DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES (DIASS)
DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION
1.1.1 Communication is a manner of passing information between people or group
for common understanding and confidence. It includes the move of information from
the sender to the receiver. The receiver must understand the meaning and message
of information. It can also be taken as the way of sharing ideas, thoughts, opinions
and views from one person to another person.
Example: A manager should relay information clearly to his subordinates to
implement plans and policies. Hence, communication is one of the important jobs of
management.
Communication includes the process of sending verbal and non-verbal messages.
With the help of a sender, a receiver, and channel of communication, it transfers
complicated, delicate and argumentative information. Communication needs the full
understanding of behaviors associated with the sender and receiver. It is the
exchange of facts, opinion, idea or emotion between two or
more than two persons of common interest.
1.1.2 Goals of Communication
“The goal of communication is to send information—and the understanding of that
information—from one person or group to another person or group. This
communication process is divided into several basic parts: A sender pass a
message through a channel to the receiver.”
Primary Goal of communication
Communication is a complicated process that involves a sender and a receiver.
The purpose of communication is to send messages to inform, direct or educate.
Effective communication produces desired businesses, productive relationships
and satisfaction between people.
BERLO’S SMCR COMMUNICATION MODEL (1960)
1.1.3 Basic Elements of Communication Process
1. Source
The source is the person or thing (living or non-living thing) making serious attempt
to share information. It is the origin of information (in Information Theory, the source
produce data that one would like to communicate) and an ability to pass this
information, through a channel, to a receiver.
2. Message
Communication theorists look closely to messages as the study of signs and
symbols, and how meaning is created through them; note: it is not the study of
meaning, just how meaning is created). For example, a commencement speaker
produces meaning through several reason for judgement. First, there is the object
(maybe through being a local celebrity or was a famous student of particular school).
The second criterion would be his or her image, acting as a symbol or
representation of the meaning of the object (a well-dressed, professional and
successful person). The third criterion is interpretation or marked meaning. If the
object and image (and, in this case, speech) are successful, then the audience will
leave with an understanding of how to proceed toward a life of personal
achievement.
3. Encoding
Encoding is the process of collecting the message (information, ideas and thoughts)
into a chosen design with the objective of making sure that the receiver can
understand it. Communication only begin when it results in both the source and the
receiver understanding the same information. People who are great communicators
are great encoder; they know how to present their message in a way that their
audience (receivers) can easily understand. They are also able to identify
information that is beyond what is needed, not important or even accidentally
causing someone to feel hurt, and eliminate it in advance through an act of
preparing something.
4. Channel
An encoded message is delivered by the source through a channel. There are
numerous channel in similar ways: verbal, non-verbal, personal, non-personal, etc.
A channel could be the paper on which words are written, or the Internet acting in
the client-server model that is allowing you to read these words right now.
A good communicator is one who understands which means of communication to
use under different situations. Unfortunately, there is no perfect channel. All
channels or means of communication have strengths and weaknesses (for example,
smartphones are great tool for communication, but a marriage proposal is best done
in person).
5. Decoding
This is where listening, and reading directions carefully, makes its claim to be
recognized—decode with care, my friends. As we discussed in encoding,
communication is only successful when it results in both the source and the receiver
understands the same information. For this to happen, there can be no errors in
processing. For example, a first-grader sitting in on a lecture on different equations,
i.e. decoding is impossible if the decoder cannot even understand the message.
6. Receiver
At the end, the message is delivered to the receiver. A good communicator takes
the receiver and to be around the edge of reference into consideration; how they will
received and reacts based on common ground is shared, its their sense of humor,
and moral conduct, etc. All of these things will affect how the receiver understand
the messages.
7. Feedback
A better word will be “reaction” or “responses.” The source judges its success based
on the feedback it receives, so pay close attention. If Google’s servers hit something
hard tomorrow, there would be a lot of unable to understand sources. The same
would be true if you have delivered a perfect marriage proposal, only to receive a
look of confusion and horror. And then there are famous marketing bad experience,
such as Aqua Teen Hunter Force’s LED signs
that were mistakenly known as explosive devices. Feedback is the moment of taking
actions. Whether things go right or wrong, it serves as one of the most important
learning opportunities we have.
8. Context
Context is simply the condition in which your message is presented. It is the
atmosphere, climate that exists when people communicate with each other. Not
necessary to say, context can easily make or break the effectiveness of
communication.
1.1.3 Levels of Communication (from interpersonal to mass communication)
Key information
Intrapersonal communication is an inside communication process taking place
within the individual. This includes thought process speaking aloud or writing to
oneself
as when one is writing in the form of prayer, meditation.
Interpersonal communication involves two persons or a small group such as family.
The number of participants define interpersonal communication.
Dyadic communication - when two persons are actively participating.
Group communication - when there are three or more persons actively
participating in face-to-face and able to present immediate response or feedback,
such as meeting or in a class session.
Public communication - includes a large group such as a public lecture or church
ceremony. In such situations there is a source who delivers a message in a
monologue style and feedback is minimal or with limits.
Category of Interpersonal communication:
1. Direct interpersonal communication involves face-to-face communication
between or among the communication between or among the communicators.
2. Mediated interpersonal communication involves the use of technology such as
telephone or internet. Mass Communication involves the transmission of message to
large audiences using technology of communication.
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
True or False
Directions: Read and understand the statements very carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is true and FALSE if it is incorrect.
1. Praying is a form of communication.
2. People communicate only through words.
3. Communication leads to certain effect.
4. Children learn the social values of society like love of country through
communication processes that take place in their families.
5. Birthday celebration is a form of communication.
6. Through communication people are mobilized to take part in political processes
such as elections.
7. When messages are sent to large audiences by an institution, mass
communication usually involves standardized content.
8. Mass communication usually involved standardization.
9. The absence of visual cues is a characteristic of computer-mediated
communication.
10. Communication involves a sender sending a message and to a receiver.
