OP)2
5 = OP
In PRO, (5)2 = (2)2 + (PR)2
PR = 21 cm
A

60
Q 5 3 40° 1 P
8. O
2

B
In Quadrilateral PROQ

E3
1 2  3 4 = 360°
1 3 = 180°
3 = 140°
Now, 3

5
ID
= 25
= 70° or AQB = 70°
U
1 2
3  4 °
9. 5  6  (CPCT) of their corresponding triangles.
YG


7  8

2( 2  3  6  7 ) = 360°
or AOB  COD = 186°
D

or COD = 55°

10. OQT = 90° (Angle between tangent & radius)

U

PQO = 30° (90° – 60°)

ST

PQO = OPQ = 30°

11. Infinity many
12. One
13. 90° as OQP = 90° (Angle between tangent and radius of the circle)

14. D( 119 cm)

Mathematics-X 131
 15. Two
16. Point of Contact

d2
d1
O
17.
A B

60
P C

AO2 = OP2 + AP2

2 2
 d2  d 

E3
  =  1  + AP 2
2  2
2 2
 d2   d1 
  −   = AP2
2 2

2
1
4
(d 2 ) − (d1 ) 

1
2 2

(d 2 ) − (d1)  = AB
2 2
ID
= AP
U
4
(d 2 )2 − (d1)2 = C
YG

2
(d 2 )2 − (d1)2 = C
d 22 = C2 – d 2
1
D

18. O 2.5 m Q P
2.5 m
U

6m
T
(OP)2 = (OT)2 + (PT)2
ST

(OP)2 = (2.5)2 + (6)2

= 42.25
(OP)2 = (6.5)2
QP = 4 cm

132 Mathematics-X
 P

30°
19. O T

60
OQP = OPQ = 30°

OQT = 90° (Angle between radius tangent)

E3
TQP = OQT − OQP
= 90° – 30° = 60°
20. AP = AR = 4 cm

= ID
CR = CQ = (9 – 4) cm = 5 cm
1
2
[AC + AB + BC]
U
1
=
2
[ 9 + 10 + 11] = 15 cm
YG

c
F b
D

21. o r
E
U

B D C
a
ST

b – r = AF, a – r = BF
or, AB = C = AF + BF = b – r + a – r
a+b–c
This gives, r=
2

Mathematics-X 133
 O

22. (Theorem 10.1, NCERT)

Y X
P Q
23. Join OP C2
C1
AB is tangent to C1 at P and OP is radius O

60
OP ⊥ AB
A B
AB is chord of circle C2 and OP ⊥ AB. P

Therefore OP is the bisector of the chord AB as the perpendicular from the centre

E3
bisects the chord i.e,
AP = BP
24. ∠OAB = 50°

ID
x + B + OAB = 180°
x + 90° + 50° = 180°
x = 40°
U
25. AK = KC …(1)
BN = NC …(2)
YG

KN = KC + NC =AK + BN [from (1) & (2)]

P
26. POQ + PTQ = 180°
6 cm
60° + PTQ = 180°
6 cm T
D

O 60°
PTQ = 120°
6 cm
27. AC = AF + FC = 10 cm …(1)
U

Q
AB = AD + DB = 12 cm …(2)
BC = BE + CE = 8 cm …(3)
ST

 BD = BE 
 AD = AF 
 CF = CE  …(4)
 
2AD, 2FC, 2BD are obtained
Replace from (4) in (1), (2), (3) (So that in (5) + (6) + (7)). 2AD, 2FC, 2BD
are obtained.
134 Mathematics-X
 AC = AD + FC = 10 cm …(1)
AB = AD + DB = 12 cm …(2)
BC = BD + CE = 8 cm …(3)
Add (5, 6, 7)
2(AD + FC + DB) = 30
AD + FC + DB = 15
Substitute values from (1), (2) & (3)
A

