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Numerical Analysis

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MD. MEHERAB HOSSAIN JIHAD
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236 views127 pages

Numerical Analysis

gg

Uploaded by

MD. MEHERAB HOSSAIN JIHAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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When a new character appears in your tale, you must describe his looks and clothes in some detail. Lf you don’t, your reader may imagine certain things on his own, which will probably not fit whatever you say later on. Shoat Mahmud Emon 20\9332046 psomatacaarane Numeri2ed- Anodysis 2hlogj2000 beter 4 qnontitetive opproximostionn to the dy 0 5 , Tere morhemostiaod- problem including Oomiderosion od and bounds 40 the. Srondhainuelved At ig he Study of numetuaod- methods tok ottempt ock Hindi approximate olutfons of problems Hadnar than exact ONCD. Gn aatentivia ond engineerty9, Sodken, a Irapetly Cad Problem 18 to Bend the Toot of eqottond of the form, Fo) =0 AF $09 1g o quodtotie, Cobia ot w biquedtostic expnendjon then algeboia Sonmplote ere Wollable Lor exphessing. the nots tn twins OF the cvedHielend. on the othot bond, wher 3H) * % Polynomiad. of highs degnee on on exprenior Tnvolvtig, trantaen dentas. Jonedionr,algeluc Methedy ong ppt ovaileble and recor TUS be token +o find the. Neots by O~PUxImote methods. Root Finding Methods * Biseation Method. * Menotive. Method. * Newston- Raphton Method. Bigeation Method 48 $e te dontinvove In a0 anon ook lied betwee” 0nd. We Set O9=—, ond be=ba. Repent ane. proces of Coleulosing. the Mmpein +o dhe Neus intenwol [a2 ,bal “Thin proces Con be hepeoted Umi the. invewal Contant. the Toot TS WY Amalb ad we, desines "Ibe ol! whene, € 1g the oaaunaey 4* gtep lengin [bee Avex n-th Siee peel cg odes <2 alba 2) < \og.2" = n logy Jog |b a! 2 Ean a. ae log 2 \b-a\ n> lea loQ2 Suppose, [2,3] 2 = 01004 |b-o| = \ lof-srpor \og 2 N>9*96 So, wintmum tomMeer neavineds dsijergon fon deciding when to tenminote the Gompoiectiond —2 A aonvenier® eriterson {8 to Compute the Poreentoage enn Eq (ot n-th Step) dered by, — Xe al é Ex = a XLo0oK, Wohene, 244, 13 the approximate hoot of $6)= 0 Oc Wth Step. “the Gomeviationms @on be terminated When Em beoomer jess thon’ o prenenvibed tolehonee, Say Ep, 4n addition, the moximun numba of Henortioni May olso be Speaified in advaneee Advowlege of Bigee-tion mexhod 5 OMe bieeation method alway onveigent, Since the method boaketa the Toot, the method {3 arranteal +o converge. os Herotion one gondveted the & vol. gets thee, os One Can Quttianiee the extort fh Solvtion og the eqolion. pookh o% Bigeesion method ad Tre convergence of the bisection Method is slows an t+ is Simply bared on halving the intenvol. vy) af one of the titiod. quemed ig oser to the vot, *e will toke. Lowen! numb of ‘temotiom +o Teach the root 2) 4 a forertion $09 fs Suah tho Tr dust tovenes Ane x03 Suah Wd, $9= 27 =0 24 usitl be onoble -to find the lower Quel , o ond LPPS AVA, b, Suen hak Soy 4(5) 0 2 FHO2BZES DTH QAGTS 7: oot |len between | ond 2° F441 210625 ea sete ye P402333 2S 2° F421 0625 = BB PAZLO6RS low, = PAPA SEES ay py = QeRN699 QUA OF 22188 Sen) = 01000064 70. sunnaaaas » gook Wer between DAH 210625 ond . DPALEE99 2+ 740K 22 18g Ster-\2 Stet Oy =24FHOZBBSRS yg = WAC FAAS f= 2 LYON RR 2+ 4(®i2) = -—0000146R% 271099799 " = 2° 240505295 $l) +0 Ooos122 fy = 2 Bh02 Ie) NE Nonaloge pak Foot £8 %= 27400 Atenoction od om MONE OPPHOXt mate. Ths method egines one Voluen -to Stor Ine Solution and Aheve value? need pot necerdortly wrocket the swore The Sit 1g the Heroin meted whith rewire ONE Stestig. volve ob 1. (m6) “BT desmibe Hes method fon Sinatra, vrect & He Aton , Squociion ty =0 Wenamite Ths equodton tn Whe Aon n= Pe) Thene. ane, mony wou +o doieg. Awe, ') Algebwie manipsiection, i) dust odd 2% on both Side. WE Gonside hone gust eomieany fun® to make Poly the Gola lotion, ws fon exomple —» 3 447-2 =0 Gow be. expnamed , gta oul (= 2 | afar ~ 2 ais lo 3 ON, 7 = 2-1 % pe of (HUr2, Let*,o = YX) 2 * ? Ur Ve +o opply {hs method, we hove to Twetity tin engrendion 1g Convegent OH divegenk. At diveyenE yo root ens Son tw meinod, Convergence Aondttion |P'ea\<4 Pe Pe =—t thanetone , [+x (ay 4 | f “2 Ila J u ° Ip IK 1 in (0,4) Boundany , So tne, Netostion MeMed Con opply,. Nua, tn ity 2 Voluey (Boundonisn’) on We eommidented he ps 8 * ° The fnew Method, by re terttg ot cred Valve (- ont). Procedune Fit opproximodion £ 2% (soot) then , Hy a) "HME x, aolled tre previous aoot™ improvement, ( _ then» Ha = Y (Ha) é Xs = 9&2) t ' i ‘ Neg &n) wNnene, N=0,4,2, ... wads wT Woh is the 4treq Potrd= Herodion fonmula , “Thos w & Geb a Seqenve oh Queceeive OPPHOxfnocte deSiste, Nem. 85 the Sepenee eqnyanger to %- Wwomber . , ewotion a. sthen © will be o nest of FO oboe the $00. . nee Q. Find & neat, nook of the, SPOATon enn * moon method. ge see OB vii. eter pits qtemes Qin) = 242 = tine-4 Suy= 0 eare-L =o a ee em pen, XE te wshane, (8 (9) = gn = - Te Hane, po | <4. maintain, So, {hin thenatlor meshed f% applieoble. Toki) %o = OFS then, 1= Pe) = Lu = 918164945 Te or — = 6 ZHIS 63X8 ‘He - | 32S = Ms Vir, oe ETO RD ( Xu = |. > O'ZRGYQIPRE Thy, pete Xs = = O25 50068449 ie {eu ke = Tae = o7S 43499 He =4)/—+ = 0° AOA Tyng 7 ORSI8 Ese? Now, [H%g-%g| = 010000337 SB, the hequined Hoot 18 O'FS4S% Conneop +o foun deeimol. Ploeey _popson method Newton most Powsrtdel ond Well Known ° aD ig one hl fon Solvivg. o noot- Shading. Let, $0 =0 ; supnse % we ane two ok Won fonestfon. I o oO ond tre error fg € he onigirod- quot TS (H+) : $luor@)=2 From tre toy lon ferten axpanaion, we objatn SH +E HOD + EF Gs) Fav ns we =e Neglecting tre Jenm ontoinig. Second ond Nihon gmk powans of © since & fe very rmalt. 