7/3/23, 12:41 PM Numpy Array - Complete Tutorial - Jupyter Notebook
Milind Mali / Data Scientist / Data Analyst
Basic operation with NumPy
Numpy- Numerical Python
1.Built in function in numpy array
2.Creating one dimensional array
3.Creating two dimensional array
4.Three dimensional array
5.Higher dimensional array
6.Initial placeholder in numpy array
7.Analysis numpy array
8.Mathematical operation with numpy
9.Array manipulation
10.Numpy Indexing and selection
11.Grabbing single element
12.Broadcasting
13.Slicing
14.Indexing and selection in two dimensional array
15.Indexing in 3D array
16.Condition and selection
Advantage of Numpy Array
Allow several mathematical Operation
faster operations
although array list and tuple all are used to hold the any data but the process time takes for array operation is
comparatively very less
List Vs Numpy Array--> Lets check the time taken
In [2]:
import numpy as np
In [3]:
from time import process_time
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7/3/23, 12:41 PM Numpy Array - Complete Tutorial - Jupyter Notebook
In [26]:
# time taken by list
list1=[i for i in range(10000000)]
start_time=process_time()
list1=[i+10 for i in list1] #adding five to each number
end_time=process_time()
print(end_time-start_time)
1.578125
In [25]:
array1=np.array([i for i in range(10000000)])
start_time=process_time()
array1+=10
end_time=process_time()
print(end_time-start_time)
0.015625
Conclusion :--> required time for operation with array is very less thats why we prefer to array against list or
tuple
In [31]:
list1=[1,2,3,4,5]
print(list1)
print(type(list1))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
<class 'list'>
numeber are seperated by comma
In [32]:
Array1=np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
print(Array1)
print(type(Array1))
[1 2 3 4 5]
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
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7/3/23, 12:41 PM Numpy Array - Complete Tutorial - Jupyter Notebook
number of are not seperated by comma
Built in function in Numpy Array
creating one dimentional array
In [93]:
# arange function
x=np.arange(1,10,2) # from 1 to 10 with step size 2
print(x)
[1 3 5 7 9]
In [94]:
# five random values from zero to one
x=np.random.rand(5)
print(x)
[0.28285425 0.90522102 0.13056326 0.30841338 0.10878923]
this is two dimentional array
In [99]:
list1=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
my_matrix=np.array(list1)
print(my_matrix)
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]]
In [95]:
# 2*3 matrix contain from zero to one
x=np.random.rand(2,3)
print(x)
[[0.03096923 0.81105207 0.32229728]
[0.44511911 0.17732007 0.52159635]]
In [96]:
# random values follows std normal distribution means whose mean is zero and std dev is 1
x=np.random.randn(5)
print(x)
[-0.74418913 0.43635588 -1.75289267 0.05025689 1.4464433 ]
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In [97]:
# random values follows std normal distribution means whose mean is zero and std dev is 1
x=np.random.randn(3,4)
print(x)
[[-0.35284373 1.41559546 1.35191402 0.15987834]
[ 0.82225866 -1.14712803 -0.50553481 0.75719029]
[ 0.368709 -0.45620814 -0.20477501 0.4112788 ]]
In [98]:
#np.random.randint
x=np.random.randint(10,100,(3,4))
print(x)
[[93 25 84 86]
[57 74 44 25]
[97 46 47 29]]
In [40]:
# now create two dimentional array (with defining values at float values)
array2=np.array([(1,2,3,4),(5,6,7,8)],dtype=float)
print(array2)
array2.shape
[[1. 2. 3. 4.]
[5. 6. 7. 8.]]
Out[40]:
(2, 4)
Three dimentional array
In [155]:
arr = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]])
print(arr)
[[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]]
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higher Dimentional arrays
In [160]:
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4], ndmin=5)
print(arr)
print('number of dimensions :', arr.ndim)
[[[[[1 2 3 4]]]]]
number of dimensions : 5
In this array the innermost dimension (5th dim) has 4 elements, the 4th dim has 1 element that is the vector,
the 3rd dim has 1 element that is the matrix with the vector, the 2nd dim has 1 element that is 3D array and
1st dim has 1 element that is a 4D array.
intial placeholder in numpy array
in some cases we want to intiate array with certain values
In [44]:
# create numpy array with all the values are zero
x=np.zeros((4,5))
print(x)
[[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]]
In [45]:
# create numpy array with all the values are one
x=np.ones((4,5))
print(x)
[[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]]
In [46]:
# array of perticular values
x=np.full((4,4),5)
print(x)
[[5 5 5 5]
[5 5 5 5]
[5 5 5 5]
[5 5 5 5]]
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In [48]:
# creating identity matrix- all the diogonal element will be one and rest all the values
x=np.eye(4)
print(x)
[[1. 0. 0. 0.]
