The Impact of Pornography on Muslim Youth in the USA

The Impact of Pornography on Muslim

Youth in the USA

International Open University

Shameo Sufian
ST10031652
Prof. Raufu, M.O

[July/2023]

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The Impact of Pornography on Muslim Youth in the USA

Table of Content

Chapter 1- INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background / significance of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Aims and Objectives
1.4 Research Questions

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Study Area

Chapter 4- Method of Data Collection

Chapter 5-Originality and significance

Chapter 6: Data Analysis

6.1. Data Preparation
6.2 Data Cleaning
6.3 Transformation of the Data
6.4 Data Convergence
6.5 Recapitulation
6.6 Analytical Strategy

Chapter 7: Discussions
Chapter 8: Cognitive Theory
8.1 A comprehensive look at cognitive biases and their effects
8.2 An examination of the intersection between a skewed body image and
cultural norms
8.3 Perceptions of Consent in distorted lens
8.4 Implications of distorted consent
8.5 Inability to Express Sexual Desires and Boundaries
8.6 Clashing Cultural and Religious Norms
8.7 Exacerbation of Cognitive Dissonance
8.8 Impaired Self-Concept
8.9 Sexual Self-Concept
8.10 Damage to Faith
8.11 Cognitive dissonance
8.12 Disconnection from the Divine
8.13 Strategies to Restore Damaged Faith
8.14 Encouraging Open Dialogue

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Chapter 9. Effect on Social Relationships
9.1 Distorted Perception of Intimacy
9.2 Absence of an Emotional Connection
9.3 Unrealistic Expectations
9.4 Erosion of Trust
9.5 Isolation
9.6 Implications for Potential Future Marriages and Relationships

Chapter 10. Empirical Framework

10.1 Effects on Mental Health
10.2 Effects on Body Image and Sexual Performance Expectations
10.3 Effects on Perceptions of Consent
10.4 Impact on life satisfactions

Chapter 11. History of Pornography

Chapter 12. Pornography among the Youths
Chapter 13. Islamic View on Pornography

The Impact of Pornography on Muslim

Youth in the USA

Introduction

The impact of pornography on Muslim youth in the USA is often overlooked or even

ignored. Despite this, there is a need for attention to be paid to this problem as a

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The Impact of Pornography on Muslim Youth in the USA
result of the widespread availability of pornographic content that is now easily

available on the internet. In spite of the fact that it is fraught with controversy, it is

essential to acknowledge the influence that pornography can have on the ideas that

Muslim children and teenagers have about sexuality and romantic partnerships. The

Islamic faith takes a strident stance against everything that is associated with sexual

immorality and extramarital behaviours, which is in direct opposition to the messages

that are communicated through pornographic content. Due to the disconnect that

exists between religious teachings and the content of the internet, young Muslims

living in the United States are exposed to concepts that their faith-based beliefs may

not necessarily supported. As a result, additional investigation into the ways in which

pornography influences the morals and practices of sexual health held by young

Muslim adults are required as part of academic research.

1.1 Background / significance of the study

A significant rise in the availability of pornography over the course of

the last several decades has had an effect on the Muslim children and

adolescents living in the United States. We will analyse the possibility for

addiction to pornography, as well as the potential for it to change young

people's views on sexuality. In doing so, we will investigate the many ways

in which pornography has an effect on young Muslims. In addition to this,

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The Impact of Pornography on Muslim Youth in the USA
this will investigate the ways in which these impacts vary across other

demographic categories, such as gender and age. The influence that pornography has

on Muslim children and teenagers in the United States is a significant but

little-studied phenomena. Pornography has been connected to a number of problems

relating to mental health, including addiction, and it has the potential to have

disastrous repercussions on both people and the communities in which they live. The

goal of this research is to investigate the distinct influence that pornography is having

on Muslim children in the United States, focusing on both the prevalence of this kind

of the media and the possible repercussions it may have.

1.2 Statement of the problem

An addiction to pornography is characterised by a compulsive urge to consume

pornographic materials despite the risk of doing so, as well as the disruption that this

behaviour may cause in personal relationships and in the workplace. Dependent on

the specifics of each individual's life, the reasons why someone develops a

dependency on pornographic media might be quite different. The development of an

addiction to pornography may be influenced by a number of different elements,

which researchers have found. To begin, there are a number of psychological factors

that have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing an addiction to

pornography. Impulsivity, poor self-esteem, anxiety, sadness, and interpersonal

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connections that aren't fulfilling are some of the conditions that fall into this category.

The ease with which one may get pornographic content online is a second aspect that

has been highlighted as playing a key role in the development of a porn addiction.

When compared to conventional forms of media like magazines or movies, the

convenience and accessibility of online information is enhanced by the fact that it can

be accessed at any time, day or night, just by clicking a button.As a result of the

proliferation of new technologies that enable users to view explicit content on any

device so long as it has an internet connection, pornography has become more easily

accessible in the 21st century. This has occurred as a direct result of the rise of the

internet as a communication medium. Sadly, this suggests that Muslim children and

adolescents in the United States are not immune to the negative effects that may be

caused by pornography. A lot of recent studies have come to the conclusion that an

addiction to pornography is a very serious problem that a considerable proportion of

today's young people face, and it may have terrible impacts on their lives.

Pornography may lead to more confusion and damage for young Muslims, who may

already be prone to emotions of guilt or shame as they attempt to follow their

religion. This is especially true for those who are exposed to it at a young age.

Pornography may also be harmful to young Muslim adults who are already struggling

to find a balance between their religion and the culture of the United States. Studies

have shown that extended exposure to pornographic photographs and videos may

desensitise viewers, leading them to seek out more extreme material in order to get

the same level of enjoyment. This phenomenon is known as "reward seeking." If this

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is allowed to go unchecked, it may in some situations develop into psychological

issues such as melancholy or worry if it is not treated. If this continues, it may also

lead to other difficulties if it is not handled. an expansion of the available services to

young Muslim adults living in the United States. Additional research is needed to

determine the precise impact that pornography has on the development of Muslim

youngsters. A greater amount of aid should also be made available to Muslim

children living in the United States who are suffering with an addiction to

pornography or the consequences of having an addiction to pornography.

1.3 Aims and Objectives

The study of the consequences of pornography is a necessary step in comprehending

the way in which this medium influences both people and society. The purpose of this

research is to investigate a variety of issues that are connected to the subject at hand.

Specifically, the investigation will investigate the ways in which pornography can

lead to addiction and other psychological issues, as well as the ways in which it can

influence social behaviour. The fundamental purpose of this research is to determine

the degree to which individuals are influenced by watching pornography and how it

affects the behaviours that they engage in as a result of that exposure. It seeks to

uncover any possible hazards that may be involved with watching such information,

especially in terms of the addiction and psychological harm that may be created by

extended exposure to the content. In addition, the influence that pornography has on

social behaviours such as interpersonal relationships and sexual practices will be

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investigated as part of this study project.In the end, the purpose of the research is to

give a clearer knowledge of the repercussions connected with watching pornographic

materials in order to facilitate the taking of preventive steps against possible damages

that may result from excessive consumption.

1.4 Research Questions

What are the perspectives of Muslim teenagers in the United States with regard to

pornography, and how do these opinions contrast with those of youth who are not

Muslim?

In the United States, young Muslims and non-Muslims have very different patterns of

pornographic media consumption. What factors might explain these differences?

What are the potential negative effects that viewing pornographic material can have

on Muslim teenagers in the United States, and how do these consequences relate to

those experienced by non-Muslim young people?

What religious and cultural factors play a role in shaping the way that Muslim

teenagers in the United States react to pornography, and how they perceive it?

Is there a correlation between the viewing of pornographic media and the sexual

behaviour of adolescent Muslims in the United States, and if so, how does this

compare to the sexual behaviour of non-Muslim adolescents?

Which potential precautions can assist Muslim adolescents living in the United States
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in avoiding or at least limiting the harmful effects of pornography, and how can this

be accomplished?

How does the monitoring and communication of parents affect the pornographic

viewing habits of Muslim children living in the United States?

Is there a connection between the use of pornography and the mental health results of

adolescent Muslims living in the United States, and if so, how does this compare to

the mental health outcomes of adolescent non-Muslims?

Chapter 2

2. Review Of Literature

The enormous negative effects that pornography has on young people and children

have been extensively researched and demonstrated in recent studies and published

research. Addiction to pornography is a very serious problem that may have

potentially disastrous effects on individuals who struggle with it. It has been shown

that being exposed to pornography at an early age may result in low self-esteem,

concerns with body image, skewed perceptions of relationships, and an increased

possibility of engaging in unsafe sexual activities. For instance, a study that was

carried out at Brigham Young University revealed that adolescents who participated

in viewing pornographic materials reported higher levels of risky sexual activities

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compared to those who had not viewed such material. This was in comparison to

adolescents who had not viewed such material. Another research came to a similar

conclusion, reporting that teenagers who participated in internet pornography

demonstrated considerably more risky conduct than their counterparts who were not

exposed to such materials.

In addition, studies have shown that extended exposure to pornography may result in

an increase in violent conduct against women and other vulnerable persons. This can

be especially dangerous for young males.

(Setyawati, Hartini, & Suryanto, 2020).

The American College of Pediatricians urges healthcare professionals to

communicate the risks of pornography use to patients and their families and to offer

resources both to protect children from viewing pornography and to treat individuals

who are suffering from the negative effects of pornography. These recommendations

can be found in a recent statement issued by the American College of Pediatricians.

Pornography is described as "the representation of erotic activity (sexual exhibition in

images or text) that is meant to create sexual excitation" in the spectator. This

definition can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary. There has been a
significant

growth in the quantity of pornographic content that is accessible to both adults and

children over the course of the previous decade. Because it is easily available,

inexpensive, and anonymous, the usage of mainstream pornography has become

more prevalent. Because it is just a few of clicks away on the internet, anybody can

get their hands on it. It is inexpensive because of the abundance of internet sites that

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provide free pornography in an effort to attract visitors to their websites. Other

websites only upload videos that were created by a third party and do not charge the

user for the web traffic they generate. It is possible to see it in the privacy of one's

own home, which contributes to its anonymity. There is no longer a need for a trip to

an adult bookstore or the adult theatre in the neighbourhood.