30) + EL Ga) = 0 € =— fu) 0, the, $C) 5 y Ho hoot ve how, (Mot gyro Peas Oe, fon Re) 3/(%e) Se Previous Improvement of we oot, 80, $/(2) of ™ previous tmprovemen bm Se Uy = Ky — \ 4 . t s Oy — 2) San) Which Is lnown of Newton Poghion Sonmuta, n44 = Srompre Aleg.% — 42 =0 4 Hd the Hoot by Newton Raphdon method, Soy = W10Q He —ho d a. al FO) = rteleg, © + log, 2 ax (194, Pee = lege “+ log,.% From ne, Kewrton-Hopnon Sommolo , Kasey = hy, — Sony Sn) = Hy ~ MnbeQi my ~ bea bogie FNS oy N=0,4,9,3, wr Let, *> porte N°? 39 nye yo ee 210492 Tog +182 2 a Gl Zle+8 ag = 29744109564 my = 2 PHO64O445 Hay = 27-4 064 6094 Ig = 2974064 6096 Henee, the nequined Volue oF the qeot {3 2 HosH6es, { 92/08/04." Newton-Rophyon method Converge? Wodaticay Sas CL previous etnoh tenm German previous € keow, trom Neuten-Rophnon fonmulas x =X, -— _ Sen) Nh n $n) Sn) Ong Xp) fGen) 20 = +O to Bind the Hoot of {09 =0, SuppHSE, is the oot of thy fonetion Whene ° 7 py = Ofphoxinate neot ov, & = eon atte n-th Hetodion & P= y+ 5 Now, fin) = 9 Beant.) = Toylon Senied expomnon, Sn) +55 (%) 1S $s | ° ee neglearina te Nanar Orie OS 5 we gets Se L(xn) +5 ¥ () + 2_ a (2-D? [5,- ies See OYHOee ++ (ay (P-% ns) $ Qh) +> *£i(%n) =0 We Know, ow, P= Xat & P= Xora tg" or ein Ofer n+i-th iertation i) Tnanement of the previous va Pea Saat §, 4809) +4674") <0 é. 2 4nd Distenentiotion of & su eion of o Seed me 2 2§ FO) Ree is died wove] Ginkg ome yen 3 “S, fee ke 2 Fe face" 7 Meant, EoIon deanegne® Fpodvo-tieolhy. 0 statin eR 7109/2022 Antenpolosion Diftenence operodit y = $09 \ v entny aygument Le , . at *, $0) be a atien fonetion ond h iS any ned Valve, Les Hao 5% Hy, Hg, eevee verry Ma Svah thot, X= Korth 2 Xo= Myth = Mo t2h Aoa= X% 3 ot Show. ; My = Meth ako, 9,= $06) , y= Sees) Y4= 42) “henottdy Awe aifgerene® oo & CRerosteh a dailies Sit Sonos AiBenence OPMotoy , 29,-Y A= Sa-Vy - AD = By Faw -fonuson digenente —> A af foywoud ditference — A~ 3rd Soyworid ditenence —> A? : ‘ \ i fonwond difenence > 2M Sorwosrd dierronee. , 4%, = AY - AY, = (Y_-Y4')-(Y4- Ye) = Wot Be 3% Lorutorid di Berenae ; ay, = i, - iy, = 94-844 34-4, es didkmenee , = Bi B34 - w Y, = Y,-A9,+ 69,- NY, FY. ence “Taole mutans 458 7 Pao —_- xy o & 8 — xX, y, . By, 24 % A ° 4 Oy my AY, a4, < Me %, ay, ny, 6 AY 0% AY ee * ey, t a, . 0 AY, Wo A Ya 74 Dy AY, 2 Ay, AY, av, *5 Bs oo, AY. He Ye ie _ DiBenence oF 0 Polynomial. didfewence oF & PO wh deanee n a4 -2 DQ) = One + On ae Ono” a ate FOG oF, nt " \n- Doerh) = On Gorn) Ona, (EHS oy tern Fer we TOAWLEK) + ay we yet) Yl) = On| er nr xn \ + On-fouas ei shoste wee . 7 nel 1 one? ; n-2 AYO) = Oy On P Ana nh deagnee, poly nomioss Eli fouworia didteence Moxtmumn deanee poll be (A-D. Fiat team will be pnt Bogkwand didsensnee , The diffeneneed 0,-Yo, Y27 a5 --- OW Yar one aplled boarkwond siffenencen {F they one dented by TH, 1TY2 >----- > V8 Teenpeatively. Bockworid di Soqence. openajon V 400 = £09 - fr-19) V9, = I 400) = Seu) - $04-h) 4 \, -\, Voy = ¥.~, YO, = vivvs) = VY. 74, = 4-277 Yo 1d difference. “Tatole “ Basuand di et a2 <7 vw x Y Vv _ Xe yy * oy vo, Xo Yo Tq Wn 3 %3 Ys N43 WU5 7 Yes ; %q D4 V4 Tq V4 Dy Centro. diteneneed ,2 —__ ——__ The eontnol. difenence opesia\ot S ie defined by the relostiom Y,—4> =d Dy, Ys =d3, 3 He = Ser) Sok) x YD 6. 8 & oe Xo * Ody, 2 HY SY. C3 x May, Oa, ox te Fn cg (Oe a a Sty, 5 o4y, 3 My Ye 7 44 9,=09n-t avenogiia operator, delned, dey = [seers + SQ ‘xy \ Shi$tiyg-openo-tet, E E~ inene may Efry = fern) ond ESCA) = $laet2h) EN Soy = $e nh) At Ezd(n) = ter 8) ES) 7 4 (x-2h) EY = D, ana EY, =¥, Relotfon Between Distenence. openotort ) Va4-¢* iy $= ee ae ity b&w wale” Ee’) iv) io 1 AS +a wy) A= VE = SE SM pase Dodo Vil) E sen anid @Mve=a-E£ Moy = whoo = $0) - $0") So. -1 = fog = $0) - E 80s) Slamenitairg the tel , get on) openoton, vei- Ee _ WM O= Eee trom detyociton of Centro. Af Henence , B00 = Soe) — Bim A) 24) = MBO — hep 6 8, 3 i EZ E ) he- BY, gl 2) Srom 9 vn OPMoclayt helocton, MSO = 1 =| OBS Pt PAw 3 \E% 409 *)] 7 bs = 1, (EM, Vo. yt E 05) TE . EY) WV) pe. now, poe (E+E”) ~ 2 =I oot (E+24£ ) wet (e+e +2) pe = ale ~ +4 pe a = + (6 2, ope At _ Wiy E=eh? D> dewvotive , bro u = by tne defination of QWSttng- openoiet, ESO = £0) by “Taxylon Seqded ex Powron, Sard = $0) + h$09 + A Ww £"() +h $09 4 ee Joh) 2 269 + bp soo + Beh +L We aes 2 — . au “EH (14 md pro pt, -- -) $09 Wh ype DBpro E244hd+4 ae B= eh? 3; (t+) Q-v) ° = E-E" a4 Piteve thos, m Ee _ ot ) i Ber ~* LeWsS, By) x Ee fe) pe “ Eat len Eo% (Ee BAO $1) ye exh o\-E )” Goa (ER 2b ye > (E- Qt+E ')e% ertn Sa —-——_ ith. etn ne enn e* “ 2% » (e + een exth Wr2n * 70 » (e eh, roy ge OFAN Paton ~ONtIR Sc (e gtr = ea aR 4nlenpolotion 18 the techntae, of dbtagning. the mos Kuey eStimote of A aesttema quantity ‘det eottatn aumetiow. | let, yetod and Yo Yq Yo, ---- Yn ONE Valuay dwrgrepending- 10 pointy Heyy oy. yy, ovd, following | Lo Xe Entnyy % — asyqumene Aes fon of frteripoloction ? = Soden, Sumo on fold. . PF the 4ynetion dota @onbe exenen ys Pelynemiod with n-th degnee), 'h ° YR TRE ond Bai dodo must be Uniden, Anterpolotion {on ewod- intortves- Newston-Gmeguiys formula. fon Sound nterPotog, Let, y= Lou) ond 95, gy cn --2 <9 Dp the Valuer CortiehPond tng fo Poink %, 4, %o, tatty My, WANE %o, %2 May... ny Qon be nepnenent gf %o, Kerth, Hoth, .... "5 Het nh respectively. Whene, a fg ne dienence between two point. SUPPOLL, Wwe word to Send fw=y ot pot H=%+iLh , hne Um 2 Me we lenow deftrodion of ghspt E“t@) = 4(%+uh) > EVL(m) = L(xo+uh) => SOU) = EL a) \E= 1+4] > M6) =asayy ing. Openocton, FE By Ine binomiod- expamion theenem, On wu 4) 2, Wu-i(u-2) (Arahs Arua + A a ap Ha!) G-%). en) Dar, n\ So we gon wile, Soy = y+ way, + AUD fy, +E DU) a ° ° 2 is eT ont vo He Gy {iis fe the newton Gmegarys Soumula, of fonword Mntertpolation, TS Sndout A, AY, 03 an We need tonwond diftenence “Table, Newton-Gmneqoxys Foumvla, Son Boekwiond inter Polos Let, Y¥=400 and Oy, 5,4, Duin, estes = Oy Yo WHE Vole Qomnen ponding to potwk Xn, Kner, Xn “777 49%, Qn be neprepjented at An-rnh, nwt IN y+ (n-2dh, oo Myt2h > Xn+h Hespectively. 