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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
The Moving Particles
Science – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Module 3: The Moving Particles
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

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Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion, EdD, CESO V

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Faye Genevieve P. Pasamonte

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Department of Education – Division of Davao City

Office Address: E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762
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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
The Moving Particles
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

A wonderful day to you little scientist! In this module, you will learn the
development of the proposition of the existence of smaller particles of matter.

Specifically, you are expected to infer that the particles in matter are moving
and identify the physical changes of matter.

Let Us Try!

Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.

1. What do you call the movement of the particles in a constant random

motion?
A. Einsteinian Motion C. Robertine Motion
B. Albertine Motion D. Brownian Motion

2. Who made the proposition of the existence of the atom/particle by

developing a mathematical proof of its motion?
A. Robert Brown C. Albert Einstein
B. John Dalton D. JJ Thomson

3. What two (2) states of matter where particle motion exists?

A. Liquid and solid C. Gas and Liquid
B. Solid and gas D. All states of matter

4. Which state of matter where spaces between particles are very far
apart?
A. Solid C. Gas
B. Liquid D. All states of matter

5. What causes the constant motion of the colloidal particles?

A. Colloidal particles are free- C. Colloidal particles are
moving because it is very light constantly collided by fluid
particles
B. Colloidal particles are free- D. Colloidal particles are
moving because it is unstable constantly hit by sub-atomic
particles

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 Let Us Study

Read the selection below and answer the questions that follow.

Figure 1 Pollen surrounded by particles of water

The Dancing Pollen

When you hear Albert Einstein, mostly you remember E=mc2 and the
Theory of Relativity. But did you know that he also mathematically proved
that atoms in the form of particle exist?
A botanist named Robert Brown placed a pollen grain in a glass slide
with water to prepare a wet mount. As observed under the microscope, he
noticed that pollen is in constant random motion. But he was not able to
explain what causes the pollen grain to move randomly.
Later, Albert Einstein proposes that the constant random motion of
the pollen grain observed by Robert Brown is caused by the movement of
invisible particles of water that collides with the pollen grain from a random
position. Einstein not only provides a logical explanation but also proved it
mathematically.
However, this motion is not credited to Albert Einstein but was
honored to Robert Brown. It is known today as the Brownian Motion.

Questions:

1. What did Robert Brown observe about the pollen?

2. What proposition did Einstein make about the constant random
movement of the pollen grain?
3. How did Einstein prove his proposition?
4. To whom is the particle motion named?

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 The Movement of the Particles
The contribution of Robert Brown and Albert Einstein in the study
about particles gave us a model of the particles of matter. The random
movement of the particle gave us an idea about the spaces between the
particles of matter. The particle model is like a ball structure based on
mathematical calculations.
With Einstein’s proposition, we can assume that particles in gaseous
form have wide spaces that have been a logical explanation of why gas is
compressible and no definite shape.
Solid particles have no spaces between them. It has no movement
where solids have a definite shape and incompressible.
The case of the moving pollen is the same in colloid where colloidal
particles collided with substance particles. Colloid scatters light when
exposed to any light source. Then, the beam of light becomes visible. This
phenomenon is called the Tyndall effect.

Let Us Practice

Activity 1: Are the particles of matter moving? What is between them?

Materials:

⮚ 2 cups tap water

⮚ 1 piece, 30 mL plastic syringe (without the needle)
⮚ 1 piece, wide-mouthed transparent bottle (200- or 250-mL capacity)
⮚ 1 piece, narrow-mouthed transparent bottle (100 mL capacity)
⮚ 1 plastic or glass dinner plate
⮚ ½ cup rock salt (not iodized salt) or ½ cup sand
⮚ food coloring (blue, green, or red)

Procedures:
1. Pull the plunger of the syringe until it reaches the 30 mL mark of the
syringe.
2. Press your thumb on the tip of the plunger and use your other thumb
to push the plunger once.

Q1. Can you push the plunger all the way through the syringe
while your thumb presses on the tip of the plunger? Why or
why not?

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 Q2. What do you feel as you push the plunger?

3. This time, push the plunger of the syringe all the way to the end of the
syringe. Suck water from the cup or container up to the 30-mL level of
the syringe. Cover tightly the tip of the syringe with your thumb.

Q3. What do you feel as you push the plunger?

Q4. Compare what you felt when you pushed the plunger with air
and with water?

Q5. Explain what you observe. You may represent your

comparison by drawing an illustration of the syringe and the
particles of air and another illustration of the syringe and the
particles of water.

4. Pour ½ cup of tap water into one transparent glass bottle.

5. Pour the ½ cup of tap water in step #4 into another bottle or beaker.
Observe carefully the flow of water.

Q6. Did water take the shape of the container?

6. This time, pour the water just on the flat surface of a dinner plate.

Q7. What do you observe? Write all your observations.

7. Put or place ½ cup of rock salt or sand into the narrow-mouthed

bottle. Observe carefully what happens to rock salt as you pour it into
the bottle and when all of it has been transferred.

Q8. Did rock salt or sand take the shape of the bottle? Did the
particles of rock salt change in shape?

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 Let Us Practice More

Activity 2: Particle Model of Matter

Direction: Complete the illustration of possible particle structure of matter.

Question:
1. Why do liquid and gas particles have the capability to move based on
the particle model structure?
2. Why does gas have the capability to be fast moving based on the
particle structure model?
3. Explain why gas is compressible compared to other states of matter,
based on the particle model structure.

