Low Level Design
Like Tinder for your coding life,
But here, swipe right to get a
guranteed match ! 3 Months
rd
Solid
Principles
th
5 Months
st
1 Months Interview
Questions
OOPs
Concepts
Design
Patterns
th
4 Months
UML Basics &
Diagrams
nd
2 Months
Step 1
OOPS Concepts
Overview:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming
paradigm based on the concept of classes, objects and
their interactions. Learn OOPS concepts in detail in your
preferred programming language such as C++, Java, Python,
etc.
Key Concepts
Classes and Objects: Classes define the blueprint for
objects, which are instances of classes
Inheritance: It allows a class to inherit properties and
methods from another class, promoting code reuse
Encapsulation: Encapsulation hides the internal details
of an object and exposes a controlled interface
Abstraction: Abstraction focuses on defining a simplified
representation of an object, hiding complex
implementation details.
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Polymorphism: It enables objects to take on multiple forms,
often achieved through method overriding and interfaces.
Resources
https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_oop.as
https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_oop.as
https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/object-oriented-
programming-in-python/
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Step 2
UML Basics and Diagrams
Overview:
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose
visual modeling language that is intended to provide a
standard way to visualize the design of a system.
Understand UML and types of diagrams used for
visualization.
Key Concepts
Use Case Diagram: Used to describe a set of user
scenarios, this diagram, illustrates the functionality
provided by the system
Class Diagram: Used to describe structure and
behaviour in the use cases, this diagram provides a
conceptual model of the system in terms of entities and
their relationships.
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Activity Diagram: Used to model the functional flow-of-
control between two or more class objects
Sequence Diagram: Used to describe interactions
among classes in terms of an exchange of messages
over time.
Further Reading
https://github.com/tssovi/grokking-the-object-oriented-
design-interview/tree/master/object-oriented-design-
and-uml
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Step 3
SOLID Principles
Overview:
SOLID is an acronym for five design principles intended to
make object-oriented designs more understandable,
flexible, and maintainable. Learn and understand SOLID
principles along with examples.
Key Principles
Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): A class should have
only one reason to change
Open/Closed Principle (OCP): Software entities (classes,
modules) should be open for extension but closed for
modification
Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Subtypes must be
substitutable for their base types without altering the
correctness of the program.
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Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Clients should not
be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use
Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): High-level
modules should not depend on low-level modules; both
should depend on abstractions.
Resources
https://www.oodesign.com/design-principle
https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/solid-principles-
explained-in-plain-english/
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Step 4
Design Patterns
Overview:
Design patterns are typical solutions to common problems
in software design. Each pattern is like a blueprint that you
can customize to solve a particular design problem in your
code. Learn and understand important design patterns
along with examples.
Key Patterns
Singleton Pattern: Ensures a class has only one instance
and provides a global point of access
Factory Method Pattern: Defines an interface for
creating objects but allows subclasses to alter the type
of objects created
Adapter Pattern: Adapter pattern allows objects with
incompatible interfaces to work together.
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Observer Pattern: Defines a one-to-many dependency
between objects, ensuring changes in one object trigger
updates in others
Strategy Pattern: Defines a family of algorithms,
encapsulates them, and makes them interchangeable.
Some other important design patterns
Abstract Factor
Builde
Decorato
Facad
Comman
Iterator.
Best Resource:
https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns
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Step 5
Interview Questions
Overview:
Practice is the key to master LLD for interviews. This
includes solving commonly asked design problems, along
with their diagrams and code.
Standard Problems
Design a Parking Lot.
Design a Two-player game like Chess, Carrom or
TicTacToe
Design a Library Management System
Design a Hotel Management System
Design an Elevator System
Design a Ticket Booking System like BookMyShow
Design an ATM.
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Some other important problems:
BlackJack Game, Caching Library, Rate Limiter, Online E-
commerce Platform like Amazon, Online Social Media App
like Facebook, Stack Overflow, Ride-sharing App like Uber,
Stock-trading App like Zerodha.
Best Resource:
https://github.com/tssovi/grokking-the-object-oriented-
design-interview/tree/master/object-oriented-design-
case-studies
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