Ch: The effect of using ICT
Grade 9 1st Term
Prepared by Marwa Khater
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Index
Introduction.
Software Copyright
Viruses and hacking
Effects of ICT on society
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Introduction
ICT has effected our everyday life in many ways:-
Society in general
Companies
Individuals
But ICT has its own problems:-
Copy right.
Security for both companies and individuals.
Health and safety.
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Software Copyright
Software is protected by copyright laws in much the same
way as music CDs, film DVDs and articles from magazines
and books are protected.
Books Film DVD
copyright copyright
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When software is supplied on CD or DVD there are certain
rules that must be obeyed:-
It is not legal to make a software copy and then sell it or
give it away to a friend (e.g. games).
Software cannot be used on a network or used in multiple
computers unless you have the licence for multiple users.
It is not legal to use coding from the copyright software in
your own software.
Renting out a software package without permission to do
so is illegal.
It is illegal to use the name of copyrighted software on
other software without agreement to do so
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Software piracy is the illegal copies of software.
Software company try to prevent illegal copying of
their products by the following methods:-
unique
reference number
Holograms Licence Dongle
Agreements
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Viruses
A virus is a program that replicates (copies) itself and is
designed to cause harm to a computer system.
Virus effects are:-
causing the computer to crash (e.g. Stop responding).
loss of files.
corruption of the data stored on files.
Viruses infect computers through:-
email attachments
illegal software
downloading of files from the internet that are
infected
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How Can a Computer Be Protected from Viruses?
Use up-to-date anti-virus software.
Do not allow illegal software to be loaded onto a computer
and don’t use DVD/CD from unknown sources.
Only download software and files from reputable site.
Use firewalls on networks to protect against viruses.
Anti-virus Firewall
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Hacking
Hacking is the act of gaining access to a computer
system or network without legal authorisation.
WHY?
For the challenge.
For getting valuable data.
Ways of protection against hacking:-
Use of firewalls.
Use of robust passwords and user IDs
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Firewall.
A firewall is a piece of software that is placed
between your computer and the rest of the network
(where the hackers are!)
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Encryption
It makes files
unreadable if accessed
illegally
This technique does
not prevent illegal
access, it only makes
the data useless to
somebody if they don’t
have the necessary
decryption software.
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Homework 1
Gaining access to somebody else’s work without
permission is called hacking
Changing data into a form which makes it difficult
to understand is called encryption
State two ways of preventing your computer from
getting a virus.
Use up to date antivirus.
Use firewall.
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Effects of ICT on society
ICT has affected many aspects of society. This
section is going to look at just a few of these:
The impact on employment
The development of online shopping and banking
Policing of the internet
The use of microprocessors in household appliances.
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Impact on employment
The introduction of ICT has led to
unemployment in many areas such
as:
Manufacturing, (e.g. paint spraying
in a car factory)
Computer-controlled
warehouses, which are automatic
and require no personnel to be present
Labour-intensive work (e.g. in
filing).
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Some new jobs have been
created with the introduction
of ICT. These include:-
writing software
Computer Programmers
Engineers
maintenance of robots and
other ICT equipment
work connected with internet
sites (setting sites up,
maintaining them, etc.). Web designer Systems
Analyst
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The effect of ICT on people:-
The need to be re-trained.
A cleaner working environment.
De-skilling of the workforce.
A safer working environment
fewer manual tasks
The effect of ICT on companies:-
there is no need to employ as many people to do the
tasks
robots do not take holidays
Greater consistency in the products made (e.g. every
car coming off a production line will be identical).
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Home work 2
Robotics are now used in the production of motor cars.
Describe the effects this had on the workers who used to
manually produce cars.
Increased unemployment in some areas such as:-
Manufacturing
Computer-controlled warehouses
Labour-intensive work
Increased employment in areas such as:-
writing software
maintenance of robots and other ICT equipment
work connected with internet sites
Have had to retrain
Cleaner work environment
Safer environment
Less heavy lifting/healthier work
Workers can be deskilled
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Impact of using ICT for online shopping and banking
Online shopping and banking means that more and more
people are staying at home to buy goods and services,
manage their bank accounts and book holidays, etc.
Online shopping effects both People and Companies
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The effects of using online shopping
and banking on people
Advantages
There is no longer a need to travel into the town
centre. (reduce costs and time spent shopping).
Users now have access to a worldwide market. (look
for products that are cheaper.)
Disabled and elderly people can now get access to
shops and banks without the need to leave home.
Shopping and banking is 24/7.
People can spend more time doing other things.
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Disadvantages
There is the possibility of isolation and lack of socializationn.