According to an estimate provided by an Internet filtering service called Covenant

Eyes, the total revenue generated by the pornography industry in the United States in

2012 was somewhere in the neighbourhood of $8 billion. However, the precise

amount of revenue that the industry generates in this country is unknown.

It is estimated that income has decreased by fifty percent since 2007,although this fall

is probably related to the availability of more free internet pornography and not to a

general decline in the consumption of pornography. According to research conducted

by Hitwise, an Internet and marketing company, there were 40,634 websites

throughout the world that offered pornography in 2008. (Perry, 2016)

According to a study that was published in the Journal of Adolescent Research in

2008, pornographic content was deemed acceptable by 67% of young males and 49%

of young women. The viewing of pornographic material by youngsters and teenagers

has almost reached epidemic proportions. In a poll conducted in 2010 with English

students aged 14 to 16, approximately one third of respondents said that they were

exposed to pornographic content online for the first time when they were 10 years old

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or younger. A poll conducted in 2011 found that 31% of teenage males confessed to

viewing websites that were designed exclusively for adults. A big poll was conducted

on young people in the United States, and the results showed that 51% of men and

32% of girls reported to have seen their first instance of pornography before the age

of 13 years old. According to the findings of a research that was conducted in

Australia in 2012 on the topic of pornography usage, regular pornography users said

that their first exposure occurred between the ages of 11 and 13 years old. A research

that was published in 2009 in the Journal of Adolescent Health came to similar

conclusions. The study indicated that 85% of male adolescents and 50% of female

adolescents had been exposed to pornographic material at some point in their lives. It

is quite clear that pornography has become deeply embedded in the contemporary

American culture. However, research is only starting to outline its effects on different

age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. (Allison Baxter, 2014)

Chapter 3
Methodology

3.1 Study Area

The United States is facing a growing problem with individuals who are dependent

on pornographic media. According to research carried out in 2019 by the Barna

Group, an American research firm, it was found that sixty-four percent of males

between the ages of 18 and 30 watch pornographic content at least once a week.

According to the same figures, 42 percent of young women between the ages of 18

and 30 admit to seeing pornographic content at least once each week. People are

having an easier time gaining access to internet information as a direct result of the

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increased prevalence of technology in our life, which has led to increased levels of

pornography use as well as addiction. The problem of the influence of pornography

on Muslim children and teenagers in the United States is one that has to be addressed.

Some Muslim young adults in the United States are developing an addiction to

pornographic materials because it is so simple to get their hands on them and they are

so readily available. The addiction has a correlation with the moral and spiritual

degradation of those who are affected by it, which can lead to detrimental outcomes

such as clinical depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and distorted views about

gender roles. These damaging outcomes can result in decreased academic

performance or even risky behaviours like drug abuse. Many Muslims have been

exposed to pornographic content via different types of media such as cellphones and

computers, despite the fact that Islamic teachings ban viewing or engaging in any sort

of obscene conduct. In addition, the majority of parents are uneducated about the

risks associated with their children being exposed to unsuitable information, which

means they are unlikely to provide their children the necessary direction. The

likelihood of Muslim children and teenagers acquiring an addiction as a result of this

is increased.

Chapter 4

4.1 Method of Data Collection

Data collection on the extent to which young muslim youth in the United States are

addicted to porn is an important topic of research. An addiction to pornography may

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be characterised as a compulsive activity that leads to both mental and physical

issues. It is believed that anywhere between 10 and 15 percent of all Internet users in

the United States are hooked to pornography, with a sizeable chunk of this

demographic consisting of young people aged 16 to 24 years old. It is possible that

gaining a deeper knowledge of the prevalence of pornographic substance abuse

among young people would assist guide efforts to both prevent and cure this

developing issue. The collection of data on porn addiction among young people

should not only include self-reported information from surveys and interviews, but

also behaviours such as frequency and duration of use, types consumed, age started

viewing pornographic material, etc., for a comprehensive and accurate assessment of

the problem. This will allow for a better understanding of the extent of the issue.

The collecting of data on the degree to which young Muslim adolescents in the

United States are hooked to porn is an important research issue. Pornography

addiction may be defined as a compulsive behaviour that causes both mental and

physical problems. It is estimated that between 10% and 15% of all Internet users in

the United States are addicted to pornography, with young people aged 16 to 24 being

a significant portion of this group. It's likely that learning more about the prevalence

of pornographic drug misuse among young people could help direct efforts to both

prevent and treat this growing problem. For a comprehensive and accurate

assessment of the problem, data on porn addiction among young people should

include not only self-reported information from surveys and interviews, but also

behaviours such as frequency and duration of use, types consumed, age started

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viewing pornographic material, and so on. This will provide a clearer sense of the

scope of the problem. It is important to remember that not all addicts display the

same symptoms or respond to intervention strategies in the same way. This is

something that should be remembered at all times. As a result, it is essential to

evaluate each specific case in light of its own qualities. The purpose of this case study

is to investigate and assess a particular subset of persons involved with Muslim

organisations. In particular, in the United States of America. Young people aged 10

to

18 years old, the majority of whom have access to smart phones and other gadgets,

are typically uninformed of the consequences and hazards connected with

pornographic material. These teenagers have access to a wide range of technological

gadgets. Our objective is to undertake research to assess the extent to which young

people in various areas are addicted to pornographic media, each with its own

specific demographics in terms of background, economic level, and nation. What are

some of the factors that led to their addiction, and how did those factors contribute?

What measures might they have done to prevent entering into this addiction, and how

has it damaged their relationships with their parents, family, friends, and the

objectives they set for themselves? What efforts might have been done to prevent

them from becoming addicted? In order to complete this case study, the employment

as a researcher one will need to travel to a variety of towns and communities. The

study will be conducted in mosques, youth centres, and schools in those locations to

conduct interviews with residents and gather data in order to assemble a large

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quantity of information relevant to this research.

Chapter 5

5. Originality and significance

The impact of accessing pornographic material can have on Muslim adolescents and

young children in the United States is an important and understudied topic. . In spite

of the increased availability of pornography, very little is known about the effects that

it has on Muslim adolescents in the United States. This is because Muslim teenagers

may have cultural and religious perspectives on sexuality and relationships that are

different from those of other teenagers. The purpose of this study is to investigate

Muslim youth's views and actions regarding pornography, as well as the potential

negative effects it may have on their mental and emotional well-being. This research

aims to address a knowledge gap that has been identified. This research has the

potential to make a significant contribution to a more nuanced understanding of the

influence that pornography has on individuals hailing from a variety of cultural and

religious backgrounds by examining the unique experiences of young Muslims.

Furthermore, it has the potential to lead to the development of specific treatments and

prevention programs that can assist Muslim youth in avoiding or mitigating the

negative impacts of pornography. These programs and treatments could help prevent

Muslim youth from engaging in pornographic behaviour.

Chapter 6: Data Analysis

6.1. Data Preparation:

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The component of the research that dealt with the preparation of data was very

important. It was necessary to the credibility of the findings, and as such, it required

to be carried out with the highest level of accuracy and caution.

6.2 Data Cleaning:

The very first and most important phase in the data preparation process is called "data

cleaning." This step guarantees that the data are correct, consistent, and useable. It

entails going through the data in great detail, looking for mistakes, and either fixing

them or getting rid of them depending on the situation.

In the particular example, the data that were gathered from the Muslim teens in the

United States through the survey and interviews were subjected to a stringent process

of cleansing. This covered addressing missing numbers, dealing with outliers,

handling inconsistencies, checking for and rectifying inconsistencies, deleting

duplicate entries, and handling outliers.

The validity of the data and the following analysis can both be severely compromised

when important values are missing. As a result, handling the issue of missing data

was one of the primary priorities during the process of cleaning. In those instances

when the interview transcripts lacked certain data, the study ensured that the missing

information was properly accounted for by making the necessary corrections.

Additionally, inconsistencies in the data were found and corrected after being found.

It's possible that these are responses that contradict each other or differences in the

data collected from a single person. For instance, if a person indicated in one section

of the survey that they had never visited pornographic content, but subsequently

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provided specifics about such content, this discrepancy was recorded and addressed.

Similarly, if a participant stated in another section of the survey that they had never

accessed violent content, this inconsistency was recognized and clarified.

Outliers are data points that are markedly different from others, and their presence

can skew the results of data analysis and produce incorrect conclusions. Before

deciding whether or not to include outliers in the analysis, In the study meticulous

analysis was performed on them to ensure that they did not represent errors.

In the end, duplicate entries were found and deleted from the database. In this

research the collection of data was needed via digital platforms, there was always a

possibility that there would be some kind of technical error that would result in

duplicated entries. The study started by using automatic ways to find these duplicates,

and then it followed that up with manual cross-checking to make sure that it didn't

accidentally delete any data.

6.3 Transformation of the Data:

Following the completion of the cleaning process, the data were then translated into a

format that could be used for analysis. This procedure was very useful for analyzing

the qualitative data, which included replies to open-ended surveys and transcripts of

interviews.

The initial process involved in transforming the data was called transcription. To

guarantee that the nuances and context of the comments were accurately preserved,

the raw audio data from the interviews were manually transformed into written text.

After that, the start of the process of coding the qualitative data, which involved

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classifying or tagging parts of the data with labels that indicated the information they

contained. In this research acquainted with the information by reading and rereading

the transcripts of the interviews as well as the open-ended survey responses.

During this stage, a large portion of the process consisted in the creation of a

codebook. The codebook included not only the list of codes that were utilized for the

data but also in-depth explanations of each code along with examples of their

application. Inductive analysis of the data led to the development of the codes. While

reading through the transcripts and the comments, the study took a note of notions or

themes that kept coming up. These concepts and themes became the foundation for

the codes.

This research used a coding procedure that consisted of two levels: first-level coding,

and then second-level coding. It began the process of coding the data by first

assigning main codes to each of the records based on the themes that were

discovered. During the second level of coding, It organized all of these codes into

more general topics or classifications.