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 Let Us Remember

• Robert Brown observed pollen in constant random motion through a

microscope but did not explain what he saw.
• Albert Einstein proposed that the constant random motion of the pollen
grain observed by Robert Brown is caused by the collision of water
particles from a random position.
• Einstein’s proposition on the random movement of the particle explains
that there are spaces between the particles of matter.
• Solids have fixed shape because particles are compact. It has no particle
movement because spaces between them are negligible.
• Particles of liquid are capable of movement enables them to adapt to the
shape of the container. However, it is incompressible because spaces
between the particles are so small.
• Particles in gaseous form have wide spaces between them which is
logical on why gas is compressible, indefinite in shape, and fast-moving.

Let Us Assess

Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which state of matter where spaces between particles are very far
apart?
A. Gas C. Solid
B. Liquid D. All states of matter

2. What do you call the movement of the p

articles in a constant random motion?
A. Einsteinian Motion
B. Brownian Motion
C. Robertine Motion
D. Albertine Motion

3. What state/s of matter has a fixed shape despite the shape of the
container?
A. Gas C. Solid
B. Liquid D. All states of matter

4. What two (2) states of matter where particle motion exists?

A. Solid & gas C. Gas & liquid
B. Liquid & gas D. All states of matter

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5. Which state/s of matter are particles fast-moving?
A. Gas C. Solid
B. Liquid D. All states of matter

6. Who made the proposition of the existence of the atom/particle by

developing a mathematical proof of its motion?
A. JJ Thomson C. John Dalton
B. Albert Einstein D. Robert Brown

7. What causes the constant motion of the colloidal particles?

A. Colloidal particles are constantly collided by fluid particles
B. Colloidal particles are free-moving because it is unstable
C. Colloidal particles are free-moving because it is very light
D. Colloidal particles are constantly collided by sub-atomic particles

8. Why is liquid capable of following the shape of the container?

A. Because particles are in motion
B. Because particles have spaces between them
C. Because particles are not in fixed position
D. All of the above

9. What did Robert Brown observe in the microscope?

A. Constant motion of the C. Constant motion of the pollen
particles grain
B. Observed pollen in the D. Collision of particles in the
microscopic slide pollen grain

10. How did Albert Einstein complementarily explain Robert Brown’s

observation?
A. He explained that pollen moves constantly because it is mounted
with water.
B. He explained that pollen moves constantly because of the
temperature.
C. He explained that pollen moves constantly because of constant
collision by liquid particles.
D. He explained that pollen moves constantly because of the relative
disturbance by other liquid particulates.

11. Why do gas particles have the capability to be fast moving based on
the particle structure module?
A. Because particles interact
B. Because particles are energetic
C. Because particles are not in fixed position
D. Because particles are far apart with more space for particle motion

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12. Why are gases compressible?
A. Because particles are stretchable
B. Because particles are very close to each other
C. Because particles have large spaces between them
D. Because particles have very small spaces between them

13. Why is liquid incompressible?

A. Because particles are in fixed position
B. Because particles are very far from each other
C. Because particles have wide spaces between them
D. Because particles have very small spaces between them

14. Why do solids have fixed shape?

A. Because particles are in fixed position
B. Because particles are very far from each other
C. Because particles have wide spaces between them
D. Because particles have very small spaces between them

15. Why are particles in liquid and gas capable of motion based on the
particle model structure?
A. Because particles are not in fixed position
B. Because particles are in motion
C. Because particles have spaces between them
D. All of the above

Let Us Enhance

Activity 3: Enhance pa more!

Direction: Complete the ideas of the particles of matter according to each
state.

State of Matter Particle Particle Spacing Compressibility

Movement
Solid Negligible

Liquid Incompressible

Gas Very fast

Movement

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 Let Us Reflect

Figure 3 Windmill
Energy from Moving Particles
Atmospheric gaseous moving particles in the form of wind current
gives air pressure that causes the windmill to rotate as it also causes
rotation of the electric generator. Wind energy converts to electrical energy.
Its principle applies to hydroelectric energy. The moving liquid
particles in the form of water current provide water pressure. It causes the
rotation of the electric generators in Hydroelectric Dams to produce
electricity.

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Activity 3 Activity 2
1. Not in fixed position; spaces
between particles; particle motion
2. Because particles are far apart
with more space for particle
motion
3. Very large spaces between the
particles
Activity 1 Let Us Assess Let Us Try
Q1. Yes, because it has air inside. 1. A 11. D D
Q2. I felt the springiness of the air inside the syringe. 2. B 12. C C
Q3. I felt the resistance of the water. C
3. C 13. D
Q4. I felt the springiness with air but resistance with water C
Q5. Springiness with air because gas particles are compressible 4. B 14. A
5. A 15. D C
because large spaces between them. Resistance with water
because water is not compressible because there are very small 6. B
spaces between them. 7. A
Q6. Yes 8. D
Q7. The water is flat as it follows the flat surface of the dinner 9. C
plate. 10. C
Q8. It does not take the shape of the bottle.
Answer Key
 References

Jose M. Andaya, Conceptual Science and Beyond: Chemistry Quezon City:

Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2010
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics Illinois: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006
Pia C. Campo, et. al., Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Module Philippines: Vibal
Publishing House, Inc., 2013
William L. Masterton and Cecile N. Hurley, Chemistry Principles and
Reactions Singapore: Thomson Learning Asia, 2005

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762

Email Address: lrms.davaocity@deped.gov.ph