Uni - y
5 ek. Theory
7 Relea
p banteon—
evi
plans 4 Set AL » Neural Nennor
(Dea Cancer balan
piserale “Maths Crap ays cen element
fontunuos Maths 3 ugh,
4
~ |
— = oe a well deined collection oy
__ distunck__ elements ean be order or
jes ap Lib ey
= ass aye, Ld, [Rule Hettod
jameor methods the olemenls are
7
Commas i nclosed within
i ad mas
sat © Builder Method
bs px: LU a Yon}
na ipa as\ Null Set | empty Sa) Youd Set
4 / b/ It Cf > Nol a null cet
b- § )
t CDNAS a
Y Sin eon Sb» A seb which te , SINge Ae rrvep;
a) Sing oo pHi 4 :
+) Puke SAa> Countable lo eenents |
pete SA? Non- worduble nb uy 215
at
i)
U2 se 4s eo ed
Pi, 3 - - j|
Page
subset’ PP @ the @ let Aan B be twp
sus. lf wey element of set A ib present
un set B Wen sad Ais called _as subcet
4G sit Bond set & is called sup uperset
A ee denoted. by symbet ALB whee
34,8]
Be pt, 251th Br bd IF a
Brnpertes D subset
mt Ae “set US the subset Le ACA
ts the Subset Of aa
4 Ate su oy BCC AEB E BEA
then A=B +
Universal set! whith conta _every wet
ee Auman Beng a -ieee
he ka HE ft which contains
z
ol _sucbseb: et denoted _
— le © Zh, ba ae a
| tc gl fy -
aE tata del} ———
- he — total number element na power set
i eELe = “ aie nthe _no. ie _eleniert
eae pow asel of A= Sedat
iy Ay “ht {a.feity
aagen eb: lb A and B are HupO Sete q
“ebment oh set As present n B sy
element set Bu present Ww cot fie
then we say A_and & are agit e
Vey Operations Oph Se Sel
oe a a
Ql Intersectuon rproticke _
_ i Compl em a a
7 Sea eee
4 Symmethic De perenee =
(Dun opal, iP
tet A ond BB mre two seb then
the __unuon @ wo sets 20
ni reA or Le Bt
fAuB=
t
ers
S34, 6,44
Ae PL didi, ©, 4
= “Sagmaeaion? Let. A and Bone tun “sets,
the neecection. Ge set 1s Genie be
— ANBS: far LER and. eB
Asal opment “the. te aa 2- |
do nol belongs do see ns Mh bs Lt
i: majo a wuvosal sel
denoted. by A ox A’
A i xi ze DU and xp lh whae ve
une untversal set
eho! compument let A and & are
sets" then , the relalwe (wo Vth
f ar n wrt wsad A uw denote
= fms re A andl 1 et By
ee let A and & “be
ae ws clenote,
ADB e aes ‘V(b 5 7
ase: “A= =f! hai 6 a -
Rules Sets Oe
St font ious
1 ptt a bh) ANA = 3
4) ommudate a a
Q) AUB= BUA
AN B= BOALHS[et_x.€ (Av6)
“-) x2 6A Ob LEB by unton dy cntion
=) a fe REA i lunlon Cferuteon
as € (BUA
- AUAE puA —-(
Re ee BA
— xEB oy Ken:
_ =) 2eA pr rep
= Le (Bua).
—Hentt, ‘ten (Aub) --
(kG) VA = BUA
Belief oe
I Taagien= ran Beis
. i’ Ate ake a
ae AB
pk re /f AUB) AC
{HES a
Se SAU nec.
2) res A of xeB and xeC
= }ie A by KEB and EC ang xec( by
| : en (
l=) | ref fd 26. Kec OY xeB and xe
ale nC.) or pylon
7 3% xe fAncy vfane
; Ae “(ancju(ene)-l 1)
— ence] aue)aC) =
eee
- ae Ee) Uc)
(one) yt“xe A a7 and xeCor XEB ond 2001
intersection. ae
a oy XEB andre C and vel
xe A XE and releuc
- rr a or 2€ A and rec =e Wa]
— zal UB) and ve C at
—_ 4) re / NC IS
to Janey neve inl!
