12

Media and
Information Literacy
Quarter 3 Module 1

1
 Media and
Infomation Literacy
Grade 12
Schools Division Office Management Team: : Rosemarie C. Blando, August Jamora, Merle D. Lopez

Writers: Ma. Cristina A. Cruz, Edgar Allan C. de Guia Evaluators:

Ma. Cristina A. Cruz, Edgar Allan C. de Guia Illustrator: Julius

Burdeos

Media and Information Literacy Quarter 3

First Edition, 2020

Published by: Department of Education SDO—Rizal Schools

Division Superintendent: Cherrylou D. Repia Assistant Schools
Division Superintendents:
Gloria C. Roque and Babylyn M. Pambid

2
 WEEKS
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy

I What I need to know 1-2

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Describe how media communication is influenced by media and infor-
mation.
2. Identify the similarities and differences and among media information,
technology, and literacy.
3. Discuss responsible use of information.
Communication pertains to the exchange of messages through speaking,
writing, gestures, or other symbolic forms using various channels for sending and
receiving. The most essential part of every communication is the message purposely
arranged by the sender going to the receiver. Every day we receive a lot of infor-
mation about the most diverse topics. There are various ways on how we receive
these pieces of information or messages. Media are physical objects used to com-
municate including mass media (radio, television, computers, film, etc.). Discover
essential knowledge needed to engage with media and information channels sub-
stantially.

I What is new?

Learning Task 1: Rank the following media and information providers listed below.
Indicate numbers 1-5 depending on the frequency of usage. Write 1 for the most
commonly used down to 5 as the less utilized. Gather responses from the members
of your family. Indicate also the purpose of using each media information provider if
it is for learning, leisure or communication.

Media and Information My Ranking/ Respondent 1/ Respondent 2/

Provider Purpose Purpose Purpose

1. Newspaper
2. Internet
3. Television
4. Social Media
5. Radio

Guide Questions:
1. What are the similarities and differences in the answers in terms of ranking and
purpose?
2. What conclusions can you make out of the information gathered?

3
D What I know?

Learning Task 2: Read and analyze the information presented below and answer the
guide questions.

https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/
https://www.usi.edu/media/5626499/erin-gibson-1.jpg?
imageserve/5e73b9c810380d0006bda20e/960x0.jpg?fit=scale
width=318&height=381

Guide Questions:

1. Do you believe in the pieces of information given? Why or why not?

2. What are the things you notice in the info-graphics that made think?
3. What realization does these images give you?

D What is it?

Concepts Related to Media and Information Literacy

1. Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and

compute using printed and written materials associated with varying con- texts.
Literacy involves a continuum of learning wherein individuals are able to achieve
their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their
community and wider society.

2. Media is the physical objects used to communicate with, or the mass commu-
nication through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It
also refers to any physical object used to communicate messages.

3. Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create media in a
variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the compe-
tencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new
technologies.

4. Information is a broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from
study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.

5. Information Literacy is the ability to recognize when information is needed, and

locate, evaluate and communicate information in its various formats.

4
6. Technology Literacy is the ability of an individual, either working inde-
pendently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately and effectively use
technological tools. Using these tools, an individual can access, manage, in-
tegrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.
7. Media and Information Literacy refers to essential skills and competen- cies
that allow individuals to engage with media and other information pro-
viders effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning
skills

Learning Task 3: From the given concepts about Media and Information Literacy
provide the necessary information asked in each statement.
1. Enumerate at least three literacy that you already acquired as a student.
2. Give three examples of media.
3. List three manifestations of a media literate person.
4. Provide three information that you gathered today.
5. Cite three ways showing information literacy.
6. Specify some tips of becoming a technology literate.
7. Give three proofs that a person is a media and information literate.

E What is more?

Learning Task 4: Use the diagram below to explain the interconnection of each
Media and Information Literacy concept.

Media Literacy

Technology Literacy Information Literacy

5
E What can I do?

Learning Task 5: On a short bond paper create a slogan advocating on the importance of
being a media and information literate individual. Your output will be assessed using
the 3C’s.
Content 25 pts.
Creativity 15 pts.
Craftsmanship 10 pts.

A What I have learned?

Reflection Log: Answer each questions.

