Dispersion Function
1 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion Function
Dispersion Function---Introduction
“Dispersion” is defined as the a distortion due to the different group velocity versus
frequency, especially for non-TEM propagation structure such as waveguide and
microstripe or wideband application;
The Phrase “Filter Dispersion” defined in SynMatrix360 incorporates both dispersive
effect as well as unwanted spurious which is close to the pass band;
Particularly in microwave filter design area, this function can simulate the
asymmetrical “skirt effect” which may be caused either by frequency dispersive effect
or by unwanted spurious. This phenomenon widely exists in wide band filter design
and waveguide filter design
2 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion Function
Dispersion Function---Introduction
The dispersive fucntion in SynMatrix360 can be categorized by two states:
• Coupling schemes: Frequency dispersive impacts on Electrical coupling &
Magnetic coupling
• Spurious: Excited unwanted modes trigger the spurious causing the
asymmetrical slopes
The dispersive effect is the primary cause of asymmetrical slopes of the
filter passband [1, 2]. In filter design, the coupling schemes can be classified
as electrical coupling and magnetic coupling. As coupling can be impacted
by the reactance slope due to the frequency dispersion, the passband may
behave an asymmetrical slopes.
SynMatrix360 offers positive and negative value to simulate “asymmetrical”
effect. It can assist computer aided tuning especially for the high dispersive
structure.
3 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion Function
Dispersion Function---Introduction
For the BPF, one definition of the coupling coefficient is defined as
ki ,i 1 J i ,i 1 / bibi 1
Valid for Narrow BW !!
dB ( )
Where: bi 0 i 0
2 d
Tyurnev, V. V., has studied the impact of the frequency dispersion on the coupling
coefficient in tuned wideband filters with a fractional BW of 40% [3] and concludes
that such formula is not valid for bandpass filter with wideband application due to
the frequency dispersive effect[4], such obtained coefficients from above equation
need to be optimized during the tuning process.
4 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion Function
Dispersion Function---Example
f0=1GHz, BW=0.05GHz, RL=25dB.
Two designs with different coupling schemes will prove the different dispersive effect
Electrical Coupling
Magnetic Coupling
I/O coupling : Capacitive plate; I/O coupling : Tab on the resonator;
sequential coupling: Electrical probe sequential coupling: Opening iris
5 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion Function
Dispersion Function---Example
Positive Value
Electrical Coupling Applied dispersion function
Dispersive factor=3.5
Even for the narrow band application, it still can be seen the frequency dispersive effect brings
impactions to the overall performance. In general speaking, positive value in dispersion
function will simulate the filter structure which is dominated by electrical coupling(Capacitive
coupling).
6 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion Function
Dispersion Function---Example
Negative Value
Magnetic Coupling Applied dispersion function
Dispersive factor=-2.5
The positive value in dispersion function will simulate the filter structure with magnetic
coupling(Inductive coupling) dominated. The dispersive value is depended by the design
parameter , such as fractional bandwidth, filter structure (waveguide or re-entrant), coupling
realizations and so on.
7 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion Function
Dispersion Function---Conclusions
Dispersion Value Coupling Scheme Asymmetrical Effect
High side raising up;
Positive Value Electrical
lower side falling down
High side falling up;
Negative Value Magnetic
lower side raising up
Above table summarizes the dispersion function in the practical application. User may figure
out their design requests as well as coupling schemes before applying this function.
Please note that once the dispersion function has been applied, the overall performance
need to be fine tuned in order to compliance with design requests. The aim of this function is
designed for assisting computer aided tuning work.
SynMatrix360 suggests user to generate the coupling matrix in normal way without applying
dispersion function. More details will be addressed in “Computer Aided Tuning Application
Note”
8 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Dispersion and CAT
References
1. Belyaev, B. A. and V. V. Tyurnev, “Frequency-dependent coupling coefficients of microstrip
resonators," Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. SVCh-Tekhnika, No. 4, 24-27, 1992 .
2. Belyaev, B. A. and V. V. Tyurnev, “ Investigation of Frequency De-pendences of Coupling Coe±cients
between Microstrip Resonators,” Krasnoyarsk, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Preprint No. 695F, 1991
3. Tyurnev, V. V., “Influence of the frequency dispersion of resonators' coupling coefficients on the
accuracy of direct-synthesis formulas for microwave filters," J. of Communications Technology and
Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 3, 298-301, 2009.
4. Tyurnev, V. V., “COUPLING COEFFICIENTS OF RESONATORS IN MICROWAVE FILTER THEORY,”
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 21, 47-67, 2010
9 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
Thanks
SynMatrix360 Team
If you have any questions regarding the application or design difficulties,
please send us Email to support@synmatrix360.com . SynMatrix360 team
would like to hear your voices.
10 SynMatrix360----Simplifying Your Design
