Word Equation Symbolic Equation

distance d
speed = v=
time t

(total distance travelled ) d

Average speed = Vav =
(total time taken t

displacement s
velocity = v=
time t

(final velocity - initial velocity) v-u

acceleration = a=
(time taken) t

For freely fallig objects

(final velocity - initial velocity)
Acceleration due to gravity (g) =
(time taken)
v-u
g=
t

weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g

Mass m m
Density = d= or ρ=
Volume v v

Hooke’s Law
F=Kx or F=Ke
Force = spring constant × extension

Newton’s 2nd Law

F = ma
Force = mass × acceleration
 Word Equation Symbolic Equation

Moment = force × perpendicular distance Moment = F x d

Law of conservation of moment

sum of anticlockwise moments = sum of clockwise moments
F1 × d1 = F2 × d2

Momentum = mass × velocity P = mv

Law of conservation of moment

momentum before collision = momentum aftar collision
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2

1
Kinetic energy
2

Potential energy P.E. = mgh

useful energy output

Efficiency = ×100%
total energy input
energy
Efficiency = energyout ×100%
in

Mechanical Work
W=Fxd
Work= Force × parallel distance

Mechanical Power
(work done) (Energy transfer) W
Power =
Power = Power = t
(time taken) (time taken)

force F
Pressure = P=
area A
 Word Equation Symbolic Equation

Pressure in Liquids
p=hρg
P = height ×density×acc.due gravity

Boyle’s Law PV = constant

pressure ×volume=constant P1 × V1 = P2 × V2

V
Charle’s Law = constant
T
volume V1 V2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

P
Pressure Law = constant
T
Pressure P1 P2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

(heat energy) E
Thermal capacity = OR C=
(change in Temp) ∆T
Thermal capacity = mass × sp. Heat capacity C=m×c

Heat energy = mass × specific Heat capacity × change in temperature

E = mc ∆T
 Word Equation Symbolic Equation

heat energy E
sp. Heat capacity = c=
(mass × change in temp) m∆T

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion = Lf

E
(heat energy) Lf =
Lf = m
mass

Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation = Lv

E
(heat energy) Lv =
Lv = m
mass

Wave Equation
v=fxλ
Speed = frequency × wavelength

1
Relationship between frequency & time period f=
T

(2×d)
Speed of echo v=
t

sini
Refractive index n=
sinr

1
Refractive Index for critical angle = n n=
sinc
 Word Equation Symbolic Equation

charge Q
Electric current = I=
time t

Electric charge = current × time Q=It

Ohm’s Law
V=IR
Voltage = current × resistance

Electrical Power
P = VI
Power = voltage × current

Other formulas of electric power V2

P=IR 2
& P=
R

Electrical energy = voltage × current × time E = VIt

Two resistors in series R = R1 + R2

R1 x R2
Two resistors in parallel R=
R1 x R2

1 1 1 1
For three resistors in parallel = + +
R R1 R2 R3

Number of turns on primary coil Primary voltage

=
Number of turns on secondary coil Secondary voltage
NP VP
=
NS VS

Power of primary coil = power of secondary coil VP × IP = VS × IS