1 _ dhere, 1s the diffenenee beiween wo Points. Suppose, we wont +o Sind SQQ=Y ot Potnk %=%n+Vh, hee y= xan We know Snom deHrodtion of SWiSt og oPeneceh,£ EMNx) = 4(%-+vh) > EYFOn) = f0u4vh) => Sntvh) = EVE, > boo = py > fo= (E*y’y, > to= (1-9 "y, By, Bine mich expawront, TY VIVEN G4 VIVED (Ver (owed ave se... we can wite trod, V(Vva\) 22 V(V-+t) (v Soy _ +V In + =e a (\ = Ay n sees MOH). Wren _ nm hn Te Hntovt v, 97, v3, -----,9" We need ee a erence Table. Anferpolation problema Q. From the, following. toble of yearly premium AM polteden mochning. quinquennial oges mets the Premivny ton polieted rroctunirg ~ ON the ge of- 46 yoard. AID, % § 45 50 SS 60 65 ° Perna: £ D921 A404 g0g3 1862 RA, Sal? The diftenenee toble of the Aiven doston 9 my ty ty 45 DOP a -OrdbR ' 50 2*4o4 ol —6 — 004d 55 2'083 o'lo oral % —0'22 = 60 eg { at 01029 ' ols 65 hw ° To dind 4(4¢),we We Newton -Aneqony Soyrnul™ for, fonwond Hien polodi'on , ~ XX -Y pot, Ws = = 4 S ab Hee, x=46 %o #18 h25 we. Know , P (09) = Roth) = wut) un\(u-2) 93 = Yb UM AY ie iy, + ul x Ay, septs) Ady, flue) = DBA OD KOU? + (9 (0'2-") (0146) + Ax(o-Dloa-or2- 0-046) + -3q 2) (or2-1) (02-2) (0-2-3) @ 01?) Sul 2263 (opgrotimastely)) (avinpone tre. Seqwente of je dot amd us tdly tre. ten) Te get o polynamiad , We \ove, -to put (= we ond ger {pe polyoma. ae oe - -— —ieaeiis the Qubia Poly nomtas. whieh taker : Lollowtng Volver , YU) = 24, WB) 1295 (5) = 336 ond (7) = £20: Henee obtain the. Value Y(8). xy Ao a AD 4 6 Q 120 ° 120 DANG 48 5 336 46% cd F20 384 Su a 2he (2) 9) + eG -!) (126) 2 ne (3) (= -) (5 -") 43 2 $0) 2 2B exten + 6 $e)> 934 62” +u@) + 6 = 990 LES di vee tentnor | Boekwod — dttenenee —dtHenenee —itferer*® Prom {he fo\ioustr|. dole. ,e8Nirote. the pombe ot gitena whe oblosn monks helmeen 46 ond HS. man\d Nov of Mydor'h “39-40 BA Ly- 50 4a. So-60 54 bo- 720 39 we Aecte JZo- 20 B14 B10 Monvd ohove 26 hut lead hon jw toble a a Monkh Nowtsk AY AY Asy AY 4 luc Os TAS) = BA eg x4 + 40 34 42 50 ey 9 _os os 60 424 -16 35 42 AO 159 “4 34. 20 490 CALS 9 osyersyes?) 21 3! -25 4. lore rlors Des Do 5-3, 99. * Ks) S4pa6@ LYR 4(4s)~4l48) 49-3, = A%, Q. Given emr4-2349 6% * Foy 2 1% 2% 64 BS 21g 345 BIA Sind { (#5) Sah ONS R5-% __oe SA VaR Fy oS ee ee x eS AVF __ A A. 2 8 e492 3 ys 6 2% ag é 4 64 24 64 6 5 \25 1 30 ‘ G V4 ° Bs 124 6 Fz 313 42 169 So SID _ ven g th) + $05 OE lay $(ps)= $on)+ VW + ost? S512 +(e wy 4 G58 % X42 oie! at) = 4o|.995 Newton divided Aislenenee interpoloction fonmuloy, Antenpolotfon on unequed- tntervod- Soppose, Yoj9,Y2,----- On ane the Sonetionod. Valuer of dhe Aoy red Pondig Pot %0 2p 5 %z yee. Anat oes SOy The divided dienenee operator 1S denoted by A on (ho y24) %o,.. oe 3%n) and delined Od: vite AY ,- DY, AY, =~ vy = Sei Me 2. Mame O20 Sea gly, = Mim Ai, Ay, = Yar% Mo AY, Ya %o 4 Wy Xy AY, = May 1, - _ &e.- a8, Mey - 4 on, Seu) — 4 $.G) LY Ye +(e ms) = My 26, —%o =e =o, = AY, $ (0,4 4203) = Tet%a) = 50476) Ho Xo Divided diMenense able * BS Ay Mm MY) A CHO Yi - Mo 2 og Bee _ An’, ay by Be-¥ Xg- Xo AY - A% Kq-% Ug -%o Re y AM -Ady * Bg-d2 %8- Md 3 -% 3 Ys BAD Neuston divided ditfenense Interpolation 4onmula Ye $ (0%) =Y + (%-3¢6) MY (1-262) (2-22) AY 6 (He) (0-9) (0-202) BY, Fee vee (fon uneqwiod. (nterwos.) polynomios. ot the lowent posdible sol anbumed the Valued 3,12,15s~ 24 yen jhe Valves 3,2 54,-4 nespeativaly Sol" 5 Fan 4po. given dore the Aivided di fenenoe Jevie *5 given by» my Ae se ae | ae 4-2 4 -2l 1 s 5 _ 4. | 2g ~7 4 | 2 12 -3 | | -9 }a 3B By newton divided diBenenee Jonmnola, $e) =, + (x-es) BY, + (KIO a E (4 -He) (%-%4/) (2¢-%2/) BY, = 21+ (er 18 + CD OCH) + (eri) Ot) (2-2) AA) = -2leignd (@—-WOTF 9B - %- 2aZ Boy \am +6 Q. The. volver of x ond 40) ove. aiven bel, ~ toldh the, help of dota convinuot o divides ~ diffenence lable and henoe find $0) ond 4 4 ak 52 45 5 [oo IF 4 % 294 24 202. 16 900 24. alo 4 t\ 1210 33 BIg 12 2028 ~ alivided Newlors Laokwone diflenonee 16Me formula, (onequod infest. HD = Yen) Ay, + Oe-ndln-n) tb, +O-%e) (2-%,) Qt-X2) Ay, Sq) =4gx(9-4)52 4 (B8-A)[2-5) 15 (2-4) (a-SK8-F) (4 = 44 $iis)=49- + (I5-4)52 + (1s-4)As-8)15 +t Us-H)s-s)(15- 7) 0) “Liis) = 3150 * $ou) ,400) Fea), - <2 Lagnanges ineapton fonmola fon uneqyas § in t We aan foun n-degnee polynsni‘oh by (+t) dot, ANuMe , y bloen!) When = %oy% a - ) %y nespechvely, Ndojo dan nm n diided di enenee. The lagrange’s twlenpolostion fonmule 5 (9h) (20 %e) (HN) -- + (%-%n) ty) = oes na Ran Se) a Lene) (o- 24)) o-22) (%6 Xg) (2-%e) (A~ 2a) (x- %3).-- . ae 46%, 6, ty-%e) O- %a) (%,-% Mg). (pr %n) 4-7) 6-21) y-94).