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361 views24 pagesProblem Solving and Data Analysis - Kaplan
SAT Math
Uploaded by
Dung NguyenCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 24
Math
ite ita
EXTRA PRACTICE
‘You may use your calculator for all questions
in this section,
1, Atall trials and hearings, a court reporter
types every word spoken during the
proceedings so that there isa written record of
‘what transpired. Because they must type every
‘word, the average court reporter must be able
to type at a minimum rate of 3.75 words per
second in order to be certified. Suppose a trial
transcript contains 25 pages with an average
0675 words per page. Assuming the court
reporter typedl the transcript atthe minimom
rate, how long was she actively typing?
A) Lhout, 15 minutes
B) Thour, 45 minutes
©) 2hours, 30 minutes
D) 3hours
2, In 1912, the original candidates for United
States President were Woodrow Wilson
and William H. Taft. Because of party
disagreements, former President Theodore
Roosevelt also decided to run and ended up
splitting the vote with his fellow Republican
and incumbent, Taft. In a certain state, the
ratio of the popular vote of Taft to Roosevelt
to Wilson was approximately 35:41:63. If
approximately 208,500 votes were cast in that
state for the three candidates altogether, how
‘many were cast for Taft?
A) 15,000
B) 45,000
©) 52500
D) 69,500
Political canvassers polled voters in two
locations on whether they viewed a particular
candidate for governor favorably. At the first
location, they asked 125 people and of those,
22.4% responded favorably. At the second,
location, 37.5% of 272 people responded
favorably. What percent ofall the people
surveyed responded favorably?
A) 25.7%
B) 30.0%
C) 31.5%
D) 32.7%
At350°F, an oven can cook approximately
3 pounds of turkey per hour. At 450°E, it can
cook approximately 4.5 pounds per hour.
How many more ounces of turkey can the
‘oven cook at 450 than at 350° in 10 minutes?
(1 pound = 16 ounces)
A) 4
B) 6
6
D) 12
110 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis 5. A company specializes in converting peoples
‘VHS movies and DVDs to digital formats,
‘which, once converted, are approximately
45 gigabytes in size. Once converted, the
company uploads the videos toa secure
cloud drive, where the customers can retrieve
their files. The company uploads the videos
every day, from closing time at 5:00 Pt until
9:00 pa, Their internet service provider has
an upload speed of 12 megabytes per second.
‘What is the maximum number of videos
the company can upload each evening?
(1 gigabyte = 1,024 megabytes)
2
6
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‘A museum is building @ scale model of Sue,
the largest Tyranmosaurus rex skeleton ever
found. Sue was 13 feet tall and 40 feet long,
and her skull had a length of 5 feet. Ifthe
length of the museum's scale model skull
is 3 foot, 15 inches, what is the difference
between the scale model’ length and its
height?
A). Sfeet, 15 inches
B) 1G feet, 10.5 inches
©) 22-eet, 6.5 inches
D) 27 feet, 4 inches
Chapter 5: Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 111
uew Math
Gea aes
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following information.
‘Mia is planning to work asa hostess ata restaurant, TWwo restaurants in her area have offered her jobs, both
of which utilize “tip share,” which means that the hostess gets a portion of all tips left by all customers.
Restaurant A has a tip share for hostesses of 7%, while Restaurant B has a tip share of only 4%.
2.
2
‘Mia does some research and finds that, on
average, restaurants in her area bring in
approximately $1,100 in tips for the evening
shift. Based on this information, how much
more in dollars would Mia make in tips at
Restaurant A than at Restaurant B if she
‘worked 5 evenings a week for 4 weeks?
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8. Upon further research, Mia discovers that
Restaurant Bis making some improvements
to becomea more upscale establishment,
‘which will result in an increase ia meal prices
and, consequently, should also inerease tips.
Assuming both restaurants originally brought in
the average tips given inthe previous question,
‘what percent increase would Restaurant B need
to experience in tips in order for Mia to make
the same amount of money in one evening at
both restaurants from the hostess tip share?
Assume that Restaurant B doesrit increase its
tip share percentage. Enter your answer as &
‘whole number and ignore the percent sign.
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Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis 9. While reviewing for exams, a teacher knows
that the number of topics he can cover is
directly proportional to the length of time
he as to review. Ifhe can cover 9 topics in a
single 45-minute period, how many topics can
he cover in a I-howr period?
As
Bo?
