Chapter 15: Impulse and Momentum

When a mass moves with a velocity it generates Momentum.

Momentum is given by mass times velocity, M=mv, where m is
the mass and v is the velocity.
In SI system m is in kg and v is m/s and M is in kg-m/s or N-s
(kg = N-s2/m).
In English system m is in slug (lb-sec2/ft), v is in ft/s and M is
in lb-sec.
Since velocity is a vector quantity Momentum is also a vector
quantity.
 What is Impulse?

An object that is subjected to a force for a very short

time is said to have received an impulse.
Impulse is given by force multiplied by time.
Impulse = Fxt, where F is in N and t is sec and impulse
is N-s.
In English system F is in lb, t is in sec and impulse is lb-
sec.
 Relation between Impulse and Momentum

From Newton’s 2nd law F=ma, where m is the mass

and a is the acceleration.
Acceleration a=v/t, so F=mv/t or Ft=mv.
Ft is the impulse and mv is the momentum.
So the change in momentum of an object is equal to
the impulse applied to the system
 Problem 15-6, 15-11

15-6: A mass of 10 kg has its velocity increased from

3m/s to 15 m/s in a time of 2 seconds. Determine the
force required.
15-11: Determine the force required to bring an 8-ton
truck traveling at 50 mph to rest in 5 seconds. How far
does it travel?
 Conservation of Momentum

A moving object may transfer or lose some of its momentum

to another object.
A fast moving object that strikes and becomes attached to a
slow moving object traveling in the same direction.
The fast moving object exerts a force or impulse on the slow
moving object, thereby speeding it up.
The second object at that instant exerts an equal and
opposite reaction or impulse on the first object, thereby
slowing it down.
 Conservation of Momentum

While each object has experienced a change in velocity and

therefore a change in momentum, the total momentum of
the system remains the same.
This is known as conservation of momentum.
Initial momentum = Final momentum.
(mAvA)1 + (mBvB)1 = (mAvA)2 + (mBvB)2
Where 1 is the initial stage and 2 is the final stage.
Note: This is a vector addition, where direction is very
important.
 Example 15-6

A 4000-lb car (A) and a 3000-lb car (B) collide on glare

ice and remain together. At the time of impact, car A
was travelling east at 50 mph and car B was traveling
north at 30 mph. Determine their resulting velocity
and direction.
 Problem 15-34

A cart on casters weighs 600 N and is traveling in a

straight line at 3 m/s. A mass of 20 kg is dumped onto
the cart with a horizontal velocity of 4 m/s at a right
angle to the cart’s direction. Determine the cart’s final
velocity.
 Sample problem 15-39

Problem 15-39: A plan view of objects A and B is shown in Figure P15-

39. When they collide and remain in contact, the direction of A is
diverted 10o to the left. Determine (a) the mass of B and (b) the resulting
velocity of A and B.
 Outline

• Review of Module 9 – Work and Energy

• Module 10 – Angular Impulse and Momentum
• Angular Impulse and Momentum
• Conservation of Angular Momentum
• Summary of Module 10
• Review: Final Test
 Impulse Momentum

Critical Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of the lesson the students will be able to:

• Apply the conservation of momentum method to

solve for various velocities for both linear and
angular motion.
 Angular Impulse and Momentum

What is angular impulse?

Rotating objects are subject to impulse. Angular impulse is therefore due to a torque.

torque T = Icα where α = ω/t

Therefore T = Ic ω/t
Tt = Ic ω
Where T = torque, in N-m or ft-lb
t = time is seconds
Ic = mass moment of inertia in kg-m2 or slug-ft
ω = angular velocity in rad/sec

Generally, it could be written also as,

TΔt = Ic Δω
Angular Impulse and Momentum

Example 15.3
Angular Impulse and Momentum

Example 15.3
Angular Impulse and Momentum

Example 15.4
Angular Impulse and Momentum

Example 15.4 cont’d

Angular Impulse and Momentum:

Problem
 Angular Impulse and Momentum:

Problem 15-17:
The rotor of an electric motor turns at 1750 rpm,
weighs 150 lb, and has a radius of gyration of 9.5 in.
Determine
a. the angular momentum at 1750 rpm and
b. the torque required to slow the rotor to 800 rpm
in 2 seconds.
 Angular Impulse and Momentum:

Problem 15-18: The pulp and paper machine has a

roller that has a mass of 400 kg and a mass moment
of inertia about its centre of rotation of 30 kg-m2.
How long will it take a torque of 15 N-m to accelerate
the machine from 0.8 to 2.3 revolutions per second?
Conservation of Momentum: Linear

Linear conservation of momentum

 Conservation of Momentum: Angular

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Angular velocities are

still different after they meet.
 Conservation of Momentum: Angular

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Angular velocities are

same after they meet.
Conservation of Momentum

Example 15.7

:
Conservation of Momentum

Example 15.8
Conservation of Momentum:
Example 15.8
Conservation of Momentum:
Example 15-11
 Conservation of Momentum

N.B.: Familiarize yourselves with solving this problem using the other two methods.
Conservation of Momentum:
 Conservation of Momentum:

Problem 15-43: Disk A (Ic = 8 kg-m2), while rotating at 100

rpm, is lowered onto disk B (Ic=10.5 kg-m2 ), causing the latter
to rotate from rest. Assuming no slippage and determine the
angular velocity of B.
 Conservation of Momentum:

Problem 15-44 Wheel A is moved axially to drive wheel B in a friction

drive system. Initially wheel B is rotating at 20 rpm clockwise and wheel
A is rotating at 65 rpm clockwise. Determine the resulting angular
velocity of B if both wheels are freewheeling after A has contacted B.
SUMMARY: Angular Impulse and Momentum
SUMMARY: Angular Impulse and Momentum
 Impulse and Momentum: Angular

Critical Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of the lesson the students will be able to:

Apply the conservation of momentum method to

solve for various velocities for both linear and
angular motion.