1. How does media affect communication?
2. How are the concepts media literacy, media information and technology literacy
connected?
3. How can you used this new learning in dealing with life?

A What can I achieve?

Assessment
Direction: Read and analyze the situation presented and identify the concept of me-
dia literacy describe.
1. Earl is trying to find information for his research particularly the related litera-
ture. He is browsing different sources such as Google Scholar, Mendeley, and Re-
search Gate. He is carefully choosing the studies to be used for the paper.
a. Information Literacy b. Technology Literacy
c. Media Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
2. Aian can trouble shoot basic computer problems such as removing viruses and
malware and uninstalling unnecessary programs. He learned this from his older
brother.
a. Information Literacy b. Technology Literacy
c. Media Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
3. Nathan is an elected SK chairperson. During the pandemic he created a Facebook
Page for his fellow youth to keep them well-informed about the situation. He is also
posting some reminders on how to stay safe during the pandemic.
a. Information Literacy b. Technology Literacy
c. Media Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy

6
4. Aira wants to order some of her stuff. Before she starts adding to cart she tries
to compare the prices, the quality of the product and the feedback from other cus-
tomers. Aside from the two famous online logistics , Lazada and Shopee, she also
tries to look for other cites that can offer products at a reasonable price and relia-
ble quality.
a. Information Literacy b. Technology Literacy
c. Media Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
5. Chelzy reported a fake news in Facebook by clicking or tapping the upper right
hand corner of a post and selecting “It's a Fake News story.” Before reporting it, she
checked the publishers name, the date and time and the writer’s name. She also
look for other reports similar to the headline, when she did not read any similar
content she started to doubt the credibility of the news.
a. Information Literacy b. Technology Literacy
c. Media Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy

7
 References

Laquigan B.C. (2016). Media and Information Literacy – Diwa Learning System INC.
Licuanan, P. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School, Media and Information
Literacy. Commission on Higher Education
Ping, A. (2016). Introduction to Media and Information Literacy- Updated Version
[Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/b-Y6LRIppU4

8
 WEEKS

Evolution of media 3
I What I need to know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast how one particular issue or news is presented through
the different types of media (print, broadcast, online)

According to McLuhan (1962) on his media map of his-

tory(Fig.1) , there are four main periods in the history of com-
munication — tribal age, literacy age, print age and electronic
age. These ages summarize the evolution of media through
time.
Tribal age is where early human ancestors relied heavi-
ly on sense of hearing to survive. Literacy age comes in when
humans are able to discover the concept of alphabet and
learns how to read and comprehend. The invention of printing
press is the breakthrough of print age as humans went to
mass production of written text like newspapers and books. Figure1: McLuhan’s Media Map of History
A d ap t e d f r om ht tp s:/ / tw i t te r . c om /

The term ‘global village’ is introduced when everyone in the M e d i a E c o l o g y 3 0 0 /

s t a tu s/ 4 0 3 2 6 9 510 9 72 4 52 8 6 4 / p ho t o/ 1
Assessed (February 5, 2021)

Knowing the history of media map, you can be able to classify the media whether
it is traditional or new media. Traditional media are one directional and its experience
to user is limited. On the other hand, new media is interactive and audience are able to
send feedback simultaneously.

In this lesson, you will be able to determine the difference between traditional to
new media and how it shapes the values and norms of people and society.

I What is new?

Learning Task 1: Traditional media versus New Media

Identify whether the media form is traditional or new media

1. Newspaper 6. Web

2. Books 7. Broadsheet

3. Television 8. Cinema

4. Online video games 9. Magazine

5. Radio 10. Internet

9
D What I know?

Evolution of media

Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) - People discovered fire, developed paper from plants,
and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron.

35000 BC 2400 BC 2nd Century

Cave painting Clay tablets in Mesopotamia Dibao in China
...
2500 BC 130 BC 220 AD
Papyrus in Egypt Acta Diurna in Rome Printing press using

Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People used the power of steam, developed ma- chine
tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products
(including books through the printing press).

19th Century 1890

Printing press for 1800 Motion picture
mass production Typewriter photography/projection
...
1640 1876 1926
The London Telephone
Gazette

Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The invention of the transistor ushered in the

electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor
radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance com-
munication became more efficient.

