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Form (Integration3)

This document provides formulas and properties for integrating various functions. It includes: 1. Standard integration formulas for power, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. 2. Properties of integration such as how to integrate constants and the relationship between definite and indefinite integrals. 3. Additional formulas for integrating rational functions, inverse trigonometric functions, and hyperbolic functions. Common substitutions used in integration are also listed.

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192 views9 pages

Form (Integration3)

This document provides formulas and properties for integrating various functions. It includes: 1. Standard integration formulas for power, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. 2. Properties of integration such as how to integrate constants and the relationship between definite and indefinite integrals. 3. Additional formulas for integrating rational functions, inverse trigonometric functions, and hyperbolic functions. Common substitutions used in integration are also listed.

Uploaded by

api-3724082
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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f ( x) d

[ f ( x) ]
dx
xn nx n −1
sin x cos x
cos x -sin x
tan x sec 2 x
csc x -csc x cot x
sec x sec x tan x
cot x − csc 2 x
ln x 1
x
ex ex
Constant zero
INTEGRATION:

x n +1
∫ x dx = + c, n ≠ −1
n

n +1

cos k x
∫ sin kx dx = − k
+c

sin kx
∫ cos kx dx = k
+c

∫ sec x dx = tan x + c
2

∫ csc xdx = − cot x + c


2

∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + c

∫ csc x cot x dx = − csc x + c


1
∫ x dx = ln x +c

∫e dx = e x + c
x
1
∫ 1− x 2
dx = sin −1 x + c

1
∫1+ x 2
dx = tan −1 x + c

1
∫x x −12
dx = sec −1 x + c

ax
∫ a dx = +c
x

ln a

Standard Results on Integration

1.
d
dx
{∫ f ( x ) dx} = f ( x )

2. ∫ c. f ( x ) dx = c.∫ f ( x ) dx, where c is any constant

3. ∫ [ c f ( x ) ± c . f ( x ) ± ... ± c . f ( x ) ] dx
1 1 2 2 n n

= c1 .∫ f 1 ( x ) dx ± c 2 . ∫ f 2 ( x ) dx ± ... ± c n ∫ f n ( x ) dx.

Where ci , i =1,2...., n are constants.

dx 1  x
. ∫x 2
+a 2
= tan −1   + c
a a

dx 1 x−a
2. ∫x 2
−a 2
=
2a
ln
x+a
+c

dx 1 a+x
3. ∫a 2
−x 2
=
2a
ln
a−x
+c

dx  x
4. ∫ a −x2 2
= sin −1   + c
a
dx
5. ∫ x −a
2 2
= ln x + x 2 − a 2 +c

dx
6. ∫ a +x
2 2
= ln x + x 2 + a 2 + c

x a2  x
7. ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx =
2
a2 − x2 +
2
sin −1   + c
a

x a2
8. ∫ x 2 − a 2 dx =
2
x2 − a2 −
2
ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c

x a2
∫ x +a dx = x +a + ln x + x 2 + a 2 + c
2 2 2 2
9.
2 2

Properties of Definite Integral

b b

1. ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( t ) dt
a a
b a

2. ∫ f ( x ) dx = − ∫ f ( x ) dx
a b
b c b

3. ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx, a < c < b


a a c
a a

4. ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) dx
0 0
b b b

5. ∫ { f ( x ) ± g ( x ) } dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx ± ∫ g ( x ) dx
a a a

Odd Function : A function f(x) is said to be an odd function of x, if


f ( − x) = − f ( x)
Even function : A function f(x) is said to be an even function of x, if
f ( − x) = f ( x)
a  0, f ( x) is an odd function
 a
6. ∫ f ( x ) dx = 2∫ f ( x ) dx, f ( x) is an even function
−a 
 0
INTEGRAL FORMULAS

.
11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.
23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

sech or
30.

csch or
31.

sech
32.

csch 2 u du =-coth u
33.
34. coth 2 u du = u -coth u

35.

36.

37.

sech sech u
38.

csch ucoth u du = -csch u


39.

40.

coth
41.

42.

43.

or
44.
45.

46.

47.

48.

COMMON SUBSTITUTIONS
1.

where

2.

where
3.

where
4.
where
5.

where
6.

where
7.

where
8.

where
9.

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