_ dont ODL fil
Hone -
fiué)ac = (RAC) mas oe
i
Mees Vg
= ved or tee me
=) 2¢A and rep: :
=) 1 (ANB) : a
e(Aney A-_ ~« fF . aetna
G Prove (Aba) Ava
u
p fre that xu(y z) -Wrwy)- Cz x)
tl X,Y and Zz be Mite sete
t yn $
: © €e(KU(Y-2))
22 nevus cron)
DL KAY D
LEX Dr xe(¥-z)
> HEX por KEY and xgZ
» Ay, Or LEY and r#2Z [ by xAxed)
=) XEX and £EX OY LEY and xf
LS to Oy and et X¢Z. and LEX
-) ye(% and xfz 4 ex
. Bias xOh andrde
ee "re
eh and x¢(Z4) ~— ,
xe(xUY4) — (z-x)
: ey xuld-z) & K vy)-(2-*) -
xe iv4d=(z-%) -
ECW) and ne [Z-x)°
ee (KU 1) and xkZ ang XEN
LEX or LEY Ong v4Z and XEX_
— LEX and rex or 1E4 and réz
— xe NX) or re’ and r¢z
KEN or xeY and xe
Lex Capi?
- XE (CXYY-7)) 7
Mente Fexuy — (2 e xu(y-z)————ardinaltly. gy so Toba no Yelerasrds
Balled cain gf? se
twins 1 ation
gave) = nay (8) n(and)
= ich 8) 8 tea “hy,
ap aera 49 |
4 nang
AA) og [A]
nfEAQ= sp
ALP NA) = 95 ;
al Gnas =16 a
PNGNH=O + 7
h_{LPVGUN) = loo
| fe Ke) | 2 _
I | _4 pipple takung Fae rly =
No. Of —pueple taking Gpynian only =
nin. Of_Puaple “aklg Mindi only
wang atltat ond
Oe tiot 12113 +F +8
Guts Fhanh (2) = 55 _GNE = 26
Gpman(4=46 AF = 7
be English (6) = NS Ci«E NG = 80
; ee Total no Stud enk= 30
= tla knows nove 0 tht lan Pata
_ Studewd + know Hue
Student knewMULTISETS 2 itis @ collection 0 elementt
‘where an element can _ecuer member
g mere han _ehee they or, multe uv a cel
0 which elements not _necessarly
ae 4 7
{,1,4, 8), 3,4
It # be witthen id
ee) Fa
wot: FA i
Ay» Ny? a = ana
Thus — thal 0, occurs ty tomes vA
ty tinea. Of aeons — Met
ie ie On.
i PYpensPliclr fof AN ELEMENT
iH dire Eye plement. ule
dened tap tunes the con
“a pI tated ee
= | CUAL
40
get “he £4,114; R134 °
"Siikad}
tpt on Hubtsee
ae f4,4,1,2.0,9 we take HEY.
Be fd, 33/4f : dent ere
Avb= fited, 2/2/318)4 ¥ ~ Babe Stnv 7: [Date i
| Gin _ J
I! | —_
"eu we consider the ene aD 1th. — Hai
8 _ eceunence :
—_[fntuuction* |
a ANB = fa ay
—___ LDiperenck |
ee fp Z
SUM ae ase Auld, [
| AtB = $4)4,4,444.2,2,5,3,3 1 +4 ao x
Se] 1) AUB = fsa, be Fay
i LA faa —- —
- A-B= fa,4 a an
_ “es As fh b Say o
: hits plese, Site, 4a} — -
| Ordered Pain: the representation r
orde
See Loythus—a ap
for. ate ub) san ordered peur , phe
bratkel stn. 4 cath _ Glement Ja
ALD pl
=poston of cement 'a' u flred at jie
plait and. b ual seitnd poule
cartesan Produced 2 Sds i lh da set
cndeed pair tn whith just clement delony
qust sel aud second element belo!
je ut wond wa :
an = S(ay)t ve Al peas ,
> fot A and § be -huo non~ np sits « the
carte yeduct etn wd ate
sit _¥ ordered. (uy) whee cen avd
eb = . :
to, ABE
Sy he fab! bf fay
AYR = $A) b)
geifeale (a2): 44.9 Danaea?
ty
Mode: “the total a0. Ap es andl = [A]
" nal__the cation pa Tam
teat Ae fF Oy } er C=fai3y.
