MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
FIJI YEAR 13 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2018
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
Time Allowed: 3 hours
(An extra 10 minutes is allowed for reading this paper)
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write your Index Number on the front page and inside the back flap of the Answer Booklet.
2. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided.
3. If you use extra sheets of paper, be sure to show clearly the question number(s) being answered
and to tie each sheet in your Answer Booklet at the appropriate places. Ensure that your Index
Number is written on the extra sheets.
4. Answer all the questions with a blue or black ballpoint or ink pen. Do not use red ink pen. You
may use a pencil only for drawing.
5. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable.
6. There are three sections in the paper. Sections A and B are compulsory.
Note the options in Section C.
SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS
SECTION QUESTION TYPE MARK SUGGESTED
TIME
A There are twenty multiple-choice questions. 20 36 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
B There are six short answer questions. 60 108 minutes
All the questions are compulsory.
C There are five essay questions. 20 36 minutes
Answer any two questions.
TOTAL 100 180 minutes
COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2018.
2.
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS [20 marks]
The multiple-choice questions in this section are all compulsory.
Each question is worth 1 mark.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. In your Answer Booklet, circle the letter which represents the best answer. If you
change your mind, put a line through your first choice and circle the letter of
your next choice.
For example: 8 A B C D
2. If you change your mind again and like your first answer better, put a line through
your second circle and tick () your first answer.
For example: 8 A B C D
3. No mark will be given if you circle more than one letter for a question.
1. Which of the following agriculture commodities is considered the top exported
product of Fiji?
A. Taro
B. Ginger
C. Yaqona
D. Pawpaw
2. The term that refers to the official lowering of the worth of one country’s currency is
A. duty.
B. subsidy.
C. devaluation.
D. balance of trade.
3. Which of the following is an environmental benefit of green economy?
A. Increased Gross Domestic Product
B. Effective use of natural resources
C. Improved quality of life
D. Reduced inequality
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
3.
4. The movement of the piston from one dead centre to another is called a
A. stroke.
B. rotation.
C. revolution.
D. combustion.
5. The function of the spark plug in an engine is to
A. spray fuel.
B. remove burnt gases.
C. ignite the fuel and air mixture.
D. connect the piston to the crankshaft.
6. The short term goal of a commercial farmer is to
A. increase the herd size of the farm.
B. maximise production cost.
C. buy a combine harvester.
D. maximise profit.
7. Cash on hand, fertilizer, crops and livestock for sale are items that are usually
used within a year and are known as
A. non-current liabilities.
B. non-current assets.
C. current liabilities.
D. current assets.
8. The farmer wanted to apply for a loan from the Fiji Development Bank to extend
the farm size and was required to produce a statement on the worth of the farm business
by 30th March, 2018. The farmer is going to produce a statement of the farm’s
A. balance sheet.
B. cash flow budget.
C. income statement.
D. net worth statement.
Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
4.
9. The soil water that facilitates the uptake of nutrients by plant roots in the soil is
A. adhesion water.
B. cohesion water.
C. gravitational water.
D. hygroscopic water.
10. The nutritional deficiencies in soil can be identified by
A. plant analysis and soil testing.
B. soil testing and the study of soil colour.
C. plant testing and the study of soil colour.
D. plant analysis and the study of soil formation.
11. The pH of an alkaline soil does not change when the recommended amount of
gypsum is applied so is described as having a high rate of
A. porosity.
B. turgidity.
C. buffering.
D. productivity.
12. The plant breeding method that produces superior characteristics in plants
is
A. inbreeding.
B. outbreeding.
C. line breeding.
D. cross breeding.
13. Which of the following statements is an advantage of urban agriculture?
A. Lack of security of tenure
B. Contributes to food security
C. Legal restrictions and economic impediments
D. Spread of diseases due to usage of waste water
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
5.