1960
1941 1951 Mainframe 1976
Television UNIVAC computers Apple 1
...
1949 1968
EDSAC Hewlett Packard 9100A
Information Age (1900s-2000s) - The Internet paved the way for faster com-
munication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of
microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and

1993 1999 2004 2008 2013

Web Browser Blogspot Facebook Netbooks Google Hangouts

2003 2005 2010

1996
Skype Youtube Instagram
Google
10
D What is it?

Learning Task 2: Recall the evolution of media. Complete the table below by
giving the tools or equipment use in each ages. Do this in your notebook.

What tools/equipment What are the tools/ What are the tools/
Ages did people to share equipment did people equipment did people
information? store information? to share information?

Pre-Industrial
Industrial
Electronic
Information
Guide Questions:
What is the role of media in the daily life of human on each ages?
How media affect the society on through ages?

E What is more?

Learning Task 3: Make a timeline of evolution of media from pre-industrial age

up to information age. Research at least two example on each ages. Do this on
your notebook.
Pre-Industrial Industrial Electronic Information

E What can I do?

Learning Task 4: Differentiate the traditional media and new media using Venn
Diagram.

Traditional New
media media

11
A What I have learned?

Reflect: Answer each questions.

1. What are the roles and functions of media in our society?

2. How does media change the culture and tradition of Filipino people?
3. How does media affect your personal, academic, and social aspect of life?

A What can I achieve?

Assessment

Direction: Choose the best answer.

1. It is a form of media known to be one directional and limited user experience.

a. traditional media b. new media c. information media d. print media

2. It is the age of media where machineries and printing press was developed.

a. pre-industrial age b. tribal age c. industrial media d. Information age

3. In this age the internet makes the lives of people convenient that be able to connect
and create social

a. industrial age b. print age c. electric age d. electronic age

4. In what age where internet makes the lives of people convenient that be able to
connect and create social network online?

a. Pre-industrial age b. information age c. industrial age d. electronic age

5. Virtual reality, biometrics, holography and artificial intelligences are good example
of what type of media?

a. traditional media b. print media c. old media d. new media

12
 WEEKS
Types of media
4
I What I need to know?

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast how one particular issue or news is presented through
the different types of media (print, broadcast, online)

On the previous lesson, we discussed the evolution of media and the differ-
ence between traditional to new media. You learned the examples of media invented
on each ages. Those examples presented are can be categories into three types of me-
dia — Print media, broadcast media and new media.

On this lesson, the students will be able to relate this types of media to social
and relevant issue happens in our society and how media affect the information pre-
sented to us.

I What is new?

Learning Task 1: Fill in the boxes to complete the word. Use the clues below to
guide your answer.
1
M
2
E
3
D
4
I
5
A

1. MMFF (Metro Manila Film Festival)

2. ABS-CBN and GMA

3. Moving pictures

4. World wide web

5. Manila bulletin and Philippine daily inquirer

13
D What I know?

Print Media is also known as press. This type of media refers to material that
are written and are physically distributed. Print media consists of paper and ink, re-
produced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical. The invention of Jo-
hannes Gutenberg of printing press in 1440 give rise to this type of media.

Broadcast media such as radio and television that reach target audiences us-
ing airwaves as the transmission medium. According to Baran (2010), radio was the
first electronic mass medium and the precursor of television. There are two common
types of radio which are AM (Amplitude modulation) and FM (Frequency modulation).
Amplitude modulation signals vary their amplitude to adapt to the sound information
that is being broadcasted through the wavelengths, while frequency modulation
sound is transmitted through changes in frequency.

New media or digital media refers to content organized and distributed on digi-
tal platforms. Digital media can be created, viewed, modified and distributed through

D What is in?

Learning Task 2: Give three examples of print media, broadcast media and digital
media

Print Broadcast Digital

Guide Question:

1. Did you use these examples of media? how many of these examples of media you
use?
2. Which of these types of media you commonly use? Why?

14
E What is more?

Learning Task 3: Think of any current and relevant events. Create a layout of
headline in broadsheet of your chosen current event. Give 1 paragraph of
brief explanation about it.

(HEADLINE)
————————
————————
————————
...

E What can I do?