There are possible health risks.
Security issues, includes:-
Hacking
Viruses
Fraudulent websites
It is necessary to have a computer, Also the telephone line
will be tied up if the user does not have a broadband
connection.
it is not possible to see the goods before buying, take several
days to arrive.
There is a risk of lack of exercise if people do all their
shopping and banking at the computer.
High street shops and banks are closing because of the
increase in online shopping and banking and this is leading
to ‘ghost towns’ forming.
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The effects of using online shopping and banking
on companies
Companies can save costs since fewer staff are
required
The potential customer base is increased (global).
New Costs, because of the need to re-train staff and
the need to employ more staff in dispatch
departments.
New Costs due to the setting up and maintaining of
websites to enable online shopping and banking.
Drop in customer loyalty, which could result in loss of
customers because of the lack of personal service
associated.
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Homework3
Describe how online shopping and banking effects
people and companies.
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Microprocessor-controlled devices in the home
A microprocessor is a small CPU built into a
single 'chip'.
Very powerful microprocessors can be found in PCs
but smaller, less powerful microprocessors can be
found in many everyday devices in our homes.
The devices fall into two categories
Labour-saving Other household
devices
devices /entertainment
Other household
Labour-saving
devices
devices
/entertainment
automatic
Television
washing machines
Microwave Hifis
Ovens fridge/freezers
Central
dishwashers heating
systems
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The advantages and disadvantages of both
types of devices
Advantages Disadvantages
1. They lead to more leisure/free time 1. They can lead to unhealthy diets(e.g.
since the devices can be programmed TV dinners)
to do the tasks. 2. People can tend to become lazy.
2. People have more time to go out and 3. They lead to a more wasteful society:
socialise, and can go out when they devices are thrown away if the
want to. electronics fail, since they are not
3. They are becoming very economic to repair.
sophisticated and can make use of 4. They can be more complex to operate
embedded web technology. for people who are not technology
4. They save energy, since they can literate.
switch off automatically. 5. Leaving devices on standby (such as
5. It is easier to program the devices televisions) leads to a waste of
to do a task rather than having to resources
set timings, dates, etc. manually
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Embedded web technology
Embedded web technology (EWT) is a
relatively new development that uses the
internet in real time to control or interact with a
device in the home or a device which is part of an
industrial application
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Home work 5
There are many microprocessor
controlled devices in the modern home.
Describe the effects of these on people’s
lifestyles.
More time to go out/more free time
People can go out and socialise, and can go out when
they want to
Can lead to unhealthy eating due to dependency on
ready meals
Can lead to laziness/lack of fitness
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Health and safety issues
There are many health and safety problems
associated with regular use of computer systems.
Although health and safety are closely related, they
are very different subjects.
Health issues are related to how to stop people
becoming ill or affected by daily contact with
computers.
Safety is more concerned with the dangers which
could lead to serious injury or even loss of life
Health risk Solution 30
Back and neck •use fully adjustable chairs
Health aspects
problems •use foot rests
• use screens that can be tilted to ensure the neck is at the
correct angle
Repetitive strain •correct angle of arms to the keyboard and mouse
injury • make proper use of a wrist when using a mouse or a keyboard
(RSI) – damage to • take regular breaks and do some exercise
fingers and wrists • use ergonomic keyboards
• use voice-activated software mouse and keyboard
Eyestrain •ensure that there is no screen flicker
•change to LCD screens
•take regular breaks
•make use of anti-glare screens
•have eyes tested regularly
Headaches •use an anti-glare screen
•take regular breaks
•have eyes tested regularly
Ozone irritation •ensure proper ventilation to remove the ozone gas quickly.
caused by laser •house laser printers in a designated printer room
printers •change to other types of printer if necessary (e.g. inkjet
in an office area printers)
Safety hazard Ways of eliminating or minimising hazard
Electrocution •use of a residual circuit breaker (RCB)
• check insulation on wires regularly
• do not allow drinks near computers
• check equipment regularly
Trailing wires (trip hazard) •use cable ducts to make the wires safe
• cover wires and/or have them neatly tucked away (under desks,
etc.)
• try and use wireless connections wherever possible
Heavy equipment falling •use strong desk and tables to support heavy hardware
• use large desks and tables so that hardware isn’t too close to the
edge where it can fall off
Fire risk •don’t cover equipment vents
• make sure hardware is fully maintained
•ensure good ventilation in the room, again to stop overheating
of hardware
•do not overload sockets with too many items
•change to low voltage hardware wherever possible
(e.g. replace CRT monitors with LCD monitors)