14. The best method of organic farming recommended for households with limited
space to grow vegetables at home is
A. permaculture.
B. vertical farming.
C. compost farming.
D. horizontal farming.
15. The major province that produces kumala in Fiji is
A. Ba.
B. Ra.
C. Tailevu.
D. Cakaudrove.
16. Vegetables grown in a backyard garden will also grow well as a container-grown
plant. Which of the following fruit vegetables are recommended for large containers
in organic container gardening?
A. Okra
B. Herbs
C. Lettuce
D. Cabbage
17. Which of the following ecosystems is referred to as the rainforests of the sea?
A. Ocean
B. Estuaries
C. Coral reefs
D. Intertidal zone
18. Tilapia fish were introduced at the Nacocolevu Agriculture Research Station in
1954 mainly to supplement
A. weed control.
B. protein for pigs.
C. pond maintenance.
D. breeding purposes.
Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
6.
19. Which of the following statements is a disadvantage of raising fish in open net pens?
A. Extra feed can be supplied
B. Water is kept fresh by the current
C. Waste is washed away by the current
D. Waste from the fish pollutes wild habitats
20. The solution to solving the problem of aquatic organisms not adapting to the local
environment is to
A. strict size limit of harvested organisms.
B. conduct community awareness.
C. fence the area securely.
D. practice crossbreeding.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [60 marks]
The six questions in this section are all compulsory.
Each question is worth 10 marks.
QUESTION 1 (10 marks)
(a) Explain one way in which crop scheduling could improve trading in Fiji. (2 marks)
(b) State one way in which food security could be achieved. (1 mark)
(c) Justify one reason why countries in the world are taking the initiative in
focusing on the green revolution. (2 marks)
(d) Describe the role of the World Trade Organisation in securing markets
for Fiji. (2 marks)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
7.
(e) The illustration below shows a type of renewable energy used for providing
power to an irrigation system.
Source: http//www.pluginindia.com/uploads/1/1/8/5/ org.
Identify the type of renewable energy shown above. (1 mark)
(f) State one reason why rice is Fiji’s highest imported agricultural commodity. (1 mark)
(g) The diagram below illustrates the internal combustion engine.
Source: Agricultural Science Year 13 Textbook, Ministry of Education, 2018
Describe the function of the part labelled X. (1 mark)
Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
8.
SECTION B (continued)
QUESTION 2 (10 marks)
(a) Explain one reason why tractor maintenance is important. (2 marks)
(b) Differentiate between a spark ignition engine and a compression ignition
engine in relation to the size of the engine. (2 marks)
(c) State the function of the radiator in the cooling system of an engine. (1 mark)
(d) A farmer purchased a tractor which had useful life of 10 years for $75,000.00.
The residual value is $5,000.00 and the rate of depreciation is 10%.
Using the Reducing Balance Method calculate the depreciation for the tractor
for the 2nd year and the 3rd year.
Net Value Residual Rate Depreciation
$ Value $ % $
Year 1 75,000.00 5,000.00 10 7,000.00
Year 2 68,000.00 5,000.00 10 (i)
Year 3 (ii) 5,000.00 10 (iii)
(3 marks)
(e) Describe one cause of depreciation of farm implements. (1 mark)
(f) Name one type of inventory kept on the farm. (1 mark)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
9.
QUESTION 3 (10 marks)
(a) State one importance of keeping labour records. (1 mark)
(b) State one importance of having labourers on the farm. (1 mark)
(c) Explain one importance of preparing a cash flow plan. (2 marks)
(d) The illustration below shows the relationship of cations and anions on the clay
surface.
Source: Agricultural Science Year 13 Textbook, Ministry of Education, 2018
Describe one feature of the relationship between cations and clay micelles
as represented in the illustration above. (2 marks)
(e) List one way in which ions are supplied to the ion pool in the soil solution. (1 mark)
(f) State one importance of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) in soil management. (1 mark)
(g) Distinguish between nutrient deficiency and nutrient toxicity in
relation to availability of nutrients. (2 marks)
Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
10.
SECTION B (continued)
QUESTION 4 (10 marks)
(a) Describe one symptom of nitrogen deficiency in plants. (1 mark)
(b) The illustration below shows soil moisture potential.