- - — (%,- Xn) F024) (=e) 4) 0-1). en Con) 6ty-%4) Oa« >) ) Ax n) — a BRR tee te, Valve, of She funeton S09 | Bore tae Oe ain Ct 3-5, S@)e5 , H9)= 4 oe Cs Volwes of -£(¢) ond alte WE _ ML oshich 26) Fe gray? mum on psre0in Son. G20b-¥) 0-8) (2-1) G-¥) (8) (6) Q-2)0-¥) (1-3) (4) + (2-1) (2-®) (2-8) + CNO-D O-8)_ 1 (2-1) (n-2) 2) (4) (3-N@-2) @-% (+1) @-2) (9-2) WO) = [ar ony 1s] $= + L- Cone rel 2 5666 $0) = $(-2x+9) ond, Sn) = -4 <0 So max valve. owl, moximum volver bs, ~2KA9Q =0 Wa HS So, Pre mraximwm value will be Yes, aovane anterglsien “Tie pracens of finding, ‘the volve of tre. sigomers assymenponding 40. Aiven valve of +the 4ynetton when Ane atten ig Intotmedtote Juy-tebuloded Volver, 18 Known on invene (wet polotion. Meg Mel pM peewee anne oat an a yer igure / 4 { 02 M4 YL 2H eee Yn Eniny Ho << Xyq y22> interpolation i, % <9 <4, { x=? Invene interpolation. vila, We [Anew from Iggnange's intertpotostvon Sonm Y= GM) Ke). em) center te Ore). (265° x) + (%;-He) (> 4a) —-(47-%y) 4 () - + HIG (x-2¢n) seraant Oey . Yat ~~ *)Q M)-- (%z%n) Ife _ (x-%n-1) ~~ Fim frvawe fnterpolotion, Aust Prtetarorgg, y and % T° aanatden y ap & INePERSEnS BS Postion, “Mot meor ond re of ~ dependord} yoroble-« 80, logrovges inveure fntenigolation eoitt Pe, _O-Bs)Y-Ba)- = WBN) yp ¢ PPNEM) O-y he mat [B= 5) wed) rn) ~ Prayer’) 4 CBU O)O%). OD) 9g, (2°¥-) 4) 4e9,)....- zn) np CBI BIO)---- O-Sner) 56 (2ai%) (RD) (Ui) -—.- Un Yo-r) 4s is tne frvewve Inrenpolotion fom fon tine ynequed fnfeved, (Logrerae®) Pioblern ¢ The follows tolole Qiven the Value 7 of the of the prabobity integros. $e fotee Coymerpondivg to the Qarttarn Valves of x, Son Who \olue of X In the integrod. 4o +? OUS4EE Yo 0°49 345 2% 050245 ae From he logronge invewe interpolation Son muln, ‘ _0-%)( y-y je x ~ ie Sc) Ce) I Cl (0-4) (y- b,) (0-9;) 4 % (4-%) (Y.-%2) 4)” + mbes nba Y2) 9 Oey =" pests) * NE » Y= OS — ~ - oS?) eT: Me 13466-6° sug)" “ _ (0:5 0-49328) (0°9-6° 50295) (0°5 (0-4a466-0° 493as)o aside 0°50 22 gor SHAR) 95- =e ti) © 5-0: 4e4ss) ( (os-o 50225) (c" vo 4935-04 8440) (0 49325-0" -50225)(0 “493 (o-53-0" +8.46¢)(05-0-49375) (0 F- 0° +S CF) ~ xby (0140 225-0-4 2466)(o-50225- 049395) (0 Go2FS — O'SIIGR) fers -or4snce)@rugsas)(os-O58275) (0°51 G7 -0°4 466) (0°511CF -6-N9BRS) (OSH — 6° 70245) w= 0°45 69 Aymesteo. DiStENERTOS™ ds i erdvodive yi Nowtor'S onward Aifenente Loma, 2 The goeem of Galevlo-ting the dentvative of 0 donedion by maw) of a Set of given ‘Volued of thot Ayne-tion ig Galked Numeric brHecentotion, “y bidenentiadian based on Gund tatows. trtegolaton Bind Newtort Soyyreaicl diffenenre * fet 4,0), -- Yn be ro. valued oF o deretion Js is } Cervengena 40 dne— Volver %o,%1,%2, “9% Ob the inte gender voninble x - me Poindy Xi (f=0,1,2, _-.yn)be pos With g 7 ys Porirg h. e () be Teppeperta by Y =P), ) 7 = q+ wh Connide Nastors found dissenener fonmuia U-1 D=PR) =¥, + by, +e ay. a a sunarasecd) pty, toon \ + 3 \) = Y, TWAY + Sut u) 09, te uw Day ' ‘dope 1g th ye 2) Biya eonne 4 +(gqu-qwe+ qt tu) Yo We howe, a ay du _ A dy _ er y= alu ae tha | RH ay 4 AY dn Wh da 4\ 2 1) 2 E fon (uB)tadetorh thin Sounula Son non- tobulo dota. oe A Cepu-latoulo VOU of x, Aon by Seting, ie X= we obtain W=0, hence ey'O aiver 1 7 - 5 hats Lat we - abe Boyt ZY Fe vs] Goth oloutor doo?) Seaond ondadr_de Svative ? The seagnd nk denivative Is objained by difenentiottea OD wd %> dd [is xt al h aw Bearers w du a) ee -siiud Ay h daw ak) ; “ae [% + (u-2)o%y,+ (e Pepe hig f 85 18 480 non-fowuiost dova- fon Jelouiosr data, A =i . t= fe. W=0, weget, Ly =e] 0%, — 0°, ++ 20° z _ —_— u - P 5 oe, Ii 4-09, + ah y-~@ Oot. Ta * 813 SoH Labuloss dato: QA & From -the Sollowing Value Sind $"(44 _ Newtor's Aoywosd dittnence tobve | ee eee ee jeg (#5095 oO ng jogos 8? oroite 072059 4 [59043 Orly Ss 2(293 9.2290 o'0213 62463 Aes ts Be forward diferenoe Jobl@, We ( ‘ hove to Sind $'(0-4), wabialn is os A poe [enow, 4r0rr go newton Sonwond difference derivative 4onrrwr , sp2+) o5,-3 Mh =| ~ here, he Ort xe=l4 J = 19043 As =012250 A$ = 0'0213 Sobstttotiva, trene valued we eer, J) “ay [2250 -+ (0213) \ = 2445 Q.2. The ajven dota, | mS A 2 3 4 5 | | 320 4A | Pine a ay ) A% Ixeprqg ond ae Fa hi The. given asgument- ig 4:2 whit : S man, tn Aeboulost. And aloe re. osquener® r Nat beahnivg of tne given deable - (eyo mn Naty 88, We use hene tre proton Hnegor dons di ference Tterpoloctfon fonmula « The Sword di fenenee table eee — = 9 ay am, ate AM 4 0 4 2 4 3 6 3 5 | 23 ae 4 4 4 4 6 5 3 we know from the dentyostived Soumwia, ly AL \ Th 2 [Mot (ue) OY, + (gub-ur)o%, + (E182 Wty 4) sje | 0 hee, %=4 ond % = top ont wa de A= Ireo=t L A = 02. poate ay sdrer a *[row oneal Wel ne 2 the, \yolus in eq” ©, we get ae (xed 2 costo txe- QU = — (833 dilenennthatteg © wey ef d fairey te Potts, adh te voluen, we get, oA = 3 +(02-\)b6) + [ze Zy00tt) {0 Kary, dye = d44666R Desdivative ystrg. Boekwosid cli (enenes (Newton's Let donee vot 1Ypq be-the value of o x SHON y= Loe) dornedpond yg te the Vale Cette re 7% of the independenk able xX Let the poi x ((20,1,2,..