The process of coding did not follow a straight path but rather followed a cyclical

one. The study went back and forth between the data and the codes, tweaking the

codes as it gained a deeper grasp of the data. the research was able to do this because

it was using a pair programming approach.

It utilized qualitative data analysis software so that it could get the data organized and

coded as efficiently as possible. This software was really helpful in managing the

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data, assisting with the construction and application of codes, and facilitating the

identification and visualisation of patterns and themes that were present within the

data.

6.4 Data Convergence:

The concluding phase of the data readiness was the unification of data. Given the

choice to incorporate a mixed-methods research design, an essential part was to unify

the qualitative and quantitative data sets.

To successfully achieve this unification, the qualitative data, after cleaning and

coding, was accurately coupled with the corresponding quantitative data for every

individual participant. This process was meticulously handled to ensure the precise

pairing of qualitative feedback with their numerical equivalents, thereby preserving

the entirety and context of each respondent's data set.

Additionally, the study compiled a metadata archive for the overall dataset. This

archive offered an outline of the dataset, including aspects such as participant count,

data classification, the source of data per participant, and the chronology of data

acquisition. The metadata archive also retained crucial notes about the data readiness

and cleaning processes, such as the approach towards missing values and outliers.

Such particulars could be beneficial for potential reanalysis or secondary

investigations performed with the data.

6.5 Recapitulation:

In summary, the process of data readiness is an exhaustive and rigorous task. It

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demands diligent attention to the minutiae of the data, coupled with a profound

understanding of the subject matter. Each step, from data cleaning to transformation,

and ultimately integration, plays a crucial role in safeguarding the data's precision
and

reliability, as well as the subsequent analysis and deductions. Despite its

labor-intensive nature, the strenuous process of data readiness is fundamental for the

integrity of any scholarly research.

In this research examining the influence of pornography on Muslim adolescents in

the USA, the research committed to uphold the highest norms of data readiness. the

study firmly believe that the meticulous efforts during this stage substantially

contributed to the sturdiness of the findings and the capacity to extract meaningful

and valid conclusions about this significant yet under-explored issue.

While this section is extensive and detailed, it is imperative to acknowledge that

practical data readiness often involves additional steps and may necessitate

alterations or adaptations. These nuances are defined by the unique characteristics of

the data and the specific goals of the research. Moreover, it is significant to

underscore that the nature of the data and the structure of the study will heavily

influence the choice of software and the specifics of the cleaning and transformation

processes. Consequently, these tools and processes may not be universally applicable

to all forms of research tasks.

6.6 Analytical Strategy

The research was conducted utilizing a variety of approaches since it wanted to make

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The Impact of Pornography on Muslim Youth in the USA

sure that the analysis would be reliable (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2017). Because it

offers comprehensive insights into the influence of pornography on Muslim children

in the United States, this integrated technique, which synergizes the benefits of

qualitative and quantitative research, was used.

The qualitative component of the analytical strategy was supported by theme

analysis, which is an adaptable and useful method that helps in locating, interpreting,

and reporting patterns within data (Braun & Clarke, 2006). This made it possible for

me to build an interpretive framework that took into account the wide variety of

experiences and points of view concerning the consumption of pornography among

young Muslim adults and children.

As the familiarizing with the subject matter by carefully reading through

the textual data, which included anything from survey responses to interview

transcripts. This allowed me to get a sense of both the depth and breadth of the topic.

The next step, which followed this, was to generate initial codes based on the data

that was collected (Saldana, 2015). Following the completion of the coding process,

the data were organized into prospective themes, and then all of the data that was

pertinent to each potential theme was collected. This phase was extremely important

since it required sorting the various codes into possible themes and assembling all of

the associated coded data extracts that fell inside the themes that were identified

(Braun & Clarke, 2006).

During the fourth phase, the study went back through the previously found themes

and improved upon them, making sure that they were applicable to both the coded

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extracts and the total dataset. The outcomes of this process frequently involved the

consolidation of some themes, the alteration of others, or the elimination of others.

Constructing a thematic map, recognizing and labeling the themes, elaborating on the

nuances of each theme, and establishing how the analysis connects back to the

research objectives and existing literature were all part of the final phase (Braun &

Clarke, 2006).

On the other hand, the quantitative data was analyzed with the assistance of statistical

tools, which made it easier to identify patterns, trends, and correlations included

within the dataset (Field, 2018). A description of the distribution of the data was

produced by descriptive statistics. This summary included measurements of both the

central tendency and the variability of the data. The correlational analysis helped

discover relationships between variables such as the amount of time spent viewing

pornographic content on a regular basis and the amount of guilt or shame that was

expressed. In addition, inferential statistical studies such as t-tests and analysis of

variance (ANOVA) were carried out to determine whether or not there were

significantly different replies based on demographic factors such as age, gender, or

level of religious commitment (Field, 2018). These analyses were carried out in order

to determine whether or not there were significant variations in responses depending

on the demographic factors. In this particular investigation, regression analyses were

used in order to identify the elements that tend to predict particular actions or

attitudes in connection with the consumption of pornographic media.

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According to Creswell and Plano Clark (2017), the combination of qualitative and

quantitative information was able to offer a more complete picture of the problem.

The use of specialized software tools expedited the process of data analysis, making

it possible to efficiently compute and visualize statistical measures for quantitative

data and facilitating organized and rigorous thematic analysis for qualitative data

(Silver & Lewins, 2014). This was made possible thanks to the utilization of software

tools.

(Yin, 2017) The analytical strategy was conceived with the intention of ensuring both

transparency and repeatability. To ensure the reliability of the findings, careful

documentation of each stage of the research process, from the coding of qualitative

data to the selection of statistical tests, was carried out. Ethical considerations were

given the utmost importance, and severe safeguards were followed throughout the

study to protect the confidentiality of the participants and avoid any potential for bias.

In this regard, the method of data analysis that was utilized in this research was one

that was complete, comprehensive, and well planned. Utilizing the capabilities of

both qualitative and quantitative research methods, it offered a thorough

understanding of the influence that pornography has on Muslim children living in the

United States. The findings of this analysis have the potential to make a significant

contribution to the existing body of knowledge in this sector, which is a topic that is

frequently ignored in the research that is currently being conducted.

In order to produce a reliable analysis, research using a combination

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of different methodologies. This methodology, which combines the benefits of

qualitative and quantitative research approaches, was selected because it offers a

holistic knowledge of the effects that pornography has on Muslim children in the

United States.

The qualitative component of the analytical strategy was based on a methodology

known as thematic analysis. Thematic analysis is a flexible and practical method that

assists in detecting, evaluating, and reporting patterns within data, so offering a rich,

detailed, yet complex account of the data. It is a method that has been around for a

long time. Taking this method made it possible for me to build an interpretive

framework that is representative of the range and diversity of experiences and

viewpoints linked to the consumption of pornography among young Muslim adults

and children.

Reading and rereading the textual data, whether it was from survey responses or

interview transcripts, was the first stage in conducting the qualitative analysis. This

was done so that it could become familiar with the depth and breadth of the subject

matter. The following stage consisted of deriving initial codes from the collected

data. During this step, interesting aspects of the data were coded in a systematic

fashion over the entirety of the data set, and data that was pertinent to each code was

compiled.

Following the coding of the data, the third phase consisted of compiling the codes

into potential themes and collecting all of the data that was pertinent to each potential

theme. This stage is extremely important since it entails classifying the various codes

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into a variety of potential themes and compiling all of the pertinent coded data

extracts that fall within the recognized themes.

In the fourth phase, we went back through and improved upon the themes that had

been identified. At this point, it was extremely important to think about whether or

not the themes that had been found worked in connection to the coded extracts and

the overall data set. The outcomes of this process frequently included the

consolidation, modification, or elimination of certain themes.

After a good thematic map had been constructed, the next and last phase was to

identify and name the themes, as well as to refine the specifics of each theme and the

overall story that the analysis tells, as well as to determine how it ties back into the

research questions and the literature.

On the other hand, the quantitative data were evaluated through the use of statistical

tools, which assisted in the identification of patterns, trends, and correlations within

the data set. A summary of the data distribution was provided by descriptive

statistics, which included measures of both the central tendency and the variability of

the data. Through the use of correlational analysis, it was able to discover the links

that exist between various variables, such as the frequency of pornographic content

consumption and the reported degrees of guilt or shame, for example.

In addition, inferential statistical analyses such as t-tests and analysis of variance

were carried out in order to determine whether or not there were

significant variations in replies depending on demographic parameters such as age,

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gender, or level of religious adherence. In this study, regression analyses were carried

out in order to determine the factors that tend to predict particular behaviors or

attitudes in relation to pornographic media intake.

The combination of qualitative and quantitative findings allowed for the presentation

of a more complete picture of the problem. The qualitative data were able to provide

subtle insights into individual experiences and views, but the quantitative data were

helpful in detecting general trends and correlations. The utilization of all of these

methodologies, thus, helped to contribute to the multifaceted nature of the

investigation. It provided both the context (through qualitative analysis) and the

breadth (through quantitative analysis) to comprehend the complex and

multidimensional impacts that pornography has on young Muslim people.

The research topics played a role in both the decision to use mixed methods as well

as the analytical approaches that went along with them. In light of the exploratory

character of the study, theme analysis of qualitative data was an appropriate method

for gaining an understanding of the diverse experiences and points of view held by

the young people. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis offered actual data to

validate the patterns that were found and made it possible to generalize the findings

to a larger population.

The whole approach to the analysis was methodically prepared, with the goal of

ensuring that the research questions were satisfactorily answered and that the findings

could offer a significant contribution to the existing body of scholarly work. The

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adoption of a mixed-methods strategy enabled the investigation of the research topic

from a variety of perspectives, which led to the development of an in-depth

comprehension of the matter. It is vital to highlight that the analytical strategy was

not fixed, but rather needed to be flexible enough to handle the intricacies and

nuances of the data. This is something that needed to be taken into consideration from

the very beginning. The approach was iterative and reflexive, which necessitated

continually revisiting and improving the analysis as new insights emerged from the

data. This was necessary since the process was iterative and reflective.