Learning Task 4: Post about your experience on enhanced community quar-

antine. Include some pictures if you want. Posting on social media is not
necessary. You may create a wall post on your notebook.

What is on your mind, ?

15
A What I have learned?

Reflect: Answer each questions.

1. As a student, how will you use print media, broadcast or digital media to express
your thoughts and opinions?
2. Do you think that print media, broadcast and digital media are powerful enough to

A What can I achieve?

Assessment

Direction: Choose the best answer.

1. Which type of media where people relied on newspapers and magazines to learn
everything, from current and social events to important information about other
country

a. Print b. Broadcast c. New Media d. Digital

2. In this type of media, contents are categorized and distributed on digital platforms.

a. Print b. Broadcast c. New Media d. Information

3. Media such as radio and television are good examples of .

a. Print b. Broadcast c. New Media d. Information

4. Which of the following is TRUE?

a. Print : Books b. Broadcast : Internet

c. New media : Television d. Digital : Cinema

5. Which are NOT an example of new media

a. Facebook b. Instagram c. Google d. Calculator

16
 References

Baran, Stanley J. Introduction to Mass communication: Media Literacy and Culture.

6th edition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 2010

Mc Luhan, Marshall and Bruce R. Powers. The Golbal Village: Transformation in the
World Life and Ledia in the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press,
1989
Licuanan, P. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School, Media and Information
Literacy. Commission on Higher Education

Laquigan B.C. (2016). Media and Information Literacy – Diwa Learning System INC.

17
 WEEKS

Media and information sources 5

I What I need to know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Contrast indigenous media to the more common sources of information such as
library, internet, etc.

The information acquired depends on the media and information sources.

Sources are not the same or equally created. According to Meyer (2005) on the nature
and effective use of information in rural development, it was suggested that resource
may be evaluated by examining the information it contained. Meaning, the content is
essential on the sources.
Knowing that sources has vital role in gathering media and information, this
lesson would help the students realize the importance of accuracy and legitimacy of
sources to get true information.

I What is new?

Learning task 1: True media or not?

Identify whether the information acquired on the following sources is true or not then
explain why?
1. Library - .

2. Broadsheet - .

3. Internet - .
4. News - .

5. Youtube video - .

18
D What is in?

Indigenous knowledge and media

Information is processed and refined. It is an interpretation of the data of au-
thor or who produced the information. The consumers of information must take time to
read and look on the reference of information to validate and check its relevance. Infor -
mation can be obsolete and may not be applicable to the current context. To check the
information needed, you may check the following;
 Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and
evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the relia-
bility of information.
 Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actu-
al data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information be-
ing evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual
data. Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly
classified, and presented
 Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making
or improving decisions.
 Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from
a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers,
reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter
are considered as having sound authority on the subject.
 Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the
time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been
found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may be-
come irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valua-
ble). Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accu-
racy, and value throughout history.
Knowing how to spot the true and legitimate information, let us know the indig-
enous knowledge and media. Indigenous knowledge (IK) is rather unconventional
source for information. According to Warren (1991), it is the “knowledge that is unique
to a given culture or society.
Indigenous knowledge contrasts with the international knowledge system generated by
universities, research institutions and private firms. It is the basis for local-level decision
making in agriculture, health-care, food preparation, education, natural-resource
management, and a host of other activities in rural communities
- Warren (1991)

19
 On the other hand, indigenous media defined by Asia Indigenous People Pact
(IAPP) as media:
Owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for
them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in
the language understood by the community by utilizing indigenous
materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interest,
visions and aspiration, and independent from vested interest
groups. It is highly participatory, involving the community mem-
bers in planning, management and production.
-AIPP (2014)
Indigenous media also known as community media is any form of media that
is created and controlled in the community, for the community, about the communi-
ty and by the community that separate from commercial media, state-run media or
public broadcasting.
In contrast, library and internet are prevalent sources of information nowa-
days. People tend to gather information on books in library, news in television and
over the internet. Library by definition is a place where literary, musical, artistic or
reference materials (such as books, manuscript, etc.) are kept for use but not for
sale. The main role of library is to organize and provide access to information. Now
there are online libraries where you can look for information online. Aside to library,
here are some of media form where you can gather information.