--,n) be equally Spoced woth Spoetva. hh, L et, Ys $00) be nepnenenked YY y= PM) When | hee, =%y_+vh fownrdsr, Noustov'S boekwond Lidhenovee Jonmula, Y =P) =, 409, + LOD gry a V(U4t) (vr , + Mee yy, + = Ve Tay Va Lye reeves! Wi \ V4 A y3 = 24 t 4 V *a4VryV) VY eee a We yove» M-K ve we 28h he dv 7 how sy £ fey, + ra), + [eve-ve dv, Cie By SEV 4 Ly ‘yt | (non-tebul Por tebolanr Value, 3 %p 86, V=0 ™ then , dy A \vt By a Segly aes Pag h }raat Oba + 5 Manta Me | Thy (Aobvlest date) MY, OM Mader dentvadlve, SY Ld dx2 ~ ie | wld sy fay te) sy due ee a a | 4 WP vs al’) oS RS [" *bve3) ty Give 5) “ae ‘1.2 3 4 Pare *eviavts x) Me (non—tabular data’ Fort faloolant oto. > a =X, so, V=0 ay “(| + Vo, + DY, +E9%ss Ve bey IF leo toruton date) Q. Find $'(22) ond 4"(a02) Aiven the Sotlowfirg, sollte : a : Ay AG AeQ 26 2-2 Hoey 5 40552 419530 Gog Ze399) 9-0250 EE pra, tg tre “obolet Notas We hove +o ue spe. pewter Gmegeny Yookwond atittenenerc, fannie 0 comovts, re given denivativer, spe, Backman ditfewenes teble ¢ 9 Vv 473 4 x $% yn W9S52 4e4 47059 681943 46 49530 O198F cout 610966 0:09 Aa Grouse 02429 \:3395 — 20 #3891 012964 {6359 22 9+0250 Rt 4 4 4 \ ae h | hy VS +4 VS ,.ta vba} n yaar ae F+0250 hore Lyg:0535 $(2-2) aaa | 6359 + n0r29 4 3 + J 01002" = AF o2yy A \g 0 , Use, lino wS + rocks - _ 2) - ~ cal : Vv 6 : 2 94 . _ | a _ ] x 0 00 9 5 g i] £29 onan. Sieroter (¢ )dx Gy negro he grocer of dndivs es de finrre integroS, Aeon Set of iniegron’ {8 dolled mented injegrostion. quodrastune > integgrod- QirAle Valve fynatton. Given & Set of dodo potrta (2o,'9e) , C6389, - we (one) oF & donetion Y= funy where, ffx) jg not Hnown explierty. Y=0O9 ; > inten polottyg pyromio® A general. qpodnatune. Semmvlo, b : t= $409 de L * 5 | the Intavod. Yo, \ be divided into e Wo SootmtenvalA Svdh thedk =X, X%, =Kth< My =%tZh peeeenet Sepa Aor ee ee oN h hh meee 4 %, BLA ae Xn HM Hy Hy Mg--- 9 bed Hot se b) —2 Ntimed Sub- tate b=Xotnh Ts “fom « { soo un O=Ky PEK th lent charge, = dea hdu 20 \x%q | oth n w%\O Nn t= f Heetut) hae ° n = h] [se +H AS) + AE at§ le) + mt co wey 2) £8 lu, Jt. al Hee) a —(W im ly j\ = cif ty ot +H aS) {a nen et se, wd | 0 nt Le - n? +n "aie & he Upto nation] n(2n-3) 2, n zith[y, + 3% * 12 Ay. n-2)* 3 24 ays] $0, (he. genero- Sonmulos) pene Wwe Conrides L(x) = Y. and po on, ath n 2n-3) [yan= nit} st Tow,+ tee ay, + % n(n-2)" > wee eset Pho nr{ tem a8), | [thin isthe main Sonmulo $09 Inbegnostion mean the ane yndet thin Wire bX waitin (a,b) trteve? TZ Qonniger the defivte- oft donmola, shen we take f=4, meen divide. by tuo gegmars, wen Ned Seameyte we get the onee-- nag) Whereis. Rule, n=37 /g Rule. | * Simprong 1/2 ane, naG> weddles Ale | ih theds +ot’g Odd Tpeett. ile buitieg na Inahe main Sonmulm MS Sh Hoth eglee.}tig on 1 NOAA § Lx) de = hfy.+4au] , and higher ony Bo _, At ffenenee. h 1%. +4 (¥,-Y.) " =h | betes] Sinelorly, fon Dea 2a] tntenvod « if h Yit%. J adn = ~o Ry ' Streslonly fon [eq ,%n| freteswed-, Yen { Sogdn = hh |2etr| yy ° — Adding, there tornh h ag = 37 y, Y, 3, ome Jie ale +8n) + (844, + 9,3] n integross , AWin 18 4nopezoides- Rule. Son nomenteod OMnoly sis, Tre Jeomeiniaed. Signifieonee. of twa rule 18 thok the eave y =f0 ig reeplaced by N Strosqné (tne aotwing. the potwh (orl) and Orr) 5 ua 3) and (2,2) ¢..--2- 7 (Xn-1 »n-2) Ond On Dn). The omer boonded by) tre | Que y= 409, the ondfpoter X=Xo and | =n Ord Ihe r-axig Iw ther opprerinately Cwaiolerd to Yre nui of re ovens oF tre n Anopezium obtained, Simpgon's = Rule TWn wie tg obtained by putting n=2 tn The main equostion, otOh Fegan -2h (9,409, +4 4m) Xe = af, +4,-v, + (Y2-29,44)| 7 lust 44,+5,)) Sinolony , (22,24) intenve dc! Mot4th | soos = 4 4 (844%, 3 +9.) Aor 2h ‘ ! 4 ) Strclonly , (%,- 2 >My )Frkewed. Xor nh He) dn = F(t 40,.,4 90) etlo-Dh a gcldirg, oll {here Pntegro’s , ato Mh h _ . + 2a *er— +h n.)| 1 4 thin {g the Simpnors Jy Role Simphon’s = Rolen Seta n=3 Inthe main eqwotion, we Soxewe. thek dik the diflenences Mahe thon the tind pall become Zend, Mot3h ; foo du =3h[ #44500, +3 +3 pry at 1 0 = ah] y+ (¥-4s) “+ a (02-24,+ 46) + als “34434, ~¥.) | ~ Z (+38, +32 +103 ) sii 7B (25,36) Patera. Payne (%, +39, +30, + Ye) Xs 4 ) ! Stnitonly dort (2on-3. and rn’) TMRWaln, dn ah | $epee= = Yrgt 34,- +34, + a) en-3 Aldtyg, oh ene tnregrost, Horm 3h. ie Log dn = YtBn)* 3(4, Oot utYe a oot aa tte Wn is Aye Simpnor's B 82 Quer, Neddle's Rute (mone. appropriate) N=6 in the equation (main) X%otbh Soy da = [eee ea + 27. 0°, + 123 ny + F2p5y, +410 a "sl Fe the E. palenk of AL tate aC, fon the doa-tsn Ne divided by a ; ttn prot he ernonh ane nate base ¢___.1*_ Ft ——_—_—<—. He M1 Ag Hg hy He Hy Donor hn S 40a dx = = To only, F591. + 64 ory uty th) | Staslony +l2h j Sdn = 1oh(% 454,44, +64, 4%, +8449) Morb ' ah +54 Yat b ok 2 7% 24] “ng edhe, on Lteg all.of -trere Trtegnois , a [9 yan = Bhar, + 2(Ye4Oygt 77) + BD AYG AYA Yt 7) + G(Og +054 ~~ > | (hover ony genegad. Jon" Wig ty ‘ne tweddels baa Evaluate, ‘ Stnxe - Log. 24 + ede by On = “Tropezoidod» Rule. b) Simpson's + Rute ©) Simpooris 3. gue. 4) beddle’s nele. Aller Sindtra, thetnve vole of tintegrad, @omnpane the exdwd in he dovn eae. Sol": Divite the. Terge ob dhe fntegrod (oa,t) 14-072 tats 12 eqyos- intavod. ,eoch width ) = t: zoek Abe. Jone }onod> volven of each potnin, Sinn ~log% +e — = 088 oe 252493 3 QRS ee iy one 2°39 FS 2 % Bore \UB BROW al 4 OH Roy, on 32-3482. o°9 3° 559% aI'o 373000 _ _ 4 factfen abr] ord. gotdod- Rule, ots, : =F [2 029544 FON + 2 (28493 + 214995 + 2'821294----444-g 04) = 4o5blt - Ve air Rule, Than Zz Yr Y,.+ 4(0, t4g%--- + Yn) od + 2(%4%q of — == +49) | = 2h 2 [ssrosra% 704) + 4(2 84934 2° 321294 = atts 8098) + 2(2 2975 +3 0146* “+ 4.0698) | = 405 106 ? simmons + + Wie, fos = fa: + 3(2.+% +44 Ts t..) oD + 2 (Y5+ 44 +99) | 3xorl ==3 [aosne raaen + 3(2:8493 + 2*29%S4---) +2 (2321 29+ 31660 + 3Z00 °) | = 4osg *). buedate’s Role * Vydn=t 10 a TSY TY, + by gt Yy t5Y 5th od TY S924 Yet hy gt BY 5 Jen * Yas | = 4°05098, Actrol. valve , 14 ( (eto lwage re) od (4 5 008K — x (Iogox- -4) + €™ On = 4*05095 Exron * Dueto tnagizoidod. Rule = 495095 — 405614 = —0'00522 Dve to Simprer8G Rule, —o1000N\ Dua 40 Stmpnon’s 2 gle , 0100021 Woe to useddlels Rule , —6'08003 Solution 0 f Semultaneous (fneo Cqpotions i Algebria eqyotion iD) Tamedenfas- eqotion lit) Ord inosiy / pasrtio!