)Here is the beginning of page 58 Ch3 (
:Some problems in translation
The first problem is: the engrossing effect of source text patterning
?Who can explain the first problem*
If we have collocation in Arabic and we have the same collocation in English with the
same meaning , so the translator when he translate fron Arabic into English would be
assisted by this meaning in Arabic, and may be there some differences in the meaning
in English. For instance in English, we say 'break the law' but in Arabic we have another
collocation which similar in meaning but doesn't agree contradict the law, so be
.attention as a translator to read the differences between them
.The second problem is: misinterpreting the meaning of a sourec-language collocation
? If I ask you to translate someone with modest means how to translate it into Arabic
يعني أنا هنا أشير للشيء اللي عند الشخص وهي امكانياته وليس للشخص، ( ترجمتها" هنا امكانياته المتواضعة
)بعينه
في النصcollocation (هاذي المشكلة بأختصار" معناها أن المترجم أحيانا ً قد يسيء أو يخطأ في ترجمته للـ
) األساسي وهذا قد يكون سببه تداخل مع لغته األم
.The third problme is: the tension between accuracy and naturalness
For instance when asked to translate 'good law or bad law' in Arabic how to translate
?it
هل نقول قانون جيد وقانون سيء؟ بالتأكيد" ال
When we translate it into Arabic we say
)(قانون عادل وقانون غير عادل
Here we talk about the justice , which mean you have to be near and accurate to the
.expression you are use
Another example here (hard drink) when we translate it in E we mention here to the
'alcoholic drink', but when we translate it into A we refer here to the which kind of
.them
ii
IDIOMS AND FIXED EXPRESSION (p67)
deliver a letter, delivery of a letter, a letter has been delivered and having delivered a (
letter are all these are collocations and we find they are not fixed expression we can here
)some changes and still consider a collocation
Idioms and fixed expressions are at the extreme end of the scale from collocations in
.one or both of these areas: flexibility of patterning and transparency of meaning
.They are frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form
:Here we want to compare between the idioms and fixed expression
the fllexibilty of patterning it consider very sicsed pattern we can not make any (
changes of it , when we discused collocation we find it very flexible pattern we can
make some changes in the order of the word , but for idioms and fixed exprssion there is
) no flexibility pf patterning we can not make any change in pattern of them
in transparency of meaning in colloction we can understanding the meaning from the (
individual words and which exist in colloction,but in idiom it is impossible to
understand the meaning because the literal meaning is completely different form the
)intended meaning
:A speaker or writer cannot normally do any of the following with an idiom
.Change the order of the words in it-1
delete a word from it-2
.add a word to it-3
.replace a word with another-4
.change its grammatical structure-5
As their name suggests, fixed expressions such as having said that , Ladies and
Gentleman as well as proverbs such as practice what you preach and waste not want
.not
) األبيض ليومك األسود7 المثال الثاني معناه وفر قرشك،(المثال األول معناه أنه ال تأمر الناس بشيء وأنت ماتسويه
.Fixed expressions and proverbs often have fairly transparent meaning
.For instance, pull a fast one or fill the bill
.The first one mean: you successfully deceive me
The second one mean: he is appropriate to that job or he is suiable for particular
.purpose
The interpretation of idioms
Some kind of idioms are very easy and you could understand its meaning or studded it
several times, so as a translator to be very easy for you to trnaslate it for the source
language into the target language such as the common idiom raining cats the dogs mean
it rains heavly. And also another idiom spill beans it means to let secret information
.become known
There are two casrs in which an idioms can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already
:familiar with it
A) Some idioms are very misleading the seem they are transparent I could understand
them but in fact the not like that for example: take someone for a ride
) (بالعربي معناها اقتلوه او فسحوه بالمصري
أنك راح تعرف معناها ولكن في الحقيقة7 تكون مضللة بحيث تتوقعidioms (هاذي النقطة معناها أن فيه بعض
)معناها الحقيقي يختلف تماما ً عن معناها المترجم حرفيا ً مثل المثال السابق
B) an idioms in the source language may have a very close counterpart in the target
language which looks similar on the surface but has a totallt or partially different
?meaning. For example: has the cat had / hot your tongue
)(معناها بالمصري هي القطة أكلت لسانك؟
قريبة جدأ في اللغة الهدف وقد يبان لك في أنها متشابهة7 في اللغة المصدرidioms (هاذي النقطة معناها أنه فيه
)ًولكن يكون لها معنى مختلف تماما ً أو جزئيا
In French there is the same idioms: 'donner sa langue au chat', but here in French the
.'meaning is completely different it means ' to givd up
So sometimes the same idioms in the source language and in the target language, but it
.meaning in the target language its completely different from the source language
The translation of idioms: difficulties (p71)
a)An idioms or fixed expression may vhave no equivalent in the target language. For
.example: Merry Christmas its related to the specific religious
And sometimes the idioms related to the some culture events for instance to carry coals
.to Newcaslte, here only te English people can understand the meaning
) في حارة السقايين-المياه- تبيع المية7 معناه بالمصري العامي "متروحشidiom (هذا
b)An idioms or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language,
. but its context of use may be different
For example: To go to the dogs (in English language it means " to lose one's good
qualities). But in German its completely different its used in connection with a person
)and often means to die or perich
ولكن، واللغة الهدف7 في اللغة المصدرidioms and fixed expression (هاذي معناها انه إذا عندنا نفس
) في اللغة المصدر يختلف تماما ً عن معناها واستخدامها في اللغة الهدف7معناها واستخدامها
C)An idioms may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the
.'same time. For example 'poke his nose into' and ' I'll cut off my right arms
.)( هنا األول معناه " أنت تدخل خشمك في كل حاجة ليه" والثانية معناها " أقطع يميني لو هذا حصل
d)The very convention of using idioms in written discourse, the contexts in which they
can be used, and their frequency of use may be different in the source and target
.language
بس في العربيwritten text في األنقلش ممكن تكون موجودة فيidioms (هنا معناها أنه ممكن يكون فيه
)spoken language ممكن نستخدمها في
The translation of idioms: strategies (p75)
. a)Using an idioms of similar meaning and form
:for example
:source text
.The Fayeds have turned the pre-bid House of Fraser strategy on its head
:Target text
. رأسا ً على عقب،وبهذا يكون اإلخوة فايد قد قلبوا استراتيجية هاوس أوف فريزرالسابقة على عرض األمتالك
b)Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form
here it mean the meaning in source and the target language is the same but the structure(
)is different
c) Borrowing the source language idiom
d)Translation by paraphrases
:This is by far the most common way of translating idioms. For example
:The source text
.The suspension system has been fully uptrated to take rough terrain in its stride
:The target text
. رفعت طاقة نظام التعليق بحيث يتغلب على وعورة األرض7وقد
e) Translation by omission of a play on idiom
.f) Translation by omission of entire idiom
it understood we have an idea but we can not translate it iont the target language , so (
.some expression come can not be translate it so we need to delet the entire idiom
وموفقين ياااارب