Bind Aebxe=?
fll AXB= Spl
he ND tight
See
HER OEa) AYE PAC)
a thal acd UPAR) whee Hed
pe
at) Cad fe € (RUE)
=) retard. 4g" or oa ies sunt 00H
2 io. rT re
: oy &
3 ee sia) Se) bat)
] a Pr
P geile OP RvA aa)v(rk)
- fa fe
L on (PQ) U (nt
Bey er fae 4
—t ee and te Pond “yer OY 4
4) ne Fri? and a
2y xe(PAP) year ye
yege, it 4
om t ne a ow ve 4
a) xe
: t TMenet 5 4 a SAY ;
— a Aopunties % comeesion — Phoduet -
_ a B,C ond ‘
ia bah: inated a
VK yn: (BxC)
Siu’) (au) xc-= (OY (Bx -KEUATIONS :
Binily Relauon & + A byw rela
From A to 8 > : —~
| 7 AXB:
wad agh and yeb, “ky t
Max Woo he 7ilwkn = REP a mew = a+
tf Sa Au ose A={1,a,54. Poul Hl
| relat __ on. _& os.
R= [eles —*2 eT
| cortestan product Aye
Ato B wu the ce Oh
R= A SYUX Tass syo
AKL ahaa ets Ded :
PREACH DPSS 24 -
; Guang { ry) xt _duutclen Pee , ho Yexfyly
kz $l 4), (14),U sat 2), 15,3}
4) We aro gout. Re Ax
—_TI | yuan aint
| Awe ua Chan)
aYauch ital
Type Of elation
quently — Reladion
inverse — Relation.
in ytloluon Ron sel on ts called
t ielawon :
: nl Oh My VACH fayayer
fd, L22)L5,9)} :
ne i Y( (2p
verse Acta’ f idation® on Te de ed aA:
aa: Ag “lia? edd a a “
EE eta
Bs Ms Mins 82
: eT oa
masta QP RELATIDN
t Arrow bag :
| Matnx Reprecenratuon
Dade Crraph oR (bag up)
fort) Avt0W pD4O
}4} A\ Rete
as
jie Relobio |
sc _the_Faloduon 01 gtk AL, then the
eal “Fey “yA ae, fagaryer «|
4 2
3) Mains 4| 0 _©
ou al O
5{ | 1
Me= § (uy er 4
; R eee
Per _tdewcLdy _Relatum =
a.) _puréek _fyuapli
—___—4f ay a —
oo
— folation
AU tenon empty 26]
Mlotecnt,
[en
west Ce, 8), USNY
ne AA
= Sh Wo (s fe at
~_Piher
‘en
ae om
6 non- &
Lice ‘the
Non—_Replene — Relatupn. *.
ean ub not st
property ra) a ov ste tent relation:
rey lenbe *
Aud (ad, WASDT Jay 7
aNido
NS — \ ue
se a ee ree Au colle
iO 2,
ERGO Na
ct ‘ns la
ka hon Sth ALR OU Caled
" summetyle Retoduon.
i} ay PPR = (bayer +, where ben
oe
(3), a 3d); (3/4
i i209), a0 », ft) ay}
ches
(2334 .04)3
oe Ean ead hs
OretL Oo Sqmmeine ek
o|, A —Relahon R wall) “Heol an sok gy al
weep uy plane. 1s thu relasiob
symmelrt At — Ahh a tue
(y\ at ey he CAs :
4 th. ull > a
te by L pope}
Rcummetrt Relotwor ; A veloc et ALL
ga sim fbee Sage
§FUdPd Gay
i ‘lotion.