- DE. Nd N-eYvott Here we doneenn m-wnanown © Wortiey, Beth one. equoln. =b Oy i400 +O,4%3 + cewn xd +O, Xy n ay Oya Xe tOg tpt —-- Tan %q = by ai, 4 052%2 +QygXgt---- FO, %), = by Png FO mge Omg Het - Tomi n= bm 3 (B=2,8, 0g Os [fata ey 3 (f=, 13,..... 2™ 5 1=1,2,3,__.. jn) b= In { (i 2,3) =soa-=+-ym) | Be con wnkte there by Matncx , AX=B8 \ snore ’ Oy O12 Aig -- -- -----:Oiy A= Ar %2 O3__- - --Oon : ! -- O Ooms Oma ang aoa mn MEH KA by wo ba Ya | 43 B= b. ia ° NKkL bm met ae A > Qoebtietenk matin X—> Solotian matuX oHe oy _——-B Reng Vert seston 0 if, B Pax + pill be Zeno ynox it homegenoy$ system 4; = 0 $F tome portion of re 8 We uti’ qaun te non-hemagerers SYST” post ig pot Zeno, There ane. uo typed of Sslulton m ethady ') Dineet. ii) Indineet. Gougs Eltasnation Method fhocndx tnvearon Method Grouss-oudon method Dinee t+ mesg (exoet Solutien) Joaobi-Henotive motnod »Didnect met Crouss— Seidal. ilenotive metnd | opproxtmare Se’ a fhosnix Inversion method (rains meted) -8 ; Ax 4 Intra agate wtax= AB Qo-foaien > sae X= A'B Sinee, -1 1 odiA where, A = Jet {al fox a0 Solve 3x44 + 2% =3 2x%-BY- 2 =" M+2 42 24 SM The Given System of tne equorttony fon be woiten an, AX =8 3 m% _ [3 42 = ={73 “(2s a) * | ° 4 4 at rrointy. (werdton test Sor Mat 4 —~ 312 * 5-3 | 3 since det Ag Sv at iT 124 ro Oxigh, -| 3 5 Ast =(-32 1 2 7-5 -H ry 4 -! 3 65 AU = “Q -3 1 og %-.-5 Wl bhteh, . EP K=1, y=2 ond 22-4 & (juss Blidestion method, 0444 4 Oy %p TO gat. --- ~->~ hg 1 7 992% TOys%yt ~~~ ~~ Than %q =P. Ng tecce ce Og 1 Ona %2 + Ong%s +Oyn%n = Pn | AX=8 . when Oy Oz Og ==" Can Xe ’ Oz Ay O23 ---" en X= x, Oat Ona Ong ---- Ann Xn Ls bo. B= bs bn The augmented motrx (Als) On Opn Mge--- Fin by (aie) = Oi O22 Oyg-----Oan ° On, One Ong ---- Onn bn =P Aor matnix openostion (40 toning E@helon form on upper Srdorgulost mata) > Oy Ae Ag ------ By | agjel oo 29-00 © 8 O55---~ Oa |b ' : 0 0 0 ---- On | 5, OuXi + Op %o + Oy Iyt----- — + Any = by OgarXz + OagXgt--- - + On%y =by 033%34 ---- + AguXy= be gg hg ee On-y pt TO, ont abn Bayer Boo, Swoatity {eon ; bp Rye Onn — oN now mostly en _ ty Pivot elemek % — 4st ste? (Bu; Ona Oug ------- Gin | by Dy Oya O23 ----- -F2n | bo, Os, Og2 Ogg --- Ogn | b3 1 1 | , One Ong---- Onn by ‘res ee (to Gonwent Zener) ara +[rax(-#a)| On en eiedtoa oI atop {Gu Oyo, Ou ---7- Oy b Q, ory ° ’ t A= H te oa) 9%, (gat O53 ---- Boy by © Boy eins | CEE) ‘ ‘ ‘ 9 Onz Ong -- -- On} by Stelemont + — O21 _Osr _ Ou, yereee Oy? Oy? an a @& LANAI Now 4 Aer motkely WE AAMAS oer wa pow AY var Cor Ver en / On. Pict clemat Hs = We + CB) Ohi, 22 Stmntlouity, gn Qo lum prt be Zena. ’ Srilorty, UPHO n# colomn wth be ene, nt new, (n-0) n-1 0 0 O----~- Omn%n = bn nt bn Xx = a ee O-nn Pivot elemenk must be the Greater volve tren otner elemerdn of the matntt fr & Column, 0 5 G{tl (A18) = 4 5 Z\I6 9 2 3\I5 92 23(15 H4on ~ (: 5 41 6 me . ° vo te Ql Pivot element Beli his 18 © wor \ara| ¢ pivotteAr (= 1,2,3 gave. She. Sollowty System bo oe at method : a Hs vy housd ~elterrotiy, u-y teat ay 42-32 =-6 on Sy +42 =5 gals Given System of potion, xyrZ2eat 342-32 = -6 © 2x-5Y +4% =S The System tS equivoleré to AX=8 (ypatre t-t x \ > pals 2-3] X=[% | B= “6 2-54 2 5 The ovanarrted monn (A 18) - b-1 vj) i /"{-3 2 -3|76 2-5 4 tot ay! 1| 5 6 -t 0 \3 qyet+3M 0-3 2 3 Ng = Ng 2h NH \ ow / OT O78 I oy'= OH, 0-3 2]3 ed ~ lo 1 9 |Z Hg = H+ 24 0 0 2 |4l2 to-r otf co “To 1 o|3 | rat, oo 1 ]6 there doh bye, nredueed System ig, Bm-ONF 224 H=3 2=6 MNO book Substiqutton , wre Got 4b, 923 %-34Ka1 se, m7 O, 25) = C236) go — Gau8$~ Jordon Me. . egal System provided | (ip? puter Fra %2* 9% Yn- =F OWen = ba Cig, Hy 1022% 2.4 Ay9 2g + -- ~~~ +Agy Xp = loo \ dn + Ona% + Ong%g +- --= + Onn%n = by threne , Oy Oy Ayg ------ in A= O21 Ose Ong ------ Qan dum On2 Ong - ---- Ann wx X= y B= bo Zz Gmidan, AX= B the ougmented oir & 18 d =(A \ 8) Sn Win dane. @ must be Converted to 4.0 Uiagorod- mosdx on the Wertly modes, Previovs we hod dove The echelon on voperr tatorgulorr rrostnn MHA Joss eltwarvodton metro. Pow, inthe Gauss corde? methed only Une Ulagorot- element: extst, and othen elemers must be Zero. Cots Op Org ---- On | br (A\8) = | 21 <@2-0y3 - --- on bo 0g 03> i. 32 as On Ong Ong =~ art bn a Oy 0 O ----- O be & ~ | 0 2 0-..--0 b> 0 © %--- © | % 6 0 of ~ nn i by row ei au ae identity may Ke — galve ne Sollonsing- System by Hows Jeon mnetnon > 9% +6y-2 = ot -% +2 = 44 4% -Y +32 =10 —|2 nee, 2 6 -\ * l=} 5 4 4 X=/ 3 4-4 32 @ 12. Ba} u 10 The augmented matnx 18, 2 6-1 So (A\B) = 5 14) u 4 -4 32| lo 2 6 -1(-12 = [5-2 6| ao] eet D -25 23| 5% ngetg- 4 -12 22 oo 25 Mg Mg - Bye 26 -1 — 6-31 6 oo M3 Asx +a'¥ +072 = |S Om + LY 40-2 = Orme ory + 12 2 wou — 4200 22 TE Raa DR ge? 69 soi eleroctive method poi en len and -eqiortions yg tOya%gt-- 7 7 FOIn™ =e aout 4 O42 Moo 1303 non a Oy 0922 + Oga%gt--~ -+0.2n Xn = a isn rem +033%3 t-- eae oni sae Ont . 