© 1
D) 2 7
410. Weight is dependent on the gravitational
force exerted on an object. In other words,
in space, you would weigh nothing because
there is no gravity. Likewise, because the
‘moonis gravitational pull is less than Earth’,
objects weigh less on the moon. In general,
1 pound on arth is equal to approximately
0.166 pounds on the moon. Ifa man weighs
29 pounds on the moon, about how much, in
pounds, does he weigh on Barth?
A) 21
B) 48
© 17s
D) 196
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Somewhat
Satisfied
-4
Completely
Completely] Dissatisfied
Satisfied | 25%
A company conducts a customer satisfaction
survey. The results are summarized in the
pie graph, 1F240 customers responded to
the survey, how many customers were either
completely or somewhat satisfied?
A) 60
B) 96
© us
D) 204
When medical tests are conducted, there is
always the possibility that the test will return
a false positive or a false negative, A false
positive means the test shows that a patient
has the condition being studied, when the
patient actually does not; a false negative
indicates that patient does not have the
condition, when the patient actually does.
Suppose a certain medical test has a false
positive rate of 6 out of 3,500. How many
people were tested during a period when
27 false positives came back?
A) 14000
B) 15,750
©) 17,500
D) 21,000
Chapter 5: Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 113
ew Math
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13, A tutoring service offers free one-hour tus 16.
toring session. After a client signs up, the next
10 hours of tutoring are billed at arate of $30
per hour. For all hours after that, the client
receives discounted rate. Ifa cient pays $664
for 25 hours of tatoring, what i the ervied’s
discounted hourly rate?
A) $2450
B) $25.54
©) $26.00
D) $26.56
14. Ina week, alight bulb factory produces
12,500 light bulbs. ‘The ratio of light emitting
diodes (LED bulbs) to compact fluorescent
lamps (CFL bulbs) is 2:3. Of the LED bulbs
produced, 3% were defective. How many LED
bulbs were not defective?
A) 150
B) 2425
©) 4.850
D) 7275
15, 1n 1950, scientists estimated a certain animal
population in a particular geographical area to
be 6,400. In 2000, the population had risen to
7,200. I'this animal population experiences the
same percent increase over the next 50 years,
‘what will the approximate population be?
A) 8,000
B) 8,100,
© 8,400
b) 8600
On average, Betsy reads 1 page of her book
every 1.5 minutes, Her book has 116 pages.
Raymond starts a 94-page book on Saturday
morning at 83 am and reads straight
through until he finishes it at 11:38 am. How
‘many more minutes docs it take Raymond to
read his book than etsy to read hers?
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‘An emergency room doctor prescribes @
certain pain medication to be delivered
through an IV drip. She prescribes 800 ml
‘ofthe medication to be delivered over the
course of 8 hours. The IV delivers I mL. of
medication over the course of 30 drips. How
many drips per minute are needed to deliver
the pesebed done?
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114 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis egestas
18. A power company divides the geographic
regions it serves into grids, The company is
able to allocate the power it generates based
con the usage and needs ofa particular grid.
Certain grids use more power at certain times
eM
ofthe day so companies often shift power
around to different grids at various times. On
any given day, the company makes several
changes in the power allocation to Grid 1
First, increases the power by 203%. Then, it
decreases it by 10%. Finally, it increases it by
30%, What isthe net percent increase in this
‘rds power allocation? Round to the nearest
whole percent and ignore the percent sign
‘when entering your answer.
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Chapter 5: Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 115 Math
(earl aetaicas
Questions 19 and 20 refer to the following information.
Every Saturday morning, three friends meet for breakfast at 9.00 aat. Andrea walks, Kellan bikes, and Joelle
drives
19, Last Saturday, all hice fronds were exactly 20._Kellan lives 19 miles ueny fram Andrea On
on time, Andrea left her house at 8:30 am and a different Saturday, Kellan biked ata rate of
walked at arate of 3 miles per hour. Kellan left 15 miles per hour to Andreas house. The two
his house at 8:15 ant and biked ata rate of 14 then walked to the restaurant ata rate of
miles per hous. Joelle left her house at 8:45.AM 2.5 miles per hour, and they arrived five
and drove an average speed of 35 miles per ‘minutes eatly. What time did Kellan leave his
hour. How many miles from the restaurant house? Enter your answer as three digits and
does the person who traveled the farthest live? ignore the colon. For example, ifyour answer
15 5:30 am, enter 530.
