BCM2043 – Multimedia

Technology & Applications

Chapter 3 - FUNDAMENTAL OF
MULTIMEDIA
MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS :
GRAPHICS/IMAGE
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Graphics
• Graphics are important part of the
communication process.
• They can be used to:
– Highlight information
– Set a mood or tone
– Provide examples
– Serve as backgrounds
– Hyperpictures
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TYPES of Graphics
• Raster/Bitmap graphics
– Composed of pixels
(bitmap).
– An array of pixels of
various colors, which
together form an image.
– Real images – captured
from devices
(camera/scanners).
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Types of Graphics
• Vector graphics
– Composed of paths/lines/curves.
– The data file for a vector image contains the points
where the paths start and end, how much the paths
curve, and the colors that either border or fill the
paths.
– Drawn on the computer – only require small amount
of memory.
– The images can be scaled to be very large without
losing quality.
– Represent images in computer graphics.
– Data format: .EPS, .PDF, .PSD, .AI. (based on tools to
edit).
Bitmap vs. Vector

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Bitmap vs. Vector

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Which one to
choose?

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Image Formats
• TIFF (also known as TIF), file types ending in .tif
– stands for Tagged Image File Format.
– creates very large file sizes.
– are uncompressed and thus contain a lot of detailed
image data (which is why the files are so big)
– are also extremely flexible in terms of color (they can
be grayscale, or CMYK for print, or RGB for web) and
content (layers, image tags).
– TIFF is the most common file type used in photo
software (such as Photoshop), as well as page layout
software (such as Quark and InDesign), again because
a TIFF contains a lot of image data.

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Image Formats
• JPEG (also known as JPG), file types ending in .jpg
– stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, which created this standard for
this type of image formatting.
– images that have been compressed to store a lot of information in a small-size
file.
– Most digital cameras store photos in JPEG format, because then you can take
more photos on one camera card than you can with other formats.
– is compressed in a way that loses some of the image detail during the
compression in order to make the file small (and thus called “lossy”
compression).
– are usually used for photographs on the web, because they create a small file
that is easily loaded on a web page and also looks good.
– are bad for line drawings or logos or graphics, as the compression makes
them look “bitmappy” (jagged lines instead of straight ones).

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Image Formats
• GIF, file types ending in .gif
– GIF stands for Graphic Interchange Format.
– This format compresses images but, as different
from JPEG, the compression is lossless (no detail is
lost in the compression, but the file can’t be made
as small as a JPEG).
– GIFs also have an extremely limited color range
suitable for the web but not for printing.
– This format is never used for photography,
because of the limited number of colors.
– GIFs can also be used for animations.
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Image Formats
• PNG, file types ending in .png
– PNG stands for Portable Network Graphics.
– It was created as an open format to replace GIF, because the
patent for GIF was owned by one company and nobody else
wanted to pay licensing fees.
– It also allows for a full range of color and better compression.
– It’s used almost exclusively for web images, never for print
images.
– For photographs, PNG is not as good as JPEG, because it creates
a larger file.
– But for images with some text, or line art, it’s better, because
the images look less “bitmappy.”
– When you take a screenshot on your Mac, the resulting image is
a PNG–probably because most screenshots are a mix of images
and text.
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Other Formats

• PCX - Windows Paint

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Graphics Design
• Graphics editing programs allow designers to
draw, paint, or edit images.
• A combination of different graphic programs may
be used in creating multimedia presentations.
• Determine the best balance between the size
and quality.
• Use appropriate graphics for the intended
purpose and audience.

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Image Enhancement

• In computer graphics, the process of improving

PhotoScape
PhotoShop
Popular Image Editors
• https://www.digitaltren
ds.com/computing/best
-free-photo-editing-
software/
• https://www.techradar.
com/news/the-best-
free-photo-editor

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Image Processing
• Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital
form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an
enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it.
• Image processing basically includes the following three steps.
– Importing the image with optical scanner or by digital
photography.
– Analyzing and manipulating the image which includes
data compression and image enhancement and
spotting patterns that are not to human eyes like
satellite photographs.
– Output is the last stage in which result can be altered
image or report that is based on image analysis.
Image Processing

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References
• Tay Vaughan. Multimedia: Making It Work, Ninth Edition. Mc Graw
Hill. 2014. ISBN-13: 978-0071832885.
• Zhe-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew.S & Jiangchuan Liu. Fundamentals of
Multimedia (Texts in Computer Science) 2nd ed. 2014 Edition.
Springer Publication. 2014. ISBN-13: 978-3319052892.
• Khalid Sayood. Introduction to Data Compression, Fourth Edition
(The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Multimedia Information and
Systems) 4th Edition. Elsevier. 2012 ISBN-13: 978-0124157965.
• Savage, T.M., Vogel, K.E. An Introduction to Digital Multimedia 2nd
ed.. 2013. Jones & Bartlett Learning ASIN: B00LZM6ESY.
• Parag Havaldar, Gerard Medioni. Multimedia Systems: Algorithms,
Standards, and Industry Practices (Advanced Topics) 1st Edition.
Cengage Learning. 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1418835941
• https://www.ivanexpert.com/blog/2010/05/the-5-types-of-digital-
image-files-tiff-jpeg-gif-png-and-raw-image-files-and-when-to-use-
each-one/

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 THANKS BE TO GOD!

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