7 + Oya +-- $y ven bn ue 5. £-(b- Ou%e- 0i3%3- = = Oin%n) er (ba- Beds- Aes%a= + = Gann) Xe ao 3 Oss (bs-92% = Og2%a7 ~Oan% ! ‘ ( Xp Onn [Pn Ams OnaX2- ~~ Ont a) Sark wh , ta a oe Lo 2p 0 on ht Sonne we tre. inn: opnavnealiok We ay Hy 9g -- 00 jen, We Gon got the Swrogttuting the vo! and aggroninasi W IO) = a, lb 0% "044% on ~ Oy xP Ay a wate 3 % (+ Oy %; — Og % - Save "| t () @ wo be by- Opt — Baa2 Ones Xy On Sim WHINY) ae eons get 3% agpnaxtyrastion bh fre 2m ope. Mos genes. fonrla ett = arb: 0% of any Ze On a ' x a 1 tt ) 2 te (be- Oa 21” = ys - ee — ben) ff) + os b _ (A) W) | wal Oy 2) ~ Oy, 2 a Oni J / (01) oppnoxtmection. “doe glenortve metMod GaSe , yO 4 {ification of the |a2\ +])@a]t----- + (a.n| [asl > |oos|-+ [ozs |+ wooo + [den] loue\ |) + [02 abr Ai + zn] bl [On| + [One| + ~---- + [Onn] n Rea Sapen ‘Sodedy dominant Uicgg yo moder: Ap + 0 = 2 = 85 - gol ) 6% +(SW +2725 Lr yw + Y + S42 =o ait Te aheck the Convengence of the yer) selon > Veh 4 Al [5\ > (dt +l jo4\ 7 (rads agin ts Sinlelty domino mee bene®, 3S ts the Goyveggent 380, yo COM And the Jolutforn Yovy Toto loi ifenostive method . in Sen Tree onnownyl he Solve Coeh equorre ghicterte and now vig, the longent Coe Sodom ONL > 2A (85-6942) b= (ga-4no2*) a= {Li(mo-*-9) Staviigg, afth 276 me YI =4 © ol\ weget, 4 — MO lay = 5, Ah x = 3385 64 +2 ) 3 (434 yw = 7e-(Fa- 6x22" = 48000 al). = ow 6? yl ) = 208% theme one oe gna seextwetion (we. precees HE Hind ope xtinostion 2A 95-co a0 = 2158 (3) x Y) 7 ae (#2- Gx! 528°) = 3'269| 4 Ppa 5) = 8998 Simi! miloniy as49t 12a sey.) = si ® 36852 On = qe (22~ Lx e 29)= e579 20) 2 1 “54 No= 38) __ yO?) = 1-935 VUeao—e™ rz ge eh (85- cus 42l)) = 2'4232 y Pt (p2-6x22)= 26904 22 ay (ne- 2-4 ) = (eguxé yo; a8) 2a (#5- 68 guy") 42)) = 24rke of) = te-(2a- 6 F 2a) = 35739 29) = 25 (uo ~ 2 - 9) = $9 2L0 on The dod? on Py mone loyed 40 2h Ttenedion yolvan. &, we epndluke ond tre nanott be, A=9249 wo gest 22% fore oot reo, [tornect vpte ploce.) ; oy ag SN Some, ppablem fon govss - Siedod eltminetian Startiyg, wrth, N20 220 wefler 20) = 55(B5- Gy 2?) = SHB J oy) 1 . yl = wai (22- bx 9) = 3+S4or 2) lO Mp ay\e 913 Zl > ey [lem y ) 191 3( sfelonly , @ tL 7 2) (2)) = 2*432| 90) 2 59 (85- # 69 a) 24 y= Wi, (#2 6x9)_ ga) 2 g-5%20 2). Ba [Ww - ¥? >». yO) = |-9958 ofan , x) = a (35- 6y?-2@) = De4osh 2 ae (#2- bt!) -22°) = 35729 wy) \_ 29 -dq(no“ 29-9) = [9259 Oc — i 4) 4) ot Sivee, >t! ft) ot oS 969) yes) 92) oOVvd tre a4 ) abese to pre volves ule 1 38, we con Gone lotion Gill be , %= 242 Ya rcr Qs 192 (gesovent fo {uso deaind. plase Noneniea. sation of aay denen EG Rditlenential: equation Exprener & set ef Con natntg amourg. the derivatives of an Unknown Soncton. x = $u,y) (henerod. Sonn) An otdinay differrentiot. equostion (ODE) hae ont one independent: Vontoble and afk desivotiver IN 1+ anedeken with renpeet to thot voninble . Exomple Coyalder 0 mau m on o Spring with aprirg— Qowntowt k, 4} we define x a the petition of the end of Ane Sordig 00 Shovrn the top figune, Set x=0 oF the poi whne the end of the Spriey would notwrolhty Hept ih tb wene, ynloaded (iF m=), we con untte by frre Uolnee , SF= MH A> OWORe nod Fy \ _ “oe mg— Ke = Mo O- = 76 go, my ke = mere!" nll Kore -& =O om, oly) +-Be mth) “= 0 hene the ime ig indeperdenct AY we gull he. man m down pond ,the motion ok the gpntsy ustll be Atm, ond then the diffenentiod. ey" oii be the Allowing, pattern, | ail 4 Kael -gsint =0 {hig eq? j8 the a4 onden ObE Number of onder 18 quod te the ruben of. | anibtiony aoetonk tn the Soll of fre DE 4 | Sroch tnethed Bot tn de nomenicod. method, we Nees the dorditionn whieh {3 equadd tothe Onder of the DE, Gonaitiown, TVP on BV Essen Gntuen the dates, ong sites patie M0 emntdar the gone Ant onder digteertd p { a) St = $a) —_——™ buith Pntttad. donditten ue) Y (x0) = Y, soll: y © gone , BA The methedn Sodeveloped Cont, w Jerms of Opplicd to {he gelutfon of ne Sys JAat-ondey equationd, ond vot yield we Solution fr one of the two Atm : 1A Seaten $i y olan of Gower) 0m wlth the vole of y Qan be obtoined SY dineet Substitution , ily A Set of tabulated volar of X and Y, aloud i) > TayleH ond Plaasid thethed clam I> Step by Step method Maiahivg. method Euler Ord Runge Kutta inethod » galutfon. oy tesloh Sequch sation By Hagen SE dgnptier re. DE, oes 448) ———®@ wah ahe. baad Garton, BOG) = Oy Ab yi) tg ae. exoel Qeluiforn of ef 4a, Yren je Bylor’s Senter for QA Onoond %=7% ig given 8 yee yet (2-9) ¥, a oF yl ve eee At the volves 04 0)! one, Known then en ed o- power Senior dm. Using tne -donnulo. So toted. dendvostived oth TA Peat to the, yarulolle Qonexnned 88, {G.9) B=) ee) a} _ at ex >t Y yiat d dx oe b By | O* ate? 90, y" > 3 % > 4! = 4 +¥'f, £ =h444, > “Shlaly, U7 un ad a $+ td +4 (dutty): +45 (4. +55) uti 2 ys he 4 ott tt fh+dh Frum the faylon geried {11 969, dind BED Comert ty yn dectral- paced 1 WC) Sotisher, yl=x-y% and 90)= 4 iva Tre tout Sen Son NO aloout X=%e fg Alver by, WO) = 94-4 Gexe)yls Cy ty CAD “arte = =m + rae 28 yi 4 bee can ute The derivativer of fy ol ete ane obtotned thus WIO9 = %- ya -4 9"@ = 4- 2vy' wy! = 4- 2004) _ =3 13 m } Yfhe —2yy!'— 29 90" 5-200) esp amg ) yi) = - 299" 299" ayia" == Bi ee Uh = 20) ay 34 Boye 299 24'y" By" Bly mit = -2yy”— yy" Gy!” Y= -186 Usirg tre volved, The toylon Semin beeomen Wlx)= 1-2 + ee x 44 ah Bh ots asad 3 OM) Word) = Aor Zon -S es Eo" ai a Salta = 09138 Given the. diffenentiod eportion [BVP Y"— sey =0 With Ihe densetionn yo)=4 and y/0)=0 , Use Tayo’ Sopteh method to determine the Vole soot OtO4). The ayton Seqven So w(x) about %=% Ig Aiven by, 2 900) = Yr(re-re.)y + OP) yl 8) gn — 2| Obowt %,=0, ! " 3 Yoga Y(0) + XY), (0) F mY 6) +5 O'G)+ ask dian! ys the DE fs, Qo = onl +4 bl = xy + y Fay Oy =A the suevenive diHenentintton of (@) aiveds He i ’ ! Ys ey +O +y O'") = d-y! + 20 = xy + 2b! =0 uv m tt ' =2y"4 "+ 2 OM) <0 +35" = of! gy! 3(4) =3 ay 9" +39" Wey =O+4y 0 y= 2 ay 4g" 1B 7 Up HY oe wo = xy + Sylv ae 84 J Yb) = 44 20! 