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116 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis (ruse mua
EXTRA PRACTICE
new
1. Which ofthe following is best modeled using 2. Adriana used the data from a scatterplot she
a linear regression equation, y = ax + b, found on the US. Census Bureau's website
where a <0? to determine a regression model showing
the relationship between the population in
the area where she lived and the number of
years, after she was born. The result was
an exponential growth equation of the form
y= ay(1 +7)" Which ofthe following does
+) most likely represent inthe equation?
‘A) The population in the year that she was
born
D) The rate uf Usage uf the population over
time
©) The maximum population reached dur-
ing her lifetime
D) The number of years after her birth when
the population ceached its maximum
Chapter 6: Scatterptots 135 Extra Practice
Seal Use in England (1985-2009) Minor Muscle Strains Sustained
by athletes
% 2» =
é 3 215)
2 z ‘S16
5 F io
z a4
& a4
OP e eB 6 2 78% 22
‘Years After Seatbelt Law Enacted °
3, In 1983, the British Parliament enacted a ee eee
mandatory scat belt la The scatterplot above 4, ‘The scatterplot above shows the numberof
shows data collected each year after the aw ‘ior muscle strain injuries sustained in a year
‘was enacted regarding the percent of driv- by athletes, plotted against their self-reported
ers and front seat passengers who wore seat amount of time spent stretching and doing
belts. Which of the following equations best other “warm up” activities before engaging in
represents the trend of the data shown in the rigorous physical activity. Which of the follow-
figure? ing best estimates the average rate of change
A) y=04x +25 in the numberof injuries compared with the
a number of minutes spent warming up?
©) ya tax +35 See
D) y=26x+25 aoe
Qa
D) 20
136 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis ‘The Federal Reserve controls certain interest
rates in the United States. Investors often try
to speculate as to whether the Federal Reserve
will raise or lower rates and by how much.
Suppose a company conducts extensive inter-
‘views with financial analyst, ad as a result,
predicts that “the Fed” will increase rates by
an average of 0.25 percentage points every
six months for the foreseeable future. Which
type of equation could be used to model the
predicted interest rates over the next several
years, assuming no other significant changes?
A). Allinear equation
B) A quadratic equation
C) A polynomial equation
D) An exponential equation
Seageiatc
A physics class is doing an experiment in or-
der to write a fanction that models the height
ofa new super bouncy ball after each time
that it bounces of the parking lot. "The ball
is thrown from the roof ofthe gym straight
dlown to the parking lot pavement: Te ball
bounces to a height of 80 feet. The ball is al-
lowed to bounce again, without anyone touch-
ingit, this time veaching a maximum height of
40 feet. It bounces again, reaching a height of
20 feet, and continues until it eventually stops
bouncing. Which ofthe following functions
could be used to model the height (H) of the
ball after each time that it hits the pavement
(©), until the bal stops bouncing?
mew
80
A) HO) =F
80
B) HO) = So
©) Hb) =80 2b
D) H(b)=80— 266-1)
Chapter 6: Scatterplots 137 Extra Practice
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following information.
‘Most chickens reach maturity and begin laying eggs at around 20 weeks of age. From this point forward,
however, as the chicken ages, its egg production decreases. A farmer was given a flock of 100 chickens (all
‘of which are the same age) and asked to measure daily egg output for the entre flock at random intervals
starting at maturity until the chickens were 70 weeks old. The data is recorded in the scatterplat helow
‘and the line of best fit has been drawn.
Math
Egg Output
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Weeks Past Matty
7. How many times did the farmer's data differ 8 Based on the line of best fit, what is the pre~
by at least 5 eggs from the number of eges icted number of eggs that will be produced
predicted by the ne of best fit? by the flock when tis 36 weeks past maturity?
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138 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis (Sree rie)
9, Ifa scatterplot shows a strong positive linear
correlation, then which of the following best
describes the trend of the data points?
A). Points ina perfectly straight line that
rises from lef to right
mew
18) oints in a pertecty straight line that alls
from left to right
C) Points that fit fairly close toa straight line
that rises from left to right 11, Which of the equations best models the data
D) Points that fit fairly close to a straight line shown above?
that flls from left to right A) y=05r—1
B) y=05x+1
© y=1set1
D) y=1se-1
12. Suppose a scatterplot shows a weak negative
linear correlation. Which of the following,
statements is true?