dk Roth the retin on get A Rb called
nth ye nvienever b(uber a A {nbbee
=) az
io de relation Ay
fo
b= SF (aa), (444
C Mowe to check te fet ae wd, [beat
ozb, 4, dements ~ are - Avent Wle| e MSA
naan, in ateadip tan die” yma 0dubpy ae ud
fw pout ~ port | ton a
ant vi
aha a Meena es feount ie bs ‘k Ww e
= a) sy ae fot A alee “ert
ws Bi |
ly
WU rl yrametn ras
4 cannot be nmin Rolotus
—~Q)_A__summebie ramuln’c ytohy
ae fA rOoton
hare no abportkt to uth eh
| —syhtnahse ai tls falls
ante ee Alaa set ft
beat, (ub)en ond (bs) 6 Rithy
1 fae) er, where ‘tha
ta Hep Ge Bats 2) Yb Mawailat
——— Rk = ff
jot sf ii a tamtuwe £2 aly
oye a ca
) a rp
“oe aie Wteby a
——t tel ay —
Heat Se ta ea 4 —
he “on Ndi ond Ry
renin on MN .
R = [lowaay =
a esha: A relation I's called.
| : fe =
Relation = eh
a Leper ay dat A fl} + A rahon & gn cet r deyire
ps RF CHU, (10) (2, Cds (3,3) Fats es
mihi ‘egutvalence yulaken
& Ref (edve: ReAKOL v
muni bg Relation vo
tina Retadon v
{fen ne wi the ete dymmebre
ponte properties . Here pls t equivalence
_Aelatuon
| cub A=fyl,2 B-— 0
Rm st Ad rier Ae feup)i (ry) u
ee aeT " aloe by
i Pyove that. 7 u publ Related
alk = neh (210 Y, (42
Phe. eh (6; 2), (24)-
al)
oe Rua ration on set A
_ a Relakn
dik wea
=) ark
20
3 e ui duindcble by 6:
Ment, (a ek 4aen
Rs oe
te Spmmetare”, R
| — He lb beh, ee “ale
=> lab) y dual. by 6 ¢ hy agiaion)
oft Ate deixisible by 6ent Ro Syenmnein' Relatiov SS
BI thancture Relation oo
aH HE yb ON jek —.
det fur) OR and tb, DER
Od aut "I Cb ac uve y,
1a
| sh ek beg = fh:
eee |e oe
Sy
AM EO
_ | O-C =A K PL) -
n=O dive by 6
80 faeyer . —
___| Manes
onee
2 4 Lub rekp (b,0)ER, then (acleR
i g f ha rt 0 . : _
_ a Ri dqutlanee —felatidn. _
SS eg
_ we. 1
e p itt m be a ay Ww wrth m>]
_ Show wot — Reltton Ro TL deopned as
he = 3 tyyl¥ ee Ylnwod in) ¥ Oo ow
| “pula ef “Relation: =
Sot qpltdve RelaHon Re rer.
L4_ael
=)A-a :
=>
ou Sula dys duuceble no
Hone Rt “a valence akin
, | |
\
|
: / Syoumette kelakon = __
|at
u
; |=) tb ck.
1 7 bez
ee bade k
ab) la _duxsible by mM [by dete nator
ut
€
nk - rKS Ladey €% |
Add O21. Q
ARCS CRI) a
eae 6. fata) .
—Mewee 0 _v “rranslwe Relator. . Hence by
tt ale a
: aut) de Nw a get “pata muunbis
— | A__heladoys _ Rm _ NX dened. by
—| ee fade) ad= bo. Prove “sae k
eee oguttvalence velit
4d kh elation op NN
| te Rotation :
b EN MM ah./ tL Sak ab= a bg ronunuale :
eae bens Cae) [a D4 400
reer 2
all pint tani ——
+b ay br den.
ded cau) bod) NAN a
| oes Eas R_Lad) .
=) “be =a oe
= b= aa. [by commutative
Henet. . ab Led )RLayb)
fyormebre a
aj). wunudwic. Redaction. 1
ab Cy
ee [ab) cenit, penn
te Pasay HEE 8 Hap
ae fs (ate) - |
|
|
) ad=bo _k xde a
)_td = beh Aad f= ae -
“wow DAG. a
=) Ade} bed e_ a
thou) k (td) and [0,d) apy
DhALAe.