Media
Advantages Limitations
Type/Form
• Portable/transferable • Costly typesetting and
information design
• Affordable by volume, depend- • Costly publication
ing on size of print run • Expensive storage and
Books
• Ideal for content that may not shipping
change over time (historical, • Environmental issues
academic, catalogues of cul-

• Loyal (but shrinking) • Valid only for a certain

readership period of time
Newspaper/ • Target a geographical area • Message can be lost
Magazine • Can be shared with others • Magazine have niche
• Inserts and leaflets attract at- audience

• Trusted medium with loyal • Niche market: stations cater

followers to specific type of audience
Radio • National broadcasters can car- • Background medium (hard to
ry messages for nationwide hold attention)
events

20
Television Quickly spread the message on Expensive
different channels and times of Short message that must be re-
day peated to sink in
Improves credibility Lots of advertisements
Best suited for large-scale com- Traditional TV is less watched
munication activities by younger audience
Internet Main point of contact between Perceived difficulty to set up
user and audience High-cost maintenance
Acts as a hub for all other activ- Information control
ities/content
events/social media aggregator)
Easy to access from multiple
platforms

Evaluating the Reliability of Information sources

a. Check the author. The author’s willingness to be identified is a good indica-
tion of reliability.
b. Check the date of publication or of update. While the information may be
true, it may not be reliable if it is outdated and may have lost relevance.
c. Check for citations. Reliable authors have the discipline of citing sources of
their information.
d. Check the domain or owner of the site or page. The domains .edu and .gov
are reserved for academic institutions and the government respectively. Information
from such sites are presented with caution and are usually well-grounded. Site owners
may have an agenda that affects the manner by which information is presented.
e. Check the site design and the writing style. Credible sources take time to
make their information accessible and easy to comprehend.

D What is it?

Learning task 2: Look for various pieces of news on television or internet and answer the
following questions on each selection criteria

Selection criteria Questions

What are the details of this piece of news?

Reliability Which of these details can be verified in other sources?
Could these details be true? Why or why not?
Which of these facts are measurable?
How were they derived?
Accuracy Was the article written in an objective manner?
Is the article written with care?

21
 Consider the audience of the article?
Value
Who would find this article valuable?
Who wrote the article?
How is the author related to the article?
What was his source?
Authority
Are the sources properly cited?
What is the reputation of the author?
Is he known for some biases?
When was the article written?
Is it possible that some of the information in the article has
Value changed in time?
If yes, would the change have any effect on the conclusion of the
article?

E What is more?

Learning task 3: Complete the table identifying the examples on each media form and give
possible information can be found on it.

Media Type/
Examples Information can be found
Form

Books

Newspaper/
Magazine

Radio

Television

Internet

E What I can do?

Learning task 4: Identify information about their local community and look for possi- ble
source of this information. Interview a person who possibly knowledgeable on that
particular topic. Refrain from searching on internet to preserve its indigenous
knowledge.

22
A What I have learned?

Reflect:
How do people find information that matches my needs?

How do I choose from the wide variety of information made available by different
sources?

A What can I achieve?

Assessment
Direction: Choose the best answer.
1. Also known as unconventional source for information
a. indigenous people c. indigenous knowledge
b. indigenous media d. indigenous culture
2. A media owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them
to develop and produce culturally appropriate information
a. indigenous media c. library
b. indigenous products d. internet
3. It is a place where literary, musical, artistic or reference materials is kept for use
but not for sale.
a. computer café c. library
b. museum d. cultural heritages
4. What are the advantages of having a book as a source of information?
a. portable and can transfer the information
b. easy to access anytime
c. best suite for large size audience
d. can quickly spread information through channels
5. The following information are can be access through internet EXCEPT
a. News c. current events
b. indigenous knowledge d. books

23
 WEEKS

Media and information languages 6

I What I need to know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Present an issue in varied ways to disseminate information using the codes,
convention, and language of media

Are you familiar in Morse code? It is a method use in telecommunica-

tion to encode text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal
durations, called dots and dashes or dits and dahs created by Samuel Morse.
In media studies, codes are important to understand the meaning of infor-
mation
In this lesson, the students will learn the importance of understand the
codes and genre to interpret the language od society.