60
and find. AD = 7 cm, BE = 5 cm, CF = 3 cm.
28. PA = PB 2 O
4
1 1 3
So, ∠2 = ∠3 = (180° − ∠1) P
2
B

E3
1
∠2 = ∠3 = 90 ° − ∠1
2
∠4 = 90° (Angle between tangent & Radius)
∠OAB = ∠4 – ∠2
 1  1

ID
= 90° −  90° − ∠1 = 90° − 90° + ∠1

∠OAB = ∠APB
1
2
2 2
U
2∠OAB = ∠APB
29. OP = 2r
⇒ QP = QP = r
YG

O P
Q
D

B
U

Consider ΔAOP is which OA ⊥ AP and OP is the hypotenuse.

OQ = AQ = OA
ST

(Mid point of hy potenuse is equidistance from the vertices).

⇒ OAQ is an equilitateral triangle.
⇒ AOQ = 60°

Consider right angled triangle OAP

AOQ = 60°

Mathematics-X 135
 OAP = 90° ⇒ ∠APO = 30°
∠APB = 2∠APO = 2 × 30° = 60°
PA = PB (tangents)
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA
In ΔAPB = 60°
180° − 60°

60
PAB = PBA = = 60°
2
⇒ each angle of DPAB = 60°. Hence Proved.

E3
m m
13 c m A 23 c m A
11 c 18 c
R R
cm cm
B2 B5

18 cm
4 cm
2 cm

5 cm

ID
15 cm

29 cm
4 cm 4 cm
O Q O Q
7 cm

30. S 31. S
4 cm

11 cm
5 cm

U
C 5 cm P 4 cm D C P 11 cm D
YG

PC or CP = 5 cm r = 11 cm
B
2
y
x
y
D

32. A 1 O Q
35°
U

C
In ΔABC, ∠1 = 90° (Angle in semi-circles)
ST

∠1 + 35° + y = 180°
90° + 35° + y = 180°
y= 55°
ΔOBQ, ∠2 = 90° (Angle between tangent and radius)
∠2 + ∠x + ∠y = 180°
90° + ∠x + 55° = 180°
x= 35°
136 Mathematics-X
 PRACTICE-TEST
CIRCLES
Time : 1 Hr. M.M.: 20

SECTION-A
1. In the given figure find x, where ST is the tangent. 1

60
T

x-40° x
S
O

E3
2. In the given figure if AC = 9, find BD. 1

A B C

ID D
U
3. In the given figure, ΔABC is circumscribing a circle, then find the length of BC. 1
YG

A
m
3c

M
D

N
8 cm
m
4c
U

B C
L
4. From the external point P tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre O. If
ST

∠PAB = 50°, then find ∠AOB. (Delhi-2016, CBSE) 1

SECTION-B
5. If the angle between two tangents drawn from an external point P to a circle of radius
a and centre O is 60° then find the length of OP. (All India 2017) 2

Mathematics-X 137
 6. In the following figure find x. 2

X x-1
x+ 1
O

60
P

E3
7. Two concentric circle with centre O are of radii 6 cm and 3 cm. From an external
point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to these circle as shown in the figure. If
AP = 10 cm. Find BP 2

ID A
U
o P
YG

SECTION-C
8. In the given figure, AB is a tangent to a circle with centre O. Prove ∠BPQ =
∠PRQ. 3
D

R
U

O
ST

A P B

9. In the given figure ΔABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 3 cm,

such that the segment BD and DC into which BC is divided by the point of

138 Mathematics-X
 contact D are of length 6 cm and 8 cm respectively, find side AB if the ar(ΔABC)
= 63 cm² 3

F E

60
B C

E3
6 cm D 8 cm

SECTION-D
10. AB is a diameter of a circle with centre O and AT is a tangent. If ∠AOQ = 58°
find ∠ATQ. 4

ID B
U
O
YG

58° Q

A T

ppp
D
U
ST

Mathematics-X 139