Aun (4b) k laf -1
my) det Now a Sth Of atl ne
eR nest pit Nay degurd buy
“haan tb Crd! (
gy EBS aa (sac) = becard
sid Lip
we w, Lo u_ QUA. eQurval-eney vibiter cy
pee eee Ne heel ye ay
— ipl ain om cet A
— (aaeR Sunee Ki —_tquvalende
_ dl a aa
% nr
LL. Chamte ners
ait i eal
peed
=) tab) ichee suit | Kk uv CQurvalenar
Intact -
Cea 7
aad
habe ad tb, 0)Page
2 (have and Leb) ( ob) eR!
Waku _ In resae = :
Ql _Phale Rand lobe —
Fo LGD ER und fb ayek
— iE 77 wi GA) e R dune RU Pp ug,
y aku LAWALL
—=l fae) et
Me Ra qulvalenes — yeipy,as * 5 : 1.)
ae Kelate: OR san couivaleney Wake Oy
Sit A. the ¢ 0
A all elementt
—tit__£@ related tp an plewent ae
Sp Anlled —tgusalenee — chase oo| a€faj
; bef a] then fa =
ether pal=pyy DK ie ae
uf 4 -fay=fb] then Cayb) er
QO} tue ais the 4et 0 idepers and yolatton p
| on sa Tig an Meee , edakuon aud
Aenea. by a
‘pony
; ne gt * (04 td) [a-b) ts diuiitie
Hid 5 Qguivalenct clase s sand b &
st) oe $2 c10,1,2,3- wy,
POJE PGE BO, 3,6,%1- f
¢
fa]= fo F-41095, QILIF y.
[2]}
HY r a
— f: OS nen.
Su Deter — wheter erin 0 >
—— ai 1 ee
- ar ov —
BE rT pre tpl one px onto yar L—
S Boon iF
v @ tt
Puts" A/ti= wid: wom ¢: tot —
Idevth, 4 ynckon ne
—_& F_y - Qe
The _iuntHon ¢: AA deLined Jen, Yaeh
1s 4 called Zaerity dindint denoted by
% i oe
TL My
isp | Eq As $19. 3Y a
}Ava eA __ erJreese ution
a funtion, par Aw? bry
apa uncon hp Lye ayy
. u urchin. oh ayy yy,
eloment a ue the mr Yury a
nen auch. Hot mei flat te
tf
LE
p ieee ice
ft
be: (Web
{A=
| Ua
A) | det A yurckon 22 29D cule Hat
A { 7 a
hae einen LS yrvertable
a
bijective pure Lone te ‘al eis
a One to one junction
tf 4(a)s/ pb) az “woh aber
é& ut boy : -
gh tLe -
Q=h
i Mente »xunchone f uo _pne~ one
ef) _Onite une toh YY b- pet
bet:
(4.
iis, b
> 5 % eTPa meas. that — b Dv
ies scoeeD) Inbeger. Munrepare
ber the 0m Tn
(ay
a
= i Mo Pa
eee Ho =Spxt>
wk p/P He : Be honetes
SE oy |
I 4
i [x)= A
| a oR
um a oerOnto unet”
i yn ch ,thoe erulh a ungurge eB guth
for ™ Ha ALD t whith Vue dana
ip =x. nee f ie a
onte_cyank? hl
Clg i tb ath,
Onin uncon Mm eA.
pel A.. we hae pre-
B . Ihagere h a AL tila?