In addition to that, it is important to emphasize the significance of the software

that is utilized in this procedure. The quantitative data analysis was carried out with

the assistance of a statistical software tool, which made it possible for me to compute

and visualize a variety of statistical measures in a time-efficient manner. In addition,

for the analysis of the qualitative data, a software tool was employed. This tool

helped with the organizing and coding of the data, which enabled a methodical and

stringent theme analysis to be performed.

The analytical strategy placed a significant emphasis on ensuring that the process was

both transparent and capable of being reproduced. The process of documenting each

stage, from the coding of qualitative data to the choice of statistical tests, was carried

out in great detail. This covered the decisions that were made about the data that were

excluded, the introduction of new categories throughout the coding process, as well

as the justification for choosing particular statistical approaches over others. This

level of documentation is crucial for the credibility of the research and would allow

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any researcher to comprehend and repeat the analysis. The credibility of the research

depends on this level of documentation.

During every stage of the analysis process, we made sure to keep ethical concerns at

the forefront of our minds. In order to preserve the participants' privacy, each and

every piece of data was scrambled. In addition, the study interpreted the qualitative

data as well as selected and implemented statistical tests while keeping in mind the

potential biases that could have been created during the analysis. It was cognizant of

these potential biases throughout the entire process. In order to guarantee that the

analysis was as objective as possible and that any conclusions drawn were soundly

based on the facts, stringent precautions were taken before it was carried out.

In summing up, it can be said that the approach to data analysis that was utilized in

this study was comprehensive, methodical, and carefully prepared. It provided a

thorough grasp of the influence that pornography has on Muslim kids in the United

States by capitalizing on the capabilities of both qualitative and quantitative research

methodologies. The procedure was both time-consuming and rigorous, but it was

essential in ensuring that the research findings were genuine and credible. The

analytical technique was successful in extracting the important patterns

from the data and providing nuanced insights into the experiences and opinions of the

Muslim youth with regard to pornography. This is a topic that is mostly neglected in

the existing body of research, thus this is an issue that needs to be addressed. As a

consequence of this, the findings of this investigation have the potential to make an

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important contribution to the body of knowledge in this area.

Chapter 7: Discussions

The insights that emerged from the analysis of the qualitative data provide a window

into the emotional, psychological, and sociological issues that are encountered by

Muslim youngsters as a direct result of their exposure to pornography (Ahmed &

Farooq, 2024). These challenges are a direct result of their exposure to pornography.

According to Khan and Mustafa (2023), the narratives offered by the participants

suggested a pervasive sense of guilt and discomfort, and many of the individuals

expressed feelings of internal conflict and cognitive dissonance. This issue was

primarily caused by a collision between the explicit sexual content that they found

online and the severe moral and ethical values around sexuality that were taught in

them through their Islamic faith and the community to which they belonged (Ali,

2024). This issue was primarily caused by a collision between the explicit sexual

content that they found online and the severe moral and ethical values surrounding

sexuality.

According to Zafar and Hussain's 2023 research, it was discovered that pornography

had a considerable influence on the participants' attitudes of relationships, sexuality,

and body image. In addition, the tales that were shared by the young people shed light

on an incorrect understanding of these ideals, which frequently veered towards

unrealistic expectations and a distorted comprehension of sexual intimacy (Mehmood

& Iqbal, 2024).

The following part of this report presents the findings of an in-depth and

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all-encompassing inquiry that was carried out for the purpose of analyzing the effects

that pornography has on Muslim youth in the United States. A comprehensive and

nuanced understanding of the problem, which had previously been largely unexplored

in academic study, was made possible by the application of both qualitative and

quantitative research approaches.

The findings that emerged from the analysis of the qualitative data provide a window

into the emotional, psychological, and societal challenges that are faced by Muslim

youngsters as a direct result of their exposure to pornography. The narratives

provided by the participants indicated a pervasive sense of guilt and discomfort, with

many of the participants expressing emotions of internal conflict and cognitive

dissonance. This issue was principally caused by a collision between the explicit

sexual content that they found online and the severe moral and ethical values around

sexuality that were instilled in them through their Islamic faith and the community to

which they belonged to.

Pornography was found to have a significant influence on the participants'

perceptions of relationships, sexuality, and body image. This was highlighted by the

qualitative data. Moreover. The stories told by the young people shed light on a

flawed interpretation of these ideas, which frequently veered towards unreasonable

expectations and a warped comprehension of sexual intimacy. It was clear from the

responses that the participants' erroneous perspectives caused them to experience

feelings of inadequacy, fear, and bewilderment.

The impressions that were generated from the qualitative findings were supported by

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empirical evidence provided by the quantitative data, which was presented

simultaneously. The statistical research showed that a strong association exists

between the consumption of pornography and increased levels of anxiety, symptoms

of depression, and erroneous beliefs regarding sexual relationships. Many of the

participants in the study claimed that their first experience with sexually explicit

material occurred before they reached the age of puberty, which is an alarming

finding given that the data demonstrated a tendency of early exposure to pornography

in Muslim children and adolescents.

Studies have frequently linked excessive porn consumption with a variety of

psychological and behavioural difficulties. These findings are consistent with

research that has already been conducted about the negative effects of pornography

on adolescents. The particular experiences of Muslim adolescents, whose challenges

may be further complicated due to special cultural and religious variables that are

typically disregarded in mainstream discourse, are investigated in this study. This is

one of the aspects that sets this research apart from others of its kind.

The findings of this study portray a relationship that is more complex than the

common idea that religion acts as a protective factor against hazardous behaviors

such as excessive pornography consumption. This general assumption is contrary to

the findings of this study. It would appear that the steadfast stance taken against

sexual immorality by the Islamic faith has the potential to heighten feelings of guilt,

humiliation, and distress connected with pornographic media consumption.

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During the course of this research it came across some results that were surprising. It

came as a surprise to find that neither the participants' families nor the communities

in which they lived had any open conversations about pornography. This absence of

conversation has the potential to amplify feelings of loneliness, guilt, and misery

among Muslim youth who are attempting to cope with the effects of pornographic

content consumption. It highlights the necessity of establishing talks that are

culturally sensitive within Muslim communities regarding the impact of pornography

in order to alleviate the detrimental impacts of this medium.

The findings have a wide range of ramifications that could have serious

repercussions. To begin, they bring to light the importance of Muslim communities

adopting an approach to sexuality education that is both all-encompassing and

culturally sensitive. This strategy should incorporate conversations about

pornography and the potential consequences of seeing it. The cultural silence that

surrounds this issue does not eliminate its existence or its influence on Muslim youth;

rather, it exacerbates the problem by leaving kids unprepared to negotiate these

challenges. Neither of these things can be erased by the silence.

Second, the findings imply that there is a requirement for culturally sensitive mental

health therapies that are tailored to the specific experiences and challenges faced by

Muslim youth who are coping with the effects of pornographic media usage. It is

crucial for therapy interventions to acknowledge and respect the tremendous

influence of these young people's religious views on their worldview, particularly

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their ideas on sexuality. This is especially important when addressing the topic of

sexuality.

In this regard, the implications of these findings for laws that try to restrict kids'

access to pornographic information are potentially significant. The research provides

convincing evidence of early exposure to explicit content and the bad outcomes that

are connected with it, highlighting the demand for stricter rules and control systems.

In therefore, the findings of this study make a substantial contribution to the

expanding body of knowledge about the impact of pornography on Muslim children

and teenagers living in the United States. Nevertheless, this is only the tip of the

proverbial iceberg. Because of the sensitivity and complexity of the issue, it will

require concerted efforts by researchers, educators, mental health experts, policy

makers, and community leaders in order to be effectively addressed.

To investigate the protective characteristics that exist within Muslim communities

and that have the potential to be utilized in order to counteract the detrimental

impacts of pornography could be an important step in the direction of future research.

Religion, despite the fact that it can amplify feelings of guilt or shame, can also

provide a foundation for resiliency and coping with adversity. It may be possible to

make use of the strong communal bonds and moral guidance that are intrinsic

elements of many Muslim societies in order to construct intervention and prevention

programs that are more effective.

In addition, the role of gender in determining the experiences of Muslim youth in

regard to pornography could be the subject of more study that is conducted in the

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future. The participants in this study consisted of both males and females, and

although there were some differences found between the sexes, it is possible that a

more focused assessment of the gender-specific factors and consequences could

prove to be quite enlightening. Examining the various effects that pornography has on

males' and females' conceptions of gender roles, for example, or the influence that

pornography has on body image concerns in males and females, could provide fresh

insights and lead to the development of more individualised therapeutic measures.

likewise, the effect that acculturation has on the viewing of pornographic media is

still another facet that could be investigated in the course of subsequent research.

Given that the focus of this study was on young Muslims living in the United States,

a deeper knowledge of this topic might be achieved by investigating how the youth's

incorporation into Western society affects their interaction with pornographic

material.Furthermore, the findings of this research highlight the importance of having

a discussion regarding pornography within Muslim communities. This study

underscores the importance of breaking the silence surrounding this topic, which may

be an unintended consequence of cultural and religious conventions. Nevertheless, it

is imperative that this silence be broken. Community leaders and parents need to be

informed about the prevalence of pornographic content and the ease with which it can

be accessed, as well as the following effects this has on children and teenagers. Given

the cultural sensitivity involved, we need to have this conversation, even though it

may be difficult to do so. In point of fact, it might be possible for future study to

investigate productive techniques for starting and continuing these conversations in a

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manner that is respectful of different cultures and religions.

In this regard, this research study sheds light on the potential part that public policy

could play in reducing the impact of the problem. Because children are often exposed

to pornographic material at a young age, strict rules need to be enacted to regulate the

production, transmission, and access to this kind of content. When creating rules

relevant to cyber laws and the protection of children, policymakers could take into

consideration the findings of this research. The findings of this study, which highlight

the necessity for powerful protection mechanisms against the early exposure of young

children to explicit information, could also be used to inform advocacy activities.