2H i" . ese aera Zt 4 2 sa 4, - 2 ee iahee "| o Yeri)= 4+ Out, + Bq Ot 5 OE = 4005042524 Evlew's_ method Tht methad whieh ave Ane, Solution inthe Jom of o Set of lobulated Valuer. Oo - Suppage, ly c= (69). And, Yl.) = % Suppete, we wont: to Solve the ey Lon valued of Y ost Ke May = Met Hh wheve. (n=1,2,3, sawn ) = y-Hy Novy, Inlegnortng.O belwean x, ond %4 , We obtain Dat 4, J* = Jon dx veo fi £0 ap YOu) ~ YQ) = St $¢asn) doe Yy = 4, Tio dx Assuring Ahab, Ho.,y) = = tf (20,5,) tn 26 oS <4 this AWD Evlerts Lorimola, bey v1 9% [F099 ce Hy my 2» 4-4, = $0.) J de Hep 3 Y= % + (244-%,) 4,44) > yaa t h$ (25 4s) Sinilaay forthe rorge. Hy Screg Yo= y+ h $459) feeding. th adn Wor, formula, , » Wehave We cbtain tye, genera, Snes = o,+ h$%n,90) “N=0,4,2,.... where, h=%q—-Ky 4 TE Prosenn is VOY Blow and. to ebtain “enero “a Gate vail ie Need AUTO With Evlerg methed, 19 take Smolen value fon h A \ . ido dhe, Te iNustnate Euler's method, We Cows! : Mon ; aaa dl e Gontition Yo=4- Y'=-y with th So The given Ivp (3, ee -y weve Y(0) =1 Hene, $x,u) =-Y Xe=O Yet $ (Ho, %) =-4 AN, h=ooOL To ding Boot): 94 = y+ h$Go,4) =4 + (004)(-1) = 10199) “Yloro2) ¢ Y= % +h 41,93) = 099+ 0+0.4.(0-99) = 09204 Ob8) 1 y= Og hflnms) = 09801 4 001 (-0*9804) = O9Y03 Yloro4) 2 Yaa 3+ hFl%s,95) ; = 0°9%03 + 0°01(-0:9%03) = 0°960 spo coach al ot tak DE ig yla-Y wy, 2 -y ade a, 2 de eo) y =-u+e@ @=0 > ny » vzee . , OP Flting Tvp » Yar 5 (ro) ATU = 610002 4, x= 004 then Yze = 019 £08 A=orod then Y= 01990 %=0'02 then Y, = oO 9Z01 %=0'03 then Ya = oD Zot Srv (g ineneaning. otior tneneade Thee Volve ob %, \ Modified Eyjer's method The. Fulet’s method (3 Ve slow ond 4 obtecn Herorable ooaynoay ovtth Evjen’s pre-tped, we eed 4o Jee o protien valve forth: Besovde Ob hss nentriefion on hy the method {8 Uniwitide don Proa{iao. wre ond o modisiootion ok Tt, Krnwon Od the tnaditied Eyler methods whieh Give mane HLounote nenulin Aweteod of appneximoting fou) by $(l0,'%e) fn Je Euler's methed we now approximate the integnod- Alven fn the. gules melhod %Y meand of- tnapezeides- nwle 4o obtain tke . a modi fied one PreViovs appro Kireastton, M4 = 9,4 J $eopdx Ke modidied sonmula, > by =4,+ hd (he Ye) Os = Yor i [$la.) + S044 91)| Wwe 2h Henorton , Uf. og Me [Ae + Shasta) | ir conti: thi Tremotfon, We Thos gia he stenotfon doyimnvla yt? = yt AP $6402) + #G,upy) 1) ‘A Neo tghene Oy iS the jth apenoxtmation of ¥ The eration Simula Gon be Slontea ly Unwesirg, YP? Jom Euler's formula - WP = 9. + bSl%e,¥9) determing the Value of y when M=o04, Given trok , 1 a Y=X49 when Yo)= 4 Sol" The aiven vp (8, y = a +9 Ylyad ty Sake, poids wthsyeo 028 8) Slt.) = 4 Henee, Eaters tonmuto. given, (oe of = Yt h$ 0,46) “eet +orosx1 = 105 We \ Fonthon , My = 006 Now, yy . 4+ Thangs Sot] = 14 oes 4 @osyy 0s = 40543 @) wf? _ y+ aeL 40s) + $ (xy. )| 44 S08 aE + (0°05) a 0513] = 10513 uw We phe 9, = 10513 whieh 78 eorrwet to foun decid. place. pow, dove %4=005 Y4= 10513 and h=00S We Contime {he Name Protedune. ty obtain Y,~ he dhe yolue of 4 when x=04 yD = Yat hFl41,91) = 410513 + 0:05x (005 |+0513) = 10399 Xysork 1 ye Ms * (Se M4) + 4,48) “east 4 28(08 05+ 10513 + om, *re258) | = 41/0389 yaar M(H) + Heta¥) = \[0549 yo) 20+ 1 (Gers) +404, 9) = \055 off) 2 vy + AC Soa) +4 eee) = ('\055 Hence, we. donelude that Aue Valve of J When x=004 {8 44oo5, RUNGE KUTA metho! ; ; Evloys methad i lew) efficiend mn praciiont. Problenns street reqpine? fo be Pynoll. bom obfainsng. neananalale nares “ie Rorge. Kin matin ane. designed 0 ave: Sree H@QVVEY ond Jpey posse th odvortenge ot TeAPirA. only the. fono:{tor valves of Home geleated poinid on {he intawol » TREE ane two Common Mend’ ovoilobre. th the WAS Kull Merhod . and ond uth ovidet Rorge lutlan method. Bot qth onder rg mone aShelonk method thon another. Yo, we Ligeus ANH oniat Roige. tin method here. Connider Ire Ode, d t= $oun) where 9G) =¥, Xo Yo AY ay averok: <> Ma ploceno Xorh Yorhy The most commonly ysed Sovicth-Ondey Range kuti methods {eMule Ay = (Ky t 2k akg+ kw) whene, k= hSQe,9e) C hE(x, ve Y, +) Bhd (n+> 9, + Ke) Ky = htoth Yat ks) \ Given wna. shen? (0) = 2 Sind Slo-4 ana ylor2) dovoree+ jo Soon deaimod. Pang Sots 1: , $h,9) = y-% ante, h=ord ond %o=27 Yom $ (0,92) =2-0=2 We Know trom 4th onder Runge Koto methed, Y=, +A (kst ak, + 2ky ku) ky =hto0, Ye) = OA XD = O12 ky = h$ (x45 9+ 4) = 04 X2'05 = 01205 ig =h $(%04 F y, +4) = 64d X 210525 = 6° 20525 ky = 1 $Qoth» Votks) = O14 K 2°10525 = 0210525 1905 +O 2052S 4, | a24b(02*° * oratsa5 | = 95205) Zoe 33 Te determine y= 902), Wwe rete thot Kyaord and Wy = 2:2052 hao | Oy =a yr Ae (Ka rth Oks +e) whene "ge bhloes9d) = od f (on, 22052) mB 0°2\052 Ku ko= h (Xr 5 te = ord Floris, 2° 31046) = 01216046 kg = hb Oartes y+) oAt(ois , 2+ 313229) 6216390 yu W SN 4 = Wd (mprh 04 aks) = od Son 2aztee) = 0°222\522 ~ = P * Y= by +-e(Ke 4 ke. + 2lhkz +ka') = 020524 (0 yoga t 20” 216046 ¢ 9x0120 6322 T 0 2221522) 1 Ys= ge 244 . lor) = 212052 ond (ora) = 24214 whish ave, Qonnect -to foun deaimad Place - Q. Salve the Ive H4-=-p¢u™ 5 Wlo)= 4 with h=62 on we into [0,04] by vei Ye 4M onder Claman. Runge Kutta meshod. Sol"! Here, ven shot, h=or2 to, Uso tp %o=0 Yat =U fOr) = 0 to he K, = h$(s%0,0) = 4 yte vite ka a= ng or Bt) = 62 $(o4 »4) = -—o64 Ko ks = h(ter® oA ro* =) a oan 5 (0! » 0°98) = — 0803844 Ka = HW (to thy or ks) = h (orn, 0° 961524) > 0°04 39F Uy = yt (Kat Mot Ms + ka) = Lee O-2xX 004 —2Ko OBENIG — 007394) Woe) = 0+9 6153 To detemine, W(0°4) = 0p heve, U,=0-94163 t= 02 Sy) = —0' 36982, Ka =h tee, urs) =0-2x-0'3698! =~ 010% 3963 Kt ham hg (eH tut) = h+(o-3 409245) = — 6'(02564 K kg = ho (4,48 uit) = 02x 4(o°3, 091025) = —0°09942 ky = h4(¢,+h, Uitks) = 012K 4 (or4 ,0°862104) =o TONURINS t Uew ab, 2 + E Mit 2K, + 2k + ke) = O'96153 + &[-o.092943 ~ 2X0 109564 - 2 x6.99949— ori 89) “, U4) = 02620 Awa

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