Composduon 4 june”
wunct” mM AWB | ’
ie br fe Onubn ; d vee
lu idenated by, Ng APC t
GVCO™ FE”
ib gi A$ ft
= tts peer a 4iD= a, gtoal
Abid= eet [gee ew
fu? sti ae ae ee :
tf fap=b fos coy faa
jon sen
= 0)
14°} }éty= a8: 7 te " be thet wunetun. fo,
; uF gut di i ad to ALU Mequnia ty
1 4h0-= ¥
[ x) = er, :
| hind ie) oe |
Se pa |
4s . 4lfe) : = Blanes) |
Tt el
— = + oe = eee |
_ ae oe -_
ga
| 7 btw) ra = —“
| “Blt = a : 4 —
AROR de by hix)= x7, fend
Ha: [yoa of. (x \ fiat : at
Farol Stag
eo Hot (1)
af (god)
a 1 [ahcx))) = =H) — - =
SJ +3. aye
Bo,tt
“fhove_ that i pif B and. at 6 20
Nee {anal ue “0 gop |
=r ie cde tas uuneliow “tu | f 4
He af ee —_
oud 3 aa beet nn
4 ra Son. Ef.
RS ey
5 ares = aen —) ~
ta mat as
gt
Oycec gfb)=c —O
; weMy we Que taku de Cowon ny
| Quire 9° wn E
| Pate 2
: “porto diye dood
| os A be baiep 5 *p
“4 7
peat CoAKeeurstvel 4 Ayu ed — Funetions
due junction ie reels by oo
A (atted © reeurstvely dequned jierctecn
ghee are two steps lo dene a reeds
vdunelion with the set nOn~ nega
4 uneg a as. abs domain! ™
r) _B :
4 Base ry he a certaun ar ument
~ bace valle for wohuth purtion doer Mot
I re itself a
J oo ie a a
a repos ip
re! teeuaslve punch wah hep - opr
ee ee Oecd
ty wuie tur Stue junclion. jor DL wine. oo
® i n= D.1,9, a. od i mes
aL sit Sl Sa
J ba Hef 7 7
| —nz0_, then ee (mp
= —— —_ SSS
E aan
Butea —the recuse uncon. bor innai.
Basie slcp
‘h ned @ mal, WON Jno hy
| : ‘
| Reena Step
ry nrl thm fn fret t pred -
puts) dnd dM reoniwe deinalon 4 a whe
ae Wd A ON RO AL nunbhs and 'y
(a & non- i unlegen
1) Bowe Step.
iy n= D thn ar=) |
fone] wen ara
keewsuce Shep
ry nel 1 Wm ars ya”!
ane y @(ab) b dequied bnverstly ae polls
i fo 4 ach
Rudy fo
|
VQ fab bE bea
|
uid) & (4,5 bf Q (la 6
{¢ } ee “be “pn do? fird
{ ; (5516, %)
i! gfa05) =D
(b ld ,5
pRoeD aay.
= Milo 7 ie)
= oti tl =a:—fe}—tha jeune telus 4
Rl ee
LUC
8 £506, L)= OC SN
SS
L(llaee )) +) __™-
= dfyafoi+i tl a
i 20 batt -
fe 4 YD titi) _
= 4 h164 #4 ~—
ro —
ao Me dtgunea fu_ifn\=- tyll
i C
- t —_
; --wh Ackman functor
a \ m=D thm Afmn)= 1+!
b] If m\0 bat n=0 thm flor 6
, hint
tf Ik mio A NAD thm Amr, - ,
Alm-1, A/m,r-'
vp fuid Al 0)
que t med 7, a
$n}
eee a eae Oey
Lay = iho n(n) -
= Alo, Alan). a
cz ALOd)
i
us) Pid A)
Wid, -
kat Alyt= & fl, Bley)
= / Wee)
= AL lDate 7-7 +
~ — Natarutcad Snduchon ~
a he £2 ~yove that Itardat 11 nb
— lo hue, ier AW. Nature Nog.
_ 3
—_ a) Yat Pins ltd bay in = aps) >
3
- a Inductive — bowl —
—— aa ame be nel —|
a Pt "igo 4
7 LHS = RWS a
gt ——
tnajuelt ype —
_ Wh: bats ——tK= kaa) Ke aKT Oo
| ol
Laat Kt) = feissS (keel
p kus ——
AKT) ob tue for n=ke)
TMenae. :
sha ae as fpuven claterbent Ue bue per au
gunslatf(n). * Lpehee to = tn) = nnrnlent) y
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