Problem 3

The concentration of salt x in a home made soap maker is given as a function of time by
dx
 37.5 - 3.5x
dt

At the initial time, t = 0 , the salt concentration in the tank is 50 g/L Using Euler and Runge-Kutta
4th order methods, what is the salt concentration after 3 minutes?

Assume a step size of h  0.5 minutes

Course:
Course: Modeling, Process Modeling
Simulation and Simulation
and Optimization | Lecture:
for Chemical Process Modeling
Engineering
= 37 5 3 5x
-

. .

37 5 5x
((t x) 3
-

= .
.
,

The Euler's method reduces to

X x
f(ti xi)k
= +

+ +
1 , ,

For i =
0 , t
=
0 , 4 =
50
* =

xo+ f (to Xolk .

=
50 +

f(0 ,
50)0 5 .

=
50 +
137 5 .
-
3 5(50))0 5
. .

= 50 +
( 137 5)0 5
-

.
.

=
-
18 75 .

X is the
approximate concentration
of salt at :
It =
+
,
=
t +h
=
0 +
0 5 .
=
0 5 min
.

x (0 5) .
=
x
,
= -

18 .

75g/L
For i 1 05 -18 75
t X =
=

= . .
, , ,

X x + 11t x , )h
=

, ,

= 18 75 .
+

810 5 .
,
-18 75) 0 5
. .

=
-
18 75 .
+ (37 5 .
-
3 5) 18 75)) 0 5
.
-

. .

=
-

18 75 .
+
51 5625 .

=
32 .
8125g/1
X
2
is the
approximate concentration
of salt at :
 05
T +2 +2+ h 0 5 1 min
= = + =

= . .

. . .

For i= 3 t - 25 X 1 3916
5
. = .

S
5
I

X =

x5
+

flt5,x, )h

1 3916 + 3916/0 5
8/2 5
= +
. . .
.
,

= 1 3916
, + (37 5 - 3 5(1 3916))0 5
. . .
.

=
1 3916 . + 16 3147 .

17
7063g/2
=

X
6
is the
approximate concentration
of salt at :

T h 25 0 5 3
+
5 min
= + = + =

= . .

Ruege -
Kutta 4t order method :

x
z(k 2k2 2k3 (4)
=

x
+ +
+ +
,

Where :

Ke =
Gf(xo to ,

k =

hy[(t + ) , (x + ]

k =

hf[(+o 2) +

, (x +

+2)]
kx =
kf[(+ +
h) , (x +

ky))

Given that :
:
37 5-3 5x . .

Initially at + 0
50g/L
=
:

= x
,

Step size += 0 5 min =Sh= 0 5

. .
 For + 05 x(1 x101
1(k 2k2 2k (4)
: =
+ +
+ +
,
=
.

k = 0 5 x(37 5
. .
-
3 .
5x50) = -
68 75 .

k =
0 .

5x(37 5 .
-
3 .
5 x/
-

675 50)) +
-

=
8 59375
.

k 0
5 x/37 5 3 5x) 9375
50)7 61 23047
-
- -
= =
+
. .
. .

" =
0 .

5x(37 5 .
-

3 5 x) 61 23047
.
-

.
+

501] =
38 4033225 .

= x(t) 50
f(k 2k2 2k3 (4)
= + +
+ +
,

=
21 66748
.

g/L after 0 5 min .

Fort 1 x (21 x(11

1(k 2k2 2k (4)
: =
+ + +
+

,
:

k = 0 5 x(37 5
. .
-
3 .
5x21 66748) . =- 19 16809
.

k =
0 .

5x(37 5 .
-
3 .

5x(180 +
21 .

664487 =
-
2 396
.

k =
0 .

5 x/37 5 .
-
3 .
5x) 9
- +
21 .

66448)7 =- 17 07159
.

" =
0 .

5x(37 5 .
-

3 5 x) 17 07155 21
.
-

.
+
.

667481) =
10 7071925 .

= xx2) 21 66748
1/k 2k2 2k3 (4)
= + +
+ +
.
,

- ...

x(67
For t 3 x (5)
1/k 2k2 2k3 (4)
= : + +
+ +
=

k =

hf(x5 , to

k =

hy[(t 4) +

,
(x + 1)

ky =

hy[(+ 2) +

,
(x +

22)]
 kx =
kf[(+ +
h) , (x +

ky))

=) x(6) 3 minutes
= ...

after