A) ‘The slope ofthe line of best fit will be a
10. Which ofthe following s the best estimate number less than
for the slope of the line that best its the data B) Theslope ofthe line of bes fit will bea
showin inthe figure above? (Assume that the Seep aie
black bordered area is «square and that the Ce
scale of measurement i the same on every oe ie eee
side.) negative slope.
ae D) The data points will be closely gathered
po ely
p) -2 around the line of best fit, which has a
3 negative slope
° 3
Db) 3
Chapter 6: Scatterplots 139 Math
es eeu aeraiic
‘Namiber of Sick Days Used
13, The Human Resources department of a cot
pany tracks employee sick day usage to see if
there are patterns. One of the HR representa-
tives decides to check employee sick day usage
against outside temperature. He compiles the
information for the employees’ sick day us-
age and temperature in the seatterplot above.
Which of the following conclusions can he
draw based! on this data?
|A) There is no relationship between the
number of sick days used by employees
in general and outside temperature.
B) There is no relationship between the
number of sick days used by this compa
nys employees and outside temperature.
©) No conclusions can be drawn about the
number of sick days used by this compa
ny’ employees and outside temperature,
D) “There isa relationship between, but not
causation by, the number of sick days
used by this company’s employees and
outside temperature,
14, Scientists plotted data for two animal popula:
tions on a scatterplot: Population A, which
they graphed along the x-axis, and Population
B, which they graphed along the y-axis. The
data showed a strong negative correlation,
Which ofthe following statements is justified?
|A). The rise in Population A caused the de-
line in Population B.
B) The decline in Population B caused the
rise in Population A.
(©) Because the correlation is negative, there
cannot be causation between the two
populations.
D) The rise in Population A is correlated to
the decline in Population B, but causation
is unknown,
15. Ifascatterplot shows data points inthe first
quadrant of a coordinate plane that decrease
very quickly at first, and then continue to
decrease but at a much slower rate, then which
‘of the following functions is the best model
for the data?
A) fl) = ax? + be-+e, where a> 0
B) fla) = ax? + bx +o wherea <0
©) fox) =al + where r > 0
D) f(a) = al + 1 where <0
140 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis 16.
When a baby is bor, it has a smell stomach,
and therefore only needs small amounts of,
breast milk or formula ata time. As the baby
gets older, it needs more calories to grow,
soit starts consuming more milk. At about
66 months, babies are able to eat solid foods
andl wll get some oftheir calories from that.
‘Accordingly, the childs need far milk starts to
decrease, until tis no longer even necessary,
which occurs at about one year of age. If data
is collected on a typical infants milk intake
lover the first year and plotted on a scatterplot,
what kind of model would most likely match
the data?
A). Positive linear
B) Negative inear
©). Positive quadratic
D)_ Negative quadratic
Genji is compiling data sefating stow ill
to temperature where he lives. He records
his data points in the form (temperature in
degrees Fahrenheit, snowfall in inches). He
plots the data on a scatterplot and draws a line
‘of best fit, which indicates a strong negative
correlation. He then remembers that his tem-
perature gauge reads 10 degrees colder than
it actually is. This means all of is data points
are correct for the amount of snowfall, but the
temperature readings are all lower than they
should be. To correct the problem, he adds
10 degrees to all of his temperature readings
and re-plots the data. What does this mean for
his data?
A) The data is no longer necessarily correlated,
B) There is no change in the strength of,
correlation,
©) The rate of change for the line of best fit
isless now,
D) The rate of change for the line of best fit
is greater now,
Extra Practice
18. ‘The maximum value of the data shown in
the scatterplot above occurs at x = 25, Ifthe
data is modeled using a quadratic regression
and the cortelation coefficient is 1.0 (the fit is
exact), then what isthe y-value when x —3
A) 10
B) 15
oC 2
Db) 27
Chapter 6: Scatterplots 141
wen, Math
Burwsem ie
Cee
i012 4 16 *
19, Whats the y-value of the data point that has
the highest percent error from the mean of the
data shown in the scatterplot above?
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Gas Mileage (mpg)
20,
Glo iave 100 202300 3.000
Miles Over Recommended Servicing
Research suggests that for any given make
and model of car, the more miles the car is
driven over the recommended miles between
servicing, the worse gas mileage the car gets.