I What is new?

Learning task 1: Baybayin

Try to introduce yourself in the writing format of baybayin. Include the name, age, ad- dress
birthday, etc. Make at least one paragraph. Do this in your notebook.

https://owlcation.com/humanities/Learn-how-to-type-write-and-read-baybayin

24
D What is in?

Codes are consists of signs that have meaning and dictated by agreed rules of
interpretation. Codes may also subject for misinterpretation and miscommunication.
(culture, personal biases and level of knowledge). There are three common codes used
by people. These are technical, symbolic/visual and written codes.
Technical Codes
• When equipment is used to tell the story in a media that affects the interpretation
of message.
• Example: Photo - Camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and expo-
sure.
• Example: Film - type of film shot, editing
Visual/Symbolic codes
• Codes that are embedded in technical codes such as object, setting, body lan-
guage, clothing and color.
• Codes that suggest or connote rather than explicitly state the meaning
• Example: soap opera scene: character is dressed in black and crying while seated
on a rocking chair.
• Example: Drinking glass suddenly slips from a hand of character connotes a
premenition that danger looms or trouble awaits.
Written codes
• Use of language style and textual layout
• More often dictated by editorial principles or policies of a particular news agency/
organization.
• Example: Newspaper - captions, titles, slogans, taglines

When an audience is exposed in a certain message, it often look for something

familiar or recognizable to be able to make sense its meaning. For instance, watching a
film produced by a particular movie house resembles the same theme and structure of
narrative that watched before or may inspired to a book. Simply means that people
give connections on the new information they acquired and when it happens frequently,
it establish its own meaning. This idea is what we called convention. Convention refers to
the generally accepted way of doing things that has formed into a habit because of
repeated exposure and experience of the message.
As the humanity improves through time, the concept of codes and convention
evolve into languages. Language pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or
codes and conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in
an effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge. There are more than
hundreds of languages across the world that helps the people to communicate and so
the media languages is introduced to communicate with others. Media language is
codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the mean-
ing of media messages to an audience.

25
D What is it?

Learning task 2: Give your own meaning of the following pictures below and explain how
and why you give that meaning.

1. 2. 3.

E What is more?

The first step in becoming media and information literate is to understand how
information, ideas and meaning are communicated through and by various media and
other information providers, such as libraries, archives, museums and the Internet
Learning task 3: Here are the following sample of Philippine postcards. Complete the table
below.

All pictures are copyright by PhilippinesPostcards.com.

Banawe Rice
Component Mayon Volcano El Nido Vigan
Terraces

Target Audience

Sender /
Author

Purpose

Key Content

Form / Style

Medium /
Format
Note: Form/Style can also pertains to tone, mood, color, font types, space, speed, direction, balance, repetition, emphasis,
movement, rhythm, unity, contrast, hierarchy, contrast, proportion, alignment, proximity, pattern, others.
Medium/Format can also pertains to the platform that the learners would be presenting their output (i.e. handwritten,
blogs, presentation, others).

26
E What can I do?

Learning Task 4: Answer the following question given each scenario.

Scenario 1: There will be a pandemic outbreak.
Scenario 2: The government announce the implementation of enhanced community
quarantine
Scenario 3: The Department of Education will shift to online distance learning (Online,
Modular and Blended)

1. Predict how this event will be covered by television, radio, print and Internet?
2. What are the possible codes and conventions?
3. How are the facts be presented?

A What I have learned?

Reflect:
1. What information codes, conventions and messages about our country is communi-
cated enthuse postcards?
2. If you are to create a postcard for a place or organization of your choice, what tech-
nical and symbolic codes would you use to convey important information and create
the desired impression? Why?
3. How is understanding of the technical and symbolic codes contribute to media and
information literacy?

A What can I achieve?

Direction: Choose the best answer.