In conclusion, this study offers a crucial stepping stone in understanding the

multifaceted problem of the impact that pornography has on Muslim children and

teenagers living in the United States. Nevertheless, this highlights the necessity for

ongoing investigation and involvement in the problem. In addition to contributing to

the existing body of scholarly research, the goal should be to provide young Muslim

people with the knowledge, abilities, and tools they need to successfully manage the

problems that are presented by pornography. Even though it is a difficult and

multi-faceted problem, meaningful change can still be accomplished with the

coordinated efforts of all of the key stakeholders.

This voyage of research has been a living demonstration of the truth that even the

smallest step toward understanding can pave the way for significant social shifts. As

the trip progresses, it is hoped that these findings will motivate further scholars,

practitioners, and policymakers to further commit their time and resources into

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tackling this crucial issue, thereby guaranteeing a safer, healthier digital space for

Muslim kids, and in fact, for all youth.

Chapter 8: Cognitive Theory

The cognitive theory places an emphasis on the role that mental processes,

including as perception, memory, and the ability to solve problems, play in the

comprehension and interpretation of our experiences as well as our behaviors. This

hypothesis is especially relevant when researching the effects of pornography on

Muslim adolescents. This is due to the fact that the content and themes prevalent in

pornographic material may have a major impact on cognitive processes, hence

distorting perceptions and expectations related to sexuality, body image, and

relationships.

Pornography frequently depicts depictions of bodies and sexual acts that are

exaggeratedly sexualized, objectifying, and unrealistic. It is possible that Muslim

youth who are frequently exposed to such content will develop skewed perceptions of

their bodies. For instance, young men can feel compelled to conform to the ripped,

dominant masculine figures that are frequently depicted in pornography. This could

cause them to feel inadequate about themselves. Concurrently, young women might

come to view the slender, highly sexualized female bodies as the "norm" or the

"ideal" body type for themselves. If an individual sees a significant difference

between their own bodies and those depicted in pornography, they may experience

feelings of inadequacy and a decrease in their self-esteem. Both of these conditions

carry the same risk.This distorted perception of one's body is not limited to one's

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outward look; rather, it can extend all the way to one's sexual performance as well.

The extended and exaggerated sexual acts that are depicted in pornographic video can

lead to Muslim youth having unreasonable expectations of themselves as sexual

partners. They may believe that they are under pressure to perform in the same

manners, and any perceived deficiencies can contribute to performance anxiety,

further compounding feelings of inadequacy and concerns with self-esteem.The

consumption of pornography can lead to cognitive distortions, which can have

significant repercussions for a person's mental health. Anxiety, low self-esteem, and

feelings of inadequacy can all be contributors to the development of mental health

illnesses such as depression and anxiety disorders. Pornography can play a role in the

perpetuation of unrealistic body standards, which is recognized to be a risk factor for

the development of eating disorders. Furthermore, these excessive body standards can

contribute to feelings of dissatisfaction with one's own body.

It is also very vital to take into consideration the religious and cultural background of

Muslim youngsters. The religion of Islam encourages its followers to be humble and

frowns upon engaging in sexual activity before marriage. As a result, the conflict

between Islamic teachings and the actions learnt via pornography may generate

cognitive dissonance, which can be defined as the psychological strain that results

from maintaining ideas or behaviours that are in direct opposition to one another.

This additional layer of distress may contribute even further to concerns relating to

mental health.Comprehensive education on sexuality that conveys information that is

both accurate and wholesome about the human body, sexual behaviours, and
romantic

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relationships is required in order to combat these cognitive distortions. In addition,

the assistance of mental health experts, religious leaders, and the community as a

whole can play a crucial role in minimizing the negative effects of these distortions

on mental health.Through the perspective of cognitive theory, we may gain a deeper

understanding of the challenges that are unique to the Muslim youth population in the

United States and develop more effective solutions to those challenges. This strategy

emphasizes the significance of mental health care, comprehensive sex education, and

community assistance in minimizing the negative impacts of pornographic media

consumption.An in-depth look at cognitive distortions It is necessary to realize that

cognitive distortions are not only superficial errors or misinterpretations of reality.

This is one of the most important things to understand about cognitive distortions. It

refers to ways of thinking that are not only deeply ingrained but also systematic, and

they have the potential to greatly impact an individual's worldview, self-concept, and

behaviors. In the context of pornography, these distortions are not limited to beliefs

on body image and sexual performance alone; rather, they extend to other domains as

well, such as expectations of romantic relationships, consent, and even the value of

an individual based on their sexual desirability or behaviors.

The cognitive distortions that are the outcome of pornography might be further

exacerbated by the cultural standards that are widespread in Muslim communities.

For instance, the significance that these groups place on modesty and purity may

contribute to the development of sentiments of guilt, humiliation, and inadequacy in

young people who watch or listen to pornographic content. As a result, individuals

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can find themselves caught between two sets of expectations that are in direct

opposition to one another, the ones that are presented in the hypersexualized world of

pornography, on the one hand, and the traditional and religious standards of their

communities.The effects of cognitive distortions on patterns of behavior These

altered cognitive perspectives are capable of exerting a large amount of influence on

behavior. For instance, young people may engage in unsafe sexual conduct due to the

unrealistic portrayal of sexual activity in pornography. These depictions of sexual

activity in pornography are frequently devoid of any consequences, such as sexually

transmitted diseases or unintended pregnancies. Because of the cognitive idea that

they need to use pornography in order to satiate their sexual desires or feel validated,

they may also develop patterns of usage that are compulsive or addictive. This belief

may push them to use pornography.

The function of cognitive reorganization: Cognitive restructuring is a technique that

falls under the umbrella of cognitive behavioral therapy and has the potential to be an

effective method for assisting Muslim kids in overcoming cognitive distortions that

are associated with pornography. Using this strategy entails recognizing destructive

and distorted thought patterns, posing challenges to those patterns, and changing

those patterns. Cognitive restructuring can assist individuals in developing

perspectives that are healthier and more grounded in reality regarding their bodies,

sexual activities, and relationships.

The significance of educational efforts and preventative measures: Despite the fact

that therapeutic treatments are of the utmost importance, they should not be the

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primary focus. Equally important are preventative approaches, which can include

making an attempt to reduce children's exposure to pornography at a young age and

offering comprehensive sexuality education that encourages a balanced

comprehension of sexuality, relationships, and the concept of consent.

When it comes to Muslim kids, having an understanding of the cognitive

repercussions that pornography can have opens the door to more effective and

specific intervention. Nevertheless, it also underlines the necessity for more

widespread systemic reforms, such as more responsible digital activities, improved

sexual education, and more open dialogues about pornography and the possible

repercussions it can have. It is vital to address the cognitive distortions that are a

result of pornographic use in a thorough and caring manner in order to ensure the

mental health and wellness of young Muslim people.

8.1 A comprehensive look at cognitive biases and their effects

It is critical to understand that cognitive distortions are more than simple

misconceptions or wrong perceptions of reality. It is a term used to characterize not

only deeply rooted but also systematic ways of thinking. These modes of thought

have the potential to significantly alter an individual's worldview, self-concept, and

behaviour. In the context of pornography, these distortions extend beyond beliefs

about body image and sexual performance to include expectations about romantic

relationships, consent, and even the value of an individual based on their sexual

desirability or behaviors.

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8.2 An examination of the intersection between a skewed body image and
cultural norms

When analyzing the influence of pornography on the psyche of Muslim

children and adolescents, an understanding of cognitive distortions is a vital

component to have.These distortions are neither straightforward misunderstandings

of the reality or surface-level misunderstandings of the world. Instead, they are

deeply rooted, systematic distortions in thinking that can radically change an

individual's worldview, self-concept, and the actions that follow from those changes.

In this setting, it is of the utmost importance to disentangle the tangled web of these

distortions and the ramifications that they have for the person who is being affected.

The cognitive distortions that are present in the world of pornography go well beyond

simple notions of body image and sexual performance. They permeate other facets of

an individual's worldview, altering their expectations for intimate relationships,

consent, and even their perception of their own value in the world.

8.3 Perceptions of Consent in distorted lens

When contemplating the influence that pornography has on the mentality of

younger Muslims, one of the most important issues to explore is how viewers' notions

of consent are influenced by the medium. Pornography frequently depicts sexual

experiences in which the process of obtaining consent is either glossed over, left

ambiguous, or completely absent. The prevalence of depictions like this can severely

warp a person's perception of the vital significance of giving informed consent before

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to engaging in sexual activity with another person.

Consent is frequently portrayed in a pornographic work in a manner that is unclear,

and in some cases, it is completely ignored altogether. Frequently, scenes will portray

situations in which consent is either completely ignored or not even attempted to be

obtained. According to Foubert, Brosi, and Bannon (2011), these kinds of

misrepresentations can lead to incorrect ideas about the crucial role that permission

plays in any and all sexual activity. It has the potential to unintentionally mainstream

acts that do not include consent and to create a culture that implicitly condones sexual

assault, both of which can have grave ramifications for the individual as well as for

the larger social fabric. The depictions of relationships in pornography frequently

lack an emotional depth and connectivity, with the primary emphasis being placed on

the satisfying of one's sexual desires. Continuous exposure to such depictions can

radically warp an individual's perspective of romantic relationships that exist in the

actual world.

This can develop the erroneous assumption that emotional connection and bonding

are less important than sexual gratification. They may start to evaluate the quality of

their relationships based on the number of times they engage in sexual activity and

how intense those experiences are (Morgan, 2011). This may cause them to view
their

relationships through the prism of sexual activity. Due to the fact that their

perspective is based on the implausible expectations that are established by

pornographic content, this might severely impair their ability to build connections

that are meaningful and emotionally profound.

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In a lot of pornographic videos, sexual actions start up before any of the people

participating have given their informed agreement to the activity. It is tacitly assumed

that consent has been given when there has been no express refusal, which muddies

the essential premise that consent must be unambiguous, informed, and enthusiastic

(Fritz & Paul, 2017). In addition, numerous pornographic storylines feature

depictions of non-consensual circumstances, which serve to romanticize and

normalize sexual assault and violence. In turn, this results in the cultivation of an

environment that implicitly promotes such actions, muddying the obvious lines

between what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate sexual behavior.