Suppose a car dealership compiles data on a
specific make and model of car and creates the
seatterplot shown above. They then use the
1
equation y = + 4 35 to model the data,
itz
Based on the information, how many miles
per gallon could be expected if this particular
car is driven 3,400 miles over the recommend-
ced miles between servicing?
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142 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis Extra Practice
EXTRA PRACTICE
Math
{xen ocr oral qt inhi sect,
Final Trivia Round 2. Anclectronies manufacturer wants to know if
7 customers would be interested in a detachable
6 keyboard for their tablets and ifs, what
g5 the most important features would be. The
a4 ‘manufacturer partners with an electronics
é 7 store to include copies of the survey with
| every purchase at that store for one week.
4 Which of the following best explains why
erates Gees this random sample is unlikely to be a good
‘Number of tates Correctly Named representative sample of tablet owners)
1. In the final ound ofa trivia competition, preferences fora detachable keyboard?
contestants were asked to name as many states |A) One week is likely not enough time to get
that begin with the letter M as they could in ‘large enough sample
15 seconds. he bar graph shows the number De ee
of states the contestants were able to name
How many contestants participated inthe
final round of this competition?
survey, which is likely to skew the results.
©) There is no way to verify whether the
responders to the survey actually own a
A) 6 tablet
pee) D) The survey is biased because it was
ou conducted through an electronics store,
D) 2 not the general population.
166 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis Appliance Sales
re
toe x
XxXXXX KX X
Veiga seg ying
Number Sold
An appliance salesman sets a goal to sell an
average of 6 appliances per day for the fist
tio weeks of his new job. The dot plot shows
the number he sold each day during the fist
13 days, What is the minimum number of
appliances he must sell on the 4th day in
order to reach his goal?
a
Bs
o7
D) 8
Muscles, a membership-only gym, is
hoping to open a new branch in a small
city in Pennsylvania that currently has no
fitness centers. According to their research,
approximately 12,600 residents live within
driving distance of the gym. Muscles sends
oot surveys to a sample of 300 randomly
selected residents in this area (al of whom
respond) and finds that 40 residents say they
‘would visita gym if one was located in their
area, Based on past survey research, Muscles
estimates that approximately 30% of these
respondents would actually join the gym if
they opened one in the area, Based on this
information and the results of the sample
survey, about how many residents should
Muscles expect to join its new branch?
A) 14
B) 504
©) 1.680
BD) 3,780
eget)
Distribution of Fish Breeds
50% carp
1 Simon
= Tilapia
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5, Mereury poisoning isa dangerous overload
of mercury within the body. A major source
of mercury poisoning is consuming, fsh
that contain mercury. Certain fsh are more
prone to having higher levels of mercury than
thers. The pie chart shows the dstsibation of
four breeds offish at hatchery. The hatchery
has approximately 6,000 fish, A biologist
from the Centers for Disease Conteol and
Prevention randomly tests 5% ofeach breed
of fis for mercury content. Her findings are
shown in the Following table.
Mereury Content Test Results
Breed | Newbee of = ie pee |
Carp, a
Based on the biologists findings, ifa single
salmon is randomly selected from those
that were tested, what is the probability th
this particular fish woold have a dangerous
mercury level?
A) 0.001
B) 0.004
© 002
D) 008
Chapter 7: Two-way Tables, Statistics, and Probability 167
wew (Stceae lana
6. A Writers Association sponsored a nation-
‘wide convention for nonfiction weiters. The
association received 1,650 responses from
‘members indicating that they were planning
to attend the convention. The association
sent a randomly generated follow-up email
to 250 writers who were planning to attend
‘and asked them about lunch preferences.
Seventy-four said salads, 22 said pizza, 30 said
pasta salad, 29 said grilled chicken, and the
rest said sandwiches. Out of al ofthe writers
planning to attend, about how many could
the association expect to want sandwiches for
Junch at the convention?
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168 Unit Three: Problem Solving & Data Analysis ie iarera tie
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following information.
‘The amount of glucose, or sugar, ina person's blood is the primary indicator of diabetes. When a person
fasts (doesn’t eat) for eight hours prior to taking a blood sugar test, his/her glucose level should be below
100 mg/dL. A person is considered at risk for diabetes, but is not diagnosed as diabetic, when fasting
slucose levels ate between 100 and 125. Ifthe level is above 125, the person is considered to have diabetes.
The following table shows the ages and glucose levels of a group of diabetes study participants.
ew
Diabetes Study Results
[Ase Group “|