1. It consists of signs that have meaning and dictated by agreed rules of interpreta-
tion.
a. codes b. media c. information d. convention
2. This are the codes that are embedded in technical codes.
a. technical b. visual c. written d. media
3. It is one of the common type of codes that uses language style and textual layout
a. technical b. visual c. written d. media
4. It refers to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that
media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate
ideas, information and knowledge.
a. media b. convention c. codes d. language
5. This is the codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indi-
cate the meaning of media messages to an audience.
a. media language b. convention c. codes d. visual codes

27
 References

Warren, D. M. (1991). “The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Facilitating the Agricultural Exten
sion Process”. Paper presented at International Workshop on Agricultural Knowledge
Systems and the Role of Extension. Bad Boll, Germany, May 21-24.
Meyer, Hester W.J “the Nature of information and the effective use of information in rural devel
opment.” Information Research 10, no. 2 (January 2005): paper 214. http://
www.informationr.net/ ir/10-2/paper214.html (assessed February 5, 2021)
Licuanan, P. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School, Media and Information Literacy.
Commission on Higher Education
Laquigan B.C. (2016). Media and Information Literacy – Diwa Learning System INC.
F. S. Beechey, Electro-Telegraphy, London: E. & F. N. Spon, 1876, p. 71
F. J. Camm, Radio Engineer's Pocket Book, 2nd ed., Chemical Publishing Co., 1941, p.
72

Answer Key

28
 WEEK
Intellectual Property, Copyright and Fair Use
7-8
I What I need to know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Cite practical situation when to apply knowledge in intellectual property,
copyright, and fair use guidelines
2. Create a campaign add to combat digital divide, addiction, bullying and
other issues.

“With great power comes great responsibility” is a famous line from the
movie Spider Man. Just like media together with technology the society is enjoying
such a powerful tool. Hence, a great sense of responsibility is highly encouraged
among its users. Discover the legal, ethical and societal issues in media and infor-
mation.

I What is new?

Guide Questions

1. What are the internet issues you see on the picture?

2. What are the possible dangers and issues of unguarded use of the internet are
illustrated in the picture?

3. How do you think you can avoid this things from happening to you?

29
 D What I know?

Cybercrime Law
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, officially recorded as Republic Act No.
101075 , is a law in the Philippines approved on 12 September. It aims to address legal
issues concerning online interactions and the Internet in the Philippines. Among the cy-
bercrime offenses included in the bill are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography,
identity theft, illegal access to data and libel.

The Act, divided into 31 sections split across eight chapters, criminalizes several
types of offenses, including illegal access (hacking), data interference, device misuse, cy-
bersquatting, computer-related offenses such as computer fraud, content-related offenses
such as cybersex and spam, and other offenses. The law also reaffirms existing laws
against child pornography, an offense under Republic Act No (the Anti-Child Pornography
Act of 2009), and libel, an offense under Section 355 of the Revised Penal Code of the Phil-
ippines, also criminalizing them when committed using a computer system. Finally, the
Act provides for a "catch-all" clause, wherein all offenses currently punishable under the
Revised Penal Code are likewise punishable under the Act when committed using a com-
puter, with corresponding stricter penalties than if the crimes were punishable under the
Revised Penal Code alone. Retrieved from:https://slideplayer.com/slide/5967340/
Guide Questions:
1. What legal issues concerning online interactions are presented in the law?
2. Do you think this law is enough to protect you as an internet user?Why or why not?

Learning Task 2: (React and Act) Using the emoticons react on the following situation and be
able to explain why are you reacting in such way.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediawiki.org%2Fwiki%2FExtension%
3AEmotcons&psig=AOvVaw0hMm71S2C8jmec5JArZb4p&ust=1612755029636000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved
=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLDE3O_q1u4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

30
Scenario 1: Benjie is setting goals for his singing career. He is learning how to rec- ord
efficiently, and put his recorded version on the video and upload it in
Youtube. He used the beat of a famous song.

React Act:

Scenario 2: Mr. Robles was invited as a guess speaker and portions of the com-
mencement speeches for the school’s graduation rites were copied from the speeches
of different celebrities.

React Act:

Scenario 3:Belle started receiving hurtful messages and comments on her post.

These are coming from an anonymous people.

React Act:

Scenario 4: Danielle spent long gaming sessions for the online game Mobile Legend.

His parents of reminded him to reduce the time he spend on video games.

React Act:

Scenario 5: Free WiFi can be accessed for 30 minutes per day in the areas of Ma- nila
City Hall, Ospital ng Maynila, Tondo Medical Center, Gat Andres Bonifacio Me-
morial Medical Center, Universidad de Manila and Museo Pambata.