[0. 1. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 1. 0.]
[0. 0. 0. 1.]]
In [50]:
# create array with random values
x=np.random.random((3,4))
print(x)
[[0.73860796 0.10178962 0.98704855 0.23459453]
[0.55524451 0.21111667 0.68869849 0.37894866]
[0.61243223 0.1972518 0.38222988 0.44870634]]
all the values you will get here will be in the range of 0 to 1
In [52]:
# create random int values
x=np.random.randint(10,100,(3,4))
print(x)
[[37 47 35 38]
[13 31 94 24]
[75 93 49 38]]
In [54]:
# creating array of evenly spaced values
x=np.linspace(10,30,5)
print(x)
[10. 15. 20. 25. 30.]
In [55]:
# converting list to array
list1=[10,20,30,40,50]
array1=np.asarray(list1)
print(array1)
type(array1)
[10 20 30 40 50]
Out[55]:
numpy.ndarray
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7/3/23, 12:41 PM Numpy Array - Complete Tutorial - Jupyter Notebook
In [56]:
# same operation we do to convert tuple to array--> np.asarray()
Analysing numpy array
In [61]:
# shape
x=np.random.randint(10,99,(4,5))
print(x)
print("Shape of the array:\n ",x.shape)
[[74 11 89 32 93]
[95 25 48 50 75]
[47 52 63 36 52]
[78 39 15 84 37]]
Shape of the array:
(4, 5)
In [62]:
# dimenation of the array
x.ndim
Out[62]:
In [64]:
# number of the element present in the array
x.size
Out[64]:
20
In [65]:
#checking the datatype of the element in the array
x.dtype
Out[65]:
dtype('int32')
In [100]:
myarr=np.random.randint(10,20,10)
print(myarr)
[19 15 19 16 11 18 14 19 16 18]
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7/3/23, 12:41 PM Numpy Array - Complete Tutorial - Jupyter Notebook
In [101]:
myarr.max()
Out[101]:
19
In [102]:
# index location of max value
myarr.argmax()
Out[102]:
In [103]:
myarr.min()
Out[103]:
11
In [104]:
#index location of min value
myarr.argmin()
Out[104]:
Mathematical Opearation with NumPy array
In [66]:
list1=[1,2,3,4,5]
list2=[6,7,8,9,10]
list1+list2 #==> instead of adding this PLus operator will concatenate the two list
Out[66]:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
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In [80]:
a=np.random.randint(10,20,(3,3))
b=np.random.randint(20,30,(3,3))
print(a)
print(b)
[[16 18 11]
[16 18 10]
[15 13 10]]
[[25 29 29]
[20 20 26]
[26 29 27]]
In [81]:
# let do some basic Mathematic Operations
print(a+b) #==> same result could be obtained by np.add(a,b)
[[41 47 40]
[36 38 36]
[41 42 37]]
In [82]:
print(a-b) #==> same result could be obtained by np.substract(a,b)
[[ -9 -11 -18]
[ -4 -2 -16]
[-11 -16 -17]]
In [83]:
print(a*b) #==> same result could be obtained by np.multiply(a,b)
[[400 522 319]
[320 360 260]
[390 377 270]]
In [84]:
print(a/b) #==> same result could be obtained by np.division(a,b)
[[0.64 0.62068966 0.37931034]
[0.8 0.9 0.38461538]
[0.57692308 0.44827586 0.37037037]]
In [135]:
arr=np.arange(0,11)
arr
Out[135]:
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
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In [137]:
arr+arr
Out[137]:
array([ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20])
In [138]:
arr/arr
C:\Users\SSRVC\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_18212\1862401812.py:1: Runtime
Warning: invalid value encountered in true_divide
arr/arr
Out[138]:
array([nan, 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.])