Source: Agricultural Science Year 13 Textbook, Ministry of Education, 2018
Study the graph and explain why sandy soil will be the first to require
irrigation in a short drought. (2 marks)
(c) Explain one reason why outbreeding results in an increase in the number of
heterozygous offspring produced. (2 marks)
(d) Explain one advantage of permaculture. (2 marks)
(e) Discuss the three steps in preparing a soil medium for container gardening in
school. (3 marks)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
11.
QUESTION 5 (10 marks)
(a) State one importance of plant breeding. (1 mark)
(b) Bamboo, pandanus, paper mulberry and heart of palm are identified as potential
crops. Define the term potential crops. (1 mark)
(c) A student decides to use a container to plant lettuce in. The student was advised
to construct drainage holes 2.5cm from the bottom of the container as
illustrated in the diagram below.
Container
Drainage Hole
2.5cm
Explain the purpose of constructing the drainage hole 2.5cm from the bottom of
the container. (2 marks)
(d) Select one crop that you have studied and explain one potential use of
the product produced. (2 marks)
(e) Name an aromatic plant that is used to control pest and diseases in organic
container gardening. (1 mark)
(f) An aquatic farmer noticed that the aquatic organisms raised on the farm were
light and small. Discuss how the farmer can improve the quality of the aquatic
organism produced from the farm. (3 marks)
Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
12.
SECTION B (continued)
QUESTION 6 (10 marks)
(a) State one disadvantage of roof gardening. (1 mark)
(b) Explain one need for commercial aquaculture. (2 marks)
(c) Distinguish between a pond and a river in relation to water flow in a fresh
water ecosystem. (2 marks)
(d) State one reason why grass carp was introduced to Fiji. (1 mark)
(e) Describe one way in which water quantity and quality is maintained in an
intensive system of aquaculture. (1 mark)
(f) Fiji is surrounded with a diversified ecosystem and has potential resources in our
rivers and seas. Select a potential livestock that you have studied and
(i) describe when it is ready to be harvested (1 mark)
(ii) state one importance of the selected livestock (1 mark)
(g) State one basic requirement of aquatic organisms. (1 mark)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
13.
SECTION C ESSAY QUESTIONS [20 marks]
There are five essay questions in this section. Answer any two questions. Write an essay
of approximately 180-200 words to answer each question.
Please note that the allocation of marks for the content has been included for each question
and 1 mark is allocated to the structure of the essay. Each question is worth 10 marks.
In this section, you are given an opportunity to show that you can:
(i) select ideas relevant to the topic;
(ii) use appropriate examples; and
(iii) communicate information clearly and logically.
QUESTION 1
Import and export trade play important roles in the development of the economy
of Fiji.
With reference to the above statement, discuss three ways in which the following issues
impact international trade
transportation (3 marks)
guidance and regulations (3 marks)
consumer behaviour (3 marks)
QUESTION 2
Maintaining farm machinery is vital to farm mechanisation.
With reference to the above statement, discuss three
factors that affect the function of machines and their effects (3 marks)
methods of ensuring machines are protected from the factors identified in
paragraph 1 (3 marks)
regular maintenance procedures needed for the engine oil system (3 marks)
Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
14.
SECTION C (continued)
QUESTION 3
Soil pH contributes to the growth and performance of crops.
With reference to the above statement, discuss three
sources of soil acidity (3 marks)
effects of soil acidity on plant growth (3 marks)
methods of managing soil acidity (3 marks)
QUESTION 4
The 2018 International Day of Forest was celebrated on the 21st of March
and the theme was Lets’ make our cities greener, healthier, happier places to live.
With reference to the above statement, discuss three
ways in which we can make our cities greener (3 marks)
Government roles in supporting the Go Green Concept (3 marks)
benefits of the Go Green Concept in terms of sustainability (3 marks)
QUESTION 5
Planning is one of the most important processes in running a business.
With reference to the above statement, discuss three
importance of a business plan (3 marks)
components of a business plan (3 marks)
reasons why a business plan is written (3 marks)
THE END
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COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2018.