React Act:

31
D What is it?

Terminologies Related to Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues in Media and

Information

1. Copyright is a legal device that gives the creator of liter- ary,

artistic, musical or other creative works the sole right to
publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right
to control the reproduction of their work, including the right
to receive payment for that reproduction. An author may
grant or sell those rights to others, including publishers or https://www.google.com/url?
sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%
recording companies. Violation of a copyright is called in-

2. Plagiarism is an act or instance of using or closely imitat-

ing the language and thoughts of another author without
authorization; the representation of that author's work as
one's own, as by not crediting the original author.
https://previews.123rf.com/images/

3. Cyber Bullying takes place online by using electronic tech-

nology such as cell phones, computers and tablets over com-
munication tools including social media sites, text messages,
chat and websites. Examples of cyber bullying include text
messages or emails composed to insult or demean; rumors or
false statements spread by email or posted on social network-
ing sites; and humiliating photos, videos, websites or fake
profiles deliberately shared across social media. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%

4. Computer addiction is the excessive use of computers to the

extent that it interferes with daily life. This excessive use may,
for example, interfere with work or sleep, resulting in
problems with social interaction or affect mood, relationships
and thought processes.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%

5. Digital divide is an economic inequality between groups in

terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. The di- vide
within countries (such as the digital divide in the Unit- ed
States) can refer to inequalities between individuals,
households, businesses, and geographic areas at different
socioeconomic (and other demographic) levels. The global
digital divide designates countries as units of analysis and
examines the divide between developing and developed
countries on an international scale. https://3yaxqw1hoybz1qcak31ysc9f-
wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/

32
E What is more?

Learning Task 3: (Act for Fact) Indicate the violation committed by the characters in each
scenario from Learning Task 2. Provide possible solution to the issues present- ed.
What should have been done to avoid future problems from the given situation.

Scenario1: Benjie is setting goals for his singing career. He is learning how to record
efficiently, and put his recorded version on the video and upload it in Youtube. He
used the beat of a famous song.
Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues:
Solution:

Scenario 2: Mr. Robles was invited as a guess speaker and portions of the com-
mencement speeches for the school’s graduation rites were copied from the speeches
of different celebrities.
Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues:
Solution:

Scenario 3:Belle started receiving hurtful messages and comments on her post.

These are coming from an anonymous people.

Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues:

Solution:

Scenario 4: Danielle spent long gaming sessions for the online game Mobile Legend. His

parents of reminded him to reduce the time he spend on video games.

Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues:

Solution:

Scenario 5: Free WiFi can be accessed for 30 minutes per day in the areas of Manila City
Hall, Ospital ng Maynila, Tondo Medical Center, Gat Andres Bonifacio Memorial
Medical Center, Universidad de Manila and Museo Pambata.

Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues:

Solution:

33
E What can I do?

Learning Task 4: (Fact Finding ) Look for at least three news articles about different violation
related to Republic Act No. 101075. Fill in the Info-List below to note im- portant details
about the new.

Headline:

What:
Where:
When:
Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues:

A What I have learned?

Learning Task 5: Create an infographic about legal, ethical and societal issues in media and
information. Advocate on the responsible use of media and information and protecting
the rights of every internet users. Your output will be assessed using the 3C’s.
Content 25 pts.
Creativity 15 pts.
Craftsmanship 10 pts.

A What can I achieve?

Learning Task 6: Provide a minimum of 10 tips on how to properly utilized media and
information. Use the knowledge learn about the legal, ethical and societal issues in the
use of internet. Create your own version of netiquette.

34
 References

Common Sense Education. (2014). Copyright and Fair Use Animation YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suMza6Q8J08

Laquigan B.C. (2016). Media and Information Literacy – Diwa Learning System INC.

Licuanan, P. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School, Media and Information
Literacy. Commission on Higher Education
Smart to provide free WiFi in 6 Manila spots. ABS-CBN News. https://news.abs-
cbn.com/business/08/07/19/smart-to-provide-free-wifi-in-6-manila-
spots#:~:text=Free%20WiFi%20can%20be%20accessed,de%20Manila%
20and%20Museo%20Pambata.

Answer Key

35