In [139]:
# since there is zero values at first place at both array which make no sence with math p
#in normal python it could be error where as in array function it shows nan values at tha
In [140]:
## there are some universal function also
In [141]:
arr
Out[141]:
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
In [142]:
np.sqrt(arr)
Out[142]:
array([0. , 1. , 1.41421356, 1.73205081, 2. ,
2.23606798, 2.44948974, 2.64575131, 2.82842712, 3. ,
3.16227766])
In [143]:
np.sin(arr)
Out[143]:
array([ 0. , 0.84147098, 0.90929743, 0.14112001, -0.7568025 ,
-0.95892427, -0.2794155 , 0.6569866 , 0.98935825, 0.41211849,
-0.54402111])
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In [144]:
np.log(arr)
C:\Users\SSRVC\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_18212\3120950136.py:1: Runtime
Warning: divide by zero encountered in log
np.log(arr)
Out[144]:
array([ -inf, 0. , 0.69314718, 1.09861229, 1.38629436,
1.60943791, 1.79175947, 1.94591015, 2.07944154, 2.19722458,
2.30258509])
In [145]:
# since log of zero is infinity but still it giving result and infity at its place which
In [146]:
arr
Out[146]:
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
In [147]:
arr.min()
Out[147]:
In [148]:
arr.max()
Out[148]:
10
In [149]:
arr.mean()
Out[149]:
5.0
In [150]:
arr.std()
Out[150]:
3.1622776601683795
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In [151]:
arr.var()
Out[151]:
10.0
In [152]:
arr=np.random.randint(1,10,(5,5))
arr
Out[152]:
array([[1, 9, 4, 2, 2],
[3, 1, 5, 1, 9],
[6, 7, 4, 1, 4],
[9, 6, 3, 3, 9],
[6, 8, 9, 1, 9]])
In [153]:
# summation across the rows
arr.sum(axis=0)
Out[153]:
array([25, 31, 25, 8, 33])
In [154]:
# summation across the column
arr.sum(axis=1)
Out[154]:
array([18, 19, 22, 30, 33])
Array Manipulation
In [87]:
# transpose
array1=np.random.randint(10,20,(2,3))
print(array1)
array1.shape
[[14 12 19]
[11 12 19]]
Out[87]:
(2, 3)
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In [88]:
trans=np.transpose(array1)
print(trans)
trans.shape
[[14 11]
[12 12]
[19 19]]
Out[88]:
(3, 2)
In [90]:
# reshaping array
a=np.random.randint(10,30,(2,3))
print(a)
print(a.shape)
[[15 23 18]
[25 18 13]]
(2, 3)
In [91]:
b=a.reshape(3,2)
print(b)
print(b.shape)
[[15 23]
[18 25]
[18 13]]
(3, 2)
Numpy Indexing and selection
Grabbing single element
Grabbing a slice of element
Brodcasting selection
Indexing and selection in two dimentions
Condition Selection
Grabbing single element
In [105]:
myarr=np.arange(0,11)
print(myarr)
[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]
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In [106]:
myarr[3]
Out[106]:
In [107]:
myarr[3:5] #==> five is excluding
Out[107]:
array([3, 4])
In [108]:
myarr[:5]
Out[108]:
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
In [109]:
myarr[5:]
Out[109]:
array([ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
Brodcasting
In [110]:
myarr
Out[110]:
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
In [111]:
# it means you can reassign multiple values simultaneously
myarr[0:5]=100
In [112]:
myarr
Out[112]:
array([100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
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In [113]:
arr=np.arange(0,11)
arr
Out[113]:
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
slicing
In [114]:
# slicing section of array and setting it to new variable
In [115]:
arr
Out[115]:
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
In [116]:
slice_of_array=arr[0:5]
slice_of_array
Out[116]:
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
In [117]:
slice_of_array[:]=99
slice_of_array
Out[117]:
array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99])
In [118]:
arr
Out[118]:
array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
In [119]:
# so here it affect to its original array in order to not happen it we can do the copy of
In [120]:
arr_copy=arr.copy()
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In [121]:
arr_copy[:]=100
In [122]:
arr_copy
Out[122]:
array([100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100])
In [123]:
arr
Out[123]:
array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
slicing 2D array
In [159]:
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]])
print(arr[1, 1:4])
[7 8 9]
negative slicing
In [158]:
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
print(arr[-3:-1])
[5 6]
indexing and selection in two dimentional array
In [124]:
arr_2d=np.random.randint(10,99,(3,3))
arr_2d
Out[124]:
array([[29, 93, 17],
[52, 78, 60],
[70, 19, 97]])
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In [125]:
arr_2d.shape
Out[125]:
(3, 3)
In [126]:
# to grab first row
arr_2d[0]
Out[126]:
array([29, 93, 17])
In [127]:
# to grab third element in the first row which is 41
arr_2d[0][2]
Out[127]:
17
In [128]:
# to get some slice or subsection of matrix
arr_2d
Out[128]:
array([[29, 93, 17],
[52, 78, 60],
[70, 19, 97]])
In [129]:
arr_2d[:2,1:]
Out[129]:
array([[93, 17],
[78, 60]])
In [156]:
arr = np.array([[1,2,3,4,5], [6,7,8,9,10]])
print('2nd element on 1st row: ', arr[0, 1])
2nd element on 1st row: 2
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Indexing in 3D array
In [157]:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]])
print(arr[0, 1, 2])
Condition and selection
In [130]:
arr=np.arange(0,11)
arr
Out[130]:
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
In [131]:
arr>4
Out[131]:
array([False, False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True,
True, True])
In [132]:
bool_arr=arr>4
In [133]:
arr[bool_arr] #==> filtering
Out[133]:
array([ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
In [134]:
# same result can be obtained by following code
arr[arr>4]
Out[134]:
array([ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
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In [163]:
print("="*100)
==========================================================================
==========================
In [ ]:
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