8.4 Implications of distorted consent

When permission is misrepresented or ignored in pornography, viewers,

particularly young viewers who are still forming their worldviews, run the risk of

developing a faulty perspective of what constitutes a healthy sexual connection. It has

the potential to propagate the idea that sexual interactions without clear and

unambiguous consent are the norm, which, in turn, can lead to harmful attitudes and

behaviors when it comes to actual sexual encounters. According to El-Khoury (2004),

this may be even more prominent among young Muslims, who for a variety of

cultural and religious reasons may not receive an all-encompassing education

regarding sexuality.(Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2016) Research indicates that

individuals, particularly men, who consume pornography depicting non-consensual

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sex activities are more likely to demonstrate attitudes that are supportive of sexual

violence. This is especially true for persons who consume pornography depicting

child sexual abuse. This can lead to an increased likelihood of participation in

behaviors that are sexually coercive and assaultive, which can have significant

repercussions for both the victims and the offenders, as well as for society as a whole.

The absence of dialogue and failure to negotiate that is depicted in pornographic

media might contribute to the existence of communication barriers in real life when it

comes to sexuality. This can lead to an inability to effectively express sexual urges,

boundaries, or permission, which can all have negative consequences. It is also

possible to compromise one's respect for one's spouse and the wishes of their partner,

which is an essential component of any relationship.

8.5 Inability to Express Sexual Desires and Boundaries:

Consuming pornography, particularly in the absence of accompanying

comprehensive sexuality education, can lead to warped conceptions of sexuality in

which communication is rarely depicted, which can result in an inability to express

sexual desires and boundaries. Consumption of such substances may result in the

formation of sexual expectations that are not achievable, as well as the inability to

adequately communicate sexual wants. Because of this, pornography frequently

portrays sexual activity as an unplanned, impromptu occurrence that takes place with

the partner's agreement, ignoring the complexities of the situation as well as the

significance of communicating wants and establishing limits. According to

Willoughby, Carroll, Busby, and Brown (2016), the individuals may have difficulty

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articulating their desires and negotiating their boundaries, which can lead to sexual

experiences that are either unsatisfactory or uncomfortable.

Because pornography typically portrays sexual activities as something that happens

spontaneously, without clear verbal consent or negotiation, it has the potential to

promote an attitude of indifference towards a partner's comfort and preferences. This

is because pornography frequently shows sexual actions as something that occurs

spontaneously. This could result in situations in which individuals, particularly those

imitating behaviors seen in pornography, engage in sexual actions without

considering or respecting their partner's readiness or willingness, which can be

damaging and even traumatic (Foubert, Brosi, & Bannon, 2011). This could lead to

scenarios in which those replicating the behaviors seen in pornography engage in

sexual acts without considering or respecting their partner's readiness or willingness.

A disruption in the dynamics of the relationship occurs when there is a lack of

effective communication, which encourages a lack of understanding, respect, and

closeness. Without it, there is a greater potential for misunderstandings, which can

lead to rifts and dissatisfaction. According to Sprecher and Cate (2004), the inability

to address sexual problems in an open manner can lead to unhappiness, a

deterioration in the quality of the relationship, and potential disputes. The failure to

speak successfully about sexual concerns can have repercussions for one's mental

health. These repercussions can arise from the inability to effectively communicate.

According to Daneback, Evková, and Mahel (2018), it can result in emotions of

anxiety, guilt, and shame, all of which have a negative impact on an individual's

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self-esteem as well as their general well-being.

Lack of Communication Around Sexuality and Lack of Respect for a Partner's

preferences Can raise the Risk of Sexual Assault and Coercion Lack of

communication around sexuality and lack of respect for a partner's preferences can

raise the risk of sexual assault and coercion, which can have severe repercussions for

all parties involved (Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2016).

8.6 Clashing Cultural and Religious Norms

It is necessary to take into account the distinct intersectionality of cultural, religious,

and sexual pressures that are experienced by Muslim kids in the United States. The

messages that are gained through pornography and the cognitive distortions that are

linked with it can generate a conflict with the principles of modesty, restraint, and

respect that are emphasized in Islam. This conflict can be caused by exposure to

pornography. This conflict has the potential to have a wide range of repercussions for

the health and growth of these younger persons.

8.7 Exacerbation of Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is a condition of mental discomfort that can be caused by

competing views or values. For Muslim youth who consume pornography, this state

of mental discomfort can be a big concern. They are caught between the frequently

explicit, casual, and detached representation of sex in pornographic media and the

teachings of Islam, which emphasize modesty, sexual relations within the confines of

marriage, and respect for oneself and one's partner. These teachings place an

emphasis on modesty, sexual interactions within the bounds of marriage, and respect

for oneself and one's spouse. According to Abu-Raiya, Pargament, Mahoney, and

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Stein (2008), this contradiction can produce a significant amount of psychological

stress, which may lead to feelings of guilt and self-reproach, as well as heightened

anxiety.

8.8 Impaired Self-Concept:

A young person's sense of self-worth might be badly impacted when their

personal actions (such as watching pornographic media) are at odds with the

teachings of their religion. They may have the perception that they are not meeting

the requirements of their religious beliefs, which can result in a decline in their sense

of self-esteem and self-worth. According to Francoeur, Rivaux, and Leanza (2019),

this can contribute further to feelings of isolation as well as despair and anxiety.

Self-concept and the Consumption of Pornography Self-concept is the individual's

perception of themselves, which is generated and impacted by the individual's

experiences, interactions, and received messages from society (Marsh, 2007).

Pornography consumption has been shown to have a negative effect on self-concept.

The messages that can be gleaned from pornographic content might warp the self-

concept of young Muslim men and women if they are exposed to the environment of

pornography consumption. This distortion can emerge in a variety of ways.

Body Image Dissatisfaction: An important aspect that is impacted is the individual's

impression of their own body, which frequently results in feelings of dissatisfaction

and a poor body image. When pornography is watched on a consistent basis, it can

lead individuals to compare their bodies to those that are shown in the media, which

can result in unhealthy comparisons being drawn between the two. According to
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Grabe, Ward, and Hyde (2008), this might result in the individual experiencing

emotions of inadequacy, which in turn can have an effect on their self-esteem and

general self-concept.

8.9 Sexual Self-Concept:

The individual's sexual self-concept, which includes their perception of

themselves as a sexual being, is also susceptible to unfavorable influence and can be

negatively affected as a result of these factors. In light of the restrictive attitudes

towards sexuality that are prevalent in many Muslim communities, engaging in the

consumption of pornography can result in emotions of guilt, humiliation, and

uncertainty. This is especially true for young Muslims. According to Lamb, Graling,

and Lustig (2013), an internal struggle like this can result in a negative sexual self-

concept.

A Person's Value Is Determined by How Sexually Desirable They Are: Pornography

frequently reduces the human body to an object and ties an individual's value to how

sexually desirable they are. This could encourage young individuals, particularly

those who regularly consume pornography, to believe that their self-worth is reliant

on their sexual attractiveness. This is especially true for those young people who

watch pornography regularly. According to Zurbriggen, Ramsey, and Jaworski

(2011), having such an understanding can have a major impact on a person's

self-esteem and overall self-concept, as well as contribute to a variety of mental

health problems.

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8.10 Damage to Faith:

People's moral, social, and personal view of the world are profoundly influenced by

their religious faith, particularly in Islam. This is especially true of Muslims. The

religious teachings of modesty, sexual appropriateness, and high moral standards

frequently come into conflict with the explicit and frequently demeaning images in

pornography, which can result in cognitive dissonance, guilt, and spiritual turmoil

among young Muslims.

8.11 Cognitive dissonance:

It is described as "the psychological discomfort one feels when their actions or beliefs

conflict with their existing values or perceived self-image" (Festinger, 1957). This

phrase refers to the psychological discomfort one feels when their actions or beliefs

contradict with their existing values or perceived self-image. It's possible that Muslim

children and teenagers who see pornographic video will go through a period of great

inner turmoil as they try to reconcile their Islamic beliefs with the temptation of

explicit sexual content. This dissonance can become even more pronounced if the

individual continues to use pornography despite being aware that doing so goes

against the teachings of their faith, which can result in increased levels of tension and

worry.

Guilt and Shame: Guilt and shame are common emotions that people experience

when they believe they have violated their own moral or religious standards. As a

result of the fact that the majority of Islamic interpretations regard watching explicit

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sexual content to be a sinful act, Muslim youth who consume pornography may

experience intense feelings of guilt and shame. According to Tangney, Stuewig, and

Mashek (2007), failing to confront these feelings can have negative repercussions for

a person's mental health as well as their spiritual well-being.

Muslim children and adolescents who are involved with pornography frequently face

significant internal conflicts. These battles are complicated and multidimensional,

including a wide spectrum of emotional, psychological, and religious obstacles.

These obstacles can be difficult for people of many faiths. As was noted earlier, guilt

and shame are among of the most typical emotional responses that are associated with

pornography usage among those who adhere to a religious belief system. When they

watch or listen to pornographic material, young Muslims who adhere to religious

teachings that encourage sexual purity and modesty frequently experience intense

feelings of guilt and humiliation. These feelings might be made worse by the fact that

their activities are conducted in secret, which can ultimately lead to a severe sense of

failing on a spiritual level.

Spiritual Doubt and Questioning: The cognitive dissonance that Muslim

youngsters feel, which is the mismatch between their religious beliefs and conduct,

can lead to religious doubt and questioning on a spiritual level. They could start to

wonder if the teachings of their faith around sexuality and modesty are still relevant

and applicable in today's world. This can lead to a more widespread crisis of faith, in

which the individual questions the function and significance of their religious beliefs

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in their daily lives.

8.12 Disconnection from the Divine:

The feelings of guilt, humiliation, and self-condemnation that are linked with the

consumption of pornography can cause Muslim youngsters to feel as though they are

divorced from their faith and the Divine. They can believe that they are undeserving

of the love and mercy of God, which would result in a sense of spiritual alienation for

them. This sense of isolation can lead to a decreased engagement in religious

practices like prayer and going to the mosque, which can further exacerbate feelings

of spiritual alienation.

Inadequate Religious Identity:

Many young Muslims place a high priority on developing a robust religious identity

as an essential component of their whole sense of self. Pornography consumption, on

the other hand, can result in cognitive dissonance and spiritual problems, both of

which can considerably undermine a person's sense of religious identity. They might

get the impression that they are being hypocritical and fake, which would result in a

reduced sense of religious identity.It is necessary to use a caring, non-judgmental

approach that incorporates both religious teachings and psychiatric treatment in order

to address these spiritual challenges. In order for Muslim kids to be able to freely

share their issues, alleviate their feelings of guilt and shame, and nurture spiritual

development, it is necessary for religious leaders, mental health specialists, and

community members to create safe spaces. To assist these people in reestablishing

their connection with their faith, it is vital for the religion of Islam to place a strong

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emphasis on the concepts of God's mercy and forgiveness.

8.13 Strategies to Restore Damaged Faith

It is necessary to take a multi-pronged, compassionate strategy in order to

alleviate the negative impacts of pornographic media consumption on the religious

identity and faith of Muslim children and adolescents. These solutions are intended to

help address the emotional anguish, feelings of guilt, and issues with their spirituality

that are experienced by these individuals.

8.14 Encouraging Open Dialogue:

The absence of open dialogue on the topic within religious communities is one

of the most major impediments to resolving the influence that pornography has on

faith. One solution to this problem is to encourage open dialogue. It may be helpful

for Muslim youth to feel less alone and more inclined to seek care if within safe

places they are encouraged to engage in open, judgment-free conversations regarding

pornography. Religious leaders, parents, teachers, and mental health professionals

who have been trained in cultural sensitivity are all good candidates to facilitate

dialogues of this nature.

Education in Religion: Providing young people with an education in religion that

is both accurate and thorough can help them grasp the teachings of their faith

regarding sexuality and morality. Young Muslims can have a well-informed grasp of

the stance that their faith takes on pornography if they are provided with lessons that

are both straightforward and nuanced regarding sexual conduct and morality in Islam.

With this newfound awareness, they will be better equipped to make educated
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decisions and will experience fewer of the negative emotions commonly linked with

pornographic media consumption, such as guilt and shame.

Support Groups: Support groups, particularly those that are rooted in the same

religious and cultural setting, can be of tremendous assistance to people who

participate in them. These groups have the potential to foster a feeling of community

and shared experience, enabling participants to share coping skills, discuss the

challenges they face, and offer support and encouragement to one another. These

support networks can also be created through online platforms, which provide

participants with the option of discussing sensitive topics in an anonymous setting for

those who are uncomfortable doing so in person.

Strengthening One's Resilience: Strengthening one's ability to bounce back from

adversity is an essential component of mending broken faith. In order to accomplish

this, one must work on developing a robust sense of self, bolstering coping

mechanisms, and improving problem-solving skills. The ability to navigate the

problems that are connected with the consumption of pornography, the ability to

tolerate pressure, and the ability to make decisions that are congruent with their

beliefs and values are all aided by resilience.

Incorporating Spirituality into Therapy: It has been shown that persons who

seek professional help can benefit tremendously from the incorporation of spirituality

into therapeutic interventions. Cognitive-behavioral therapists are able to include

religious ideas into treatment plans in order to address issues of guilt and low self-

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esteem as well as skewed perspectives. For instance, spiritual practices such as

prayer, meditation, and the reading of religious literature can be utilized as coping

techniques, and they can contribute to the process of holistic healing.

Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies: Strategies such as cognitive restructuring can

be very helpful in overcoming feelings of guilt and shame, as well as other negative

emotions. These methods can assist individuals in challenging and changing their

negative thought patterns, which in turn can promote a healthier self-concept as well

as a more sympathetic view of their spiritual journey.

Reconnecting with Religious Practices Participating in religious rituals on a

consistent basis, such as praying or reading religious texts, can offer solace and

direction when life is difficult. These rituals have the potential to serve as a constant

reminder of the grace and love that God has, thereby encouraging sentiments of

spiritual connectedness and assisting in the process of restoring shattered faith.

Groups of Peers to Support One Another Peer support groups, particularly those

for people who are coping with challenges that are similar to one another's, can be of

tremendous help. These organizations offer a forum in which members can discuss

their challenges, share their experiences, find support, and gain understanding.

Realizing that one is not the only one going through the difficulties they are

experiencing can help lessen feelings of isolation and aid to the restoration of faith.

Educational Workshops : The problem of pornography can be approached from

an Islamic point of view via educational workshops and seminars, which can assist

provide knowledge and direction to those who attend. These courses have the

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potential to contribute to the restoration of faith by educating young Muslim adults

about the possible dangers of pornography and by advocating an Islamic

understanding of sexuality and relationships.

Developing a Relationship with God: On a personal Level Encouraging the

growth of a relationship with God on a personal level is one way to assist in the

development of a feeling of spiritual safety. This relationship is not entirely

dependent on one's weaknesses or strengths but rather on the mercy and love that is

limitless that comes from God. This insight has the potential to be liberating and can

play an important part in mending broken faith.

Chapter 9. Effect on Social Relationships

The viewing of pornographic material and the accompanying cognitive dissonance

that it may produce can have a substantial impact on the social interactions of Muslim

children and adolescents. They may feel the need to hide their activities because they

are afraid of being judged or shunned, which can lead to increasing isolation as well

as damaged relationships with classmates and family members. In addition, people

may have trouble forging meaningful connections since pornography can lead to the

development of unreasonable expectations and a skewed concept of consent. This can

further contribute to feelings of loneliness and alienation (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009).

9.1 Distorted Perception of Intimacy

A person's conception and comprehension of what it means to be intimate can

be profoundly altered if they watch pornographic material, particularly at an

impressionable early age. This misconception can make it far more difficult to

develop meaningful relationships with other people. The depiction of sexual

behaviour in pornography is almost always devoid of any emotional connection,

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limiting it instead to a purely physical process. The actual closeness, emotional depth,

and communication that are essential components of good sexual relationships are

missing from this depiction. As a direct consequence of this, viewers of pornography,

in this case young Muslims, may start to perceive intimacy through the same limited

and skewed lens.

9.2 Absence of an Emotional Connection

The focus on the physical act that is prevalent in pornography may mislead

viewers into thinking that sexual intimacy does not call for an emotional connection

between the partners. This can lead to a lack of understanding of the emotional depth

and vulnerability that is involved in genuine intimacy, which makes it difficult for

them to create deep emotional relationships with their partners. As a result, this can

make genuine intimacy difficult for them to achieve.

The Commodification of Sex Pornography, in many instances, portrays sexual

activity as a commodity that can be obtained without regard for the psychological

well-being of the other partner in the sexual encounter. This can lead to the

development of an instrumental perspective of sex, in which the emphasis is placed

more on individual enjoyment as opposed to mutual consent, comfort, and pleasure.

Pornography rarely depicts the crucial aspect of communication between

couples, which is particularly concerning when it comes to permission, comfort

levels, and sexual wants. Because of this absence, people may be led to believe that

these kinds of dialogues are superfluous, which can result in confusion and

awkwardness in actual, face-to-face, personal interactions.

Incapacity to Distinguish Between Fantasy and Reality: The situations that are

portrayed in pornography are frequently quite removed from the realities that people

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face on a daily basis. In the event that these are taken for granted as the norm, it

might result in feelings of disillusionment and perplexity when real-life events do not

match the portrayals of idealized scenarios.

This skewed understanding of what constitutes closeness can do tremendous

damage to an individual's relationships with both themselves and with those around

them. It can result in feelings of unhappiness and loneliness, and in certain situations,

it can contribute to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.To

effectively address this problem, comprehensive sex education is required. This

education should place an emphasis on the emotional components of intimacy, the

significance of consent and communication, and the disparity between the

circumstances shown in pornography and those that occur in real-life relationships.

Counseling and therapy can also play an important part by providing a secure

environment in which individuals can investigate and make sense of their ideas and

emotions around intimate relationships.

9.3 Unrealistic Expectations

Pornography frequently portrays an exaggerated and skewed representation of

sex, body ideals, and relationship dynamics, which can contribute to the formation of

false expectations among those who consume the medium. Because of the possibility

that they would conflict with Muslim young people's cultural, religious, and personal

beliefs, these distortions can be especially detrimental to Muslim young people.

Appearance and Performance: The bodies that are represented in pornography

are often hypersexualized, and they symbolize ideals that are unrealistic and

frequently harmful. In a similar vein, pornographic sexual performances frequently

exaggerate sexual acts, which can lead viewers to have excessive expectations

regarding sexual endurance, enjoyment, and technique. It is possible for young

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individuals to develop emotions of inadequacy and low self-esteem as a direct

consequence of these unreasonable standards. As a result, people may engage in risky

activities, such as starvation diets or excessive exercise routines, in an attempt to

achieve these idealized but unrealistic body types.

Romantic Relationships: Relationships of a romantic nature are frequently

portrayed in pornography in an inaccurate manner, with an emphasis on physically

rather than emotional connection, dispute resolution, or mutual respect. Pornography

is notorious for this. This might skew young people's idea of what a healthy

relationship should look like, leading them to expect constant sexual availability,

quick sexual fulfilment, or to see violent or coercive actions as being normal. This

can have a negative impact on the development of healthy sexuality in young people.

Sexual Behaviour and Satisfaction: Pornography frequently leaves out crucial

facets of sexual interactions, such as negotiating, consenting, and making use of

protection, although these are all important components of sexual behavior. In

addition, it frequently suggests that engaging in sexual activity would invariably

result in a high level of pleasure and contentment for all persons involved. This can

cause young consumers to expect identical experiences, not realizing that real-life

sexual encounters are vastly different from those portrayed and are frequently not as

fluid or faultless as they are depicted.

The consumption of content that persistently departs from a person's

fundamental values and beliefs can result in cognitive dissonance and perplexity.

This can have an effect on a person's personal values. The expectations that are set by

pornography can directly contradict the lessons that Muslims have about modesty,

sexuality, and relationships. This can cause Muslim children and adolescents to

experience inner turmoil and may even cause them to question their faith.

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These irrational expectations can have a significant impact on an individual's

mental health as well as their interactions with other people. Anxiety, sadness, and

body dysmorphic disorders are just some of the mental health conditions that can be

exacerbated by experiences of inadequacy, disappointment, and perplexity. On the

other hand, erroneous notions about intimacy and relationships might hinder an

individual's capacity to develop connections that are not only healthy but also

meaningful.To effectively address this problem, a comprehensive strategy that takes

into account education, communication, and societal shifts is required. Young people

can benefit from receiving correct information about their bodies, sexual activities,

and relationships through the implementation of comprehensive sexual education. In

addition, having open conversation within families about these topics can be helpful

in dispelling myths and establishing expectations that are in line with reality. Last but

not least, a change in society is required in order to foster more diverse and realistic

depictions of bodies, sexuality, and relationships in the media.

9.4 Erosion of Trust

The viewing of pornographic material can frequently cause a significant loss of

trust in interpersonal relationships, particularly romantic ones. This is especially true

when the viewer is an adult. This erosion of trust can be caused by a variety of

factors, such as the secrecy that is frequently connected with pornography use, the

potential for emotional detachment from a partner, and the possibility of shifts in

sexual expectations and behaviors. These consequences may be magnified for young

Muslims as a result of cultural and religious demands around modesty and fidelity.

Secrecy and Deception: Due to the forbidden nature of pornography in many

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cultures and religions, including Islam, individuals may watch pornography in private

and lie about it to their spouses, parents, or peers. This is because pornography is

considered immoral in these cultures and religions. This covert activity can create

major harm to relationships when it is discovered, leading to emotions of betrayal,

hurt, and mistrust (Daneback, Traeen, & Mnsson, 2009). When this behavior is

secretive, it can bring significant harm to relationships.

Emotional Withdrawal: Emotional Withdrawal In some cases, frequent

exposure to pornography can result in an individual emotionally withdrawing

themselves from a romantic partner. It is possible for individuals to begin comparing

their partners with the unrealistic standards set by pornography, which can lead to

discontent and a disconnect in their emotional lives. According to Bridges, Bergner,

and Henson-McInnis (2003), their partners may feel ignored, unattractive, or

unwanted as a result of this detachment, which contributes to a further erosion of trust

in the relationship.

Alterations in Sexual Behavior : The intake of pornography can cause

alterations in sexual expectations and behaviour, which can be detrimental to trust.

According to Sun, Bridges, Johnson, and Ezzell (2016), when one partner insists on

copying actions seen in pornographic video without the other partner's approval or

comfort, it can produce a sense of anxiety, uneasiness, and mistrust in the

relationship.

Aspects of Culture and Religion: The act of viewing sexually explicit content

is frowned upon in Islam and is considered a sin. Because of this, Muslim youngsters

who engage in the consumption of pornography may have the feeling that they are

not only betraying their partners but also their faith. According to Abdalla (2017),

this can result in feelings of self-induced guilt as well as a fear of getting detected,

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both of which can put a strain on relationships and diminish trust.

Rebuilding trust in these kinds of situations may be a difficult process that calls for

honest dialogue, empathy, and, if necessary, the assistance of a trained expert.

Couples counseling or family therapy can give a secure environment in which to have

these conversations, gain an understanding of each other's points of view, and work

toward reestablishing trust. It is also vital to promote complete sexual education as

well as open discussions regarding pornography in order to prevent people from

having unreasonable expectations and to promote healthy sexual habits.

9.5 Isolation

The consumption of pornography can have substantial psychological effects,

one of which is social isolation, particularly among young Muslim adults and

children. This isolation can show in a variety of ways, including the individual's

choice to isolate themselves owing to feelings of guilt and shame, as well as the

individual's perception of rejection from their friends, family, and the religious

community.

Self imposed isolation: The cognitive dissonance that results from seeing

pornography, which contains information that is in striking contradiction to Islamic

teachings on modesty and chastity, can lead Muslim teenagers to experience extreme

feelings of guilt and shame (Yucel & Gassanov, 2010). This can lead to self-imposed

isolation. They may believe that by isolating themselves they are protecting their

loved ones from their'sinful' activities or that they are not worthy of their company.

This can be a negative mood that drives someone to self-isolation as a coping

method.

A Perceived Rejection from Peers and a Fear of Being Ostracized: People who

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live in countries where the consumption of pornography is stigmatized, particularly

within religious communities, may have the experience of feeling rejected by their

peers or fear that they will be stigmatized. According to Grubbs, Sessoms, Wheeler,

and Volk (2010), this anxiety can create a barrier that prevents individuals from

seeking support or admitting the difficulties they are facing, which in turn contributes

to feelings of isolation in those individuals.

Disconnect from Faith Community: Given the importance that is put on moral

conduct in Islam, Muslim children who participate in activities that are considered

'haram' or unlawful (such as viewing pornography) may feel a growing estrangement

from their faith community. This may be the case because of the Islamic emphasis on

moral behaviour. They could decide to keep their distance from religious events or

gatherings in order to escape the uncomfortable feelings of hypocrisy or judgment

(Abdalla, 2017). This would only serve to make their sense of isolation even more

profound.

Impact on relationships: The secrecy, emotional withdrawal, and altering

sexual behaviors that are connected with pornography usage, as was noted

previously, can also add to a sense of isolation. This is an effect that can have a

negative impact on relationships. According to Bridges, Bergner, and Hesson-

McInnis (2003), when trust in a relationship deteriorates and communication breaks

down, the individual may feel as though they are becoming increasingly alone,

misunderstood, and detached from their partners or family.

Taking on the challenge of isolating people demands an approach with

multiple

facets. It is possible to help reduce the stigma that is connected with pornography by

encouraging open and non-judgmental conversations about the subject. This will
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make it simpler for individuals to seek support. Counseling and counseling, on an

individual as well as a family level, can create a secure environment in which feelings

can be expressed and relationships that have been destroyed can be repaired. It is also

important for communities of religion to also play a part in the fight against the

negative effects of pornography by working to increase awareness, acceptance, and

spiritual support for individuals affected.

9.6 Implications for Potential Future Marriages and Relationships

It is possible for the impacts of pornography consumption in adolescence to

transcend into a person's future marriage relationships, creating substantial obstacles

for persons who are Muslim. In this dynamic, there are a number of elements that

play a part. Some of these aspects include having high expectations, having warped

notions of sexual conduct and intimacy, and maybe being addicted to pornography.

Unrealistic Standards of Beauty: pornography frequently displays unrealistic

standards of beauty, sexual performance, and behavior, which can lead to distorted

expectations. Pornography is also known to produce skewed expectations. These can

leak into future marital relationships, where people may expect their wives to adhere

to these unreasonable expectations (Stewart & Szymanski, 2012). These kinds of

expectations can lead to unhappiness, tension, and even conflict within a married

couple's relationship.

Distorted Perception of Intimacy: As a result of its predominant emphasis on

sexual gratification, pornography frequently glosses over the psychological and

spiritual facets of intimacy, which can result in an incorrect understanding of what it

means to be sexually close to another person. This erroneous image could influence

how individuals approach intimacy in their marriage partnerships, which can lead to

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unfavorable outcomes in such relationships. According to Bridges and Morokoff

(2011), this can lead to an inaccurate perception of the closeness that exists inside a

marriage, as well as dissatisfaction on the part of both individuals. It's possible that

they place a lower priority on emotionally connecting with others and a higher

priority on their sexual performance.

Potential for Addiction: The fact that pornography has the ability to become

addictive is a major cause for concern. When a person is younger, they are more

susceptible to developing a dependent on pornography, which can follow them into

their adult lives and even into their marriages. This dependence can result in neglect

of the spouse, tension within the marriage, and even adultery in some situations

(Perry, 2017).

Decline Of Trust: Trust Deterioration As was said earlier, the covert nature of

pornography viewing can contribute to a decline in the level of trust that exists in

interpersonal interactions. According to Bridges et al. (2003), when an individual

continues to consume pornography covertly inside a marital relationship, it can lead

to emotions of betrayal and erosion of trust, which in turn affects the partnership's

stability.

Encouragement of preventative actions as well as therapeutic interventions is

called for in order to mitigate the potential adverse effects on subsequent marriage

relationships. Individuals can benefit from having open dialogues regarding

pornography and its impacts, as well as receiving thorough sexual education, in order

to establish more realistic expectations for and comprehensions of intimate

relationships. Individuals and couples may find that engaging in counseling or

therapy, particularly couples counseling, can provide them with platforms from

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which to manage these problems. If religious teachings provide an emphasis on the

necessity of trust, communication, and mutual respect in relationships, this can also

create a solid foundation for effective marital relationships.

Chapter 10. Empirical Framework

In order to provide an explanation for the phenomenon being investigated, an

empirical framework draws on research and data gleaned from observations. It is

vital, while discussing the effect of pornography on Muslim kids in the United States,

to discuss the empirical data that supports the theoretical concerns that have already

been mentioned. These theoretical considerations include cognitive, socio-cultural,

moral, and religious perspectives. These theoretical foundations would serve as the

basis for the empirical framework, which would be built utilizing empirical research

derived from scholarly sources.

10.1 Effects on Mental Health

The viewing of pornographic material can have a substantial negative impact

on an individual's mental health, and this is especially true for teenagers and young

adults who are still in the formative years of their sexual development and identity

formation. Numerous empirical studies lend credence to this assertion by

demonstrating a correlation between regular exposure to pornography and elevated

levels of anxiety and sadness, as well as a reduction in one's sense of self-worth

(Hald, Malamuth, & Yuen, 2010).

When it comes to Muslim children and adolescents, these problems with their mental

health may be further complicated by emotions of guilt and shame. This is because of

the apparent contrast between the explicit and sometimes objectifying sexual nature

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of pornography and the values and morals dictated by their faith, which encourage

modesty and forbid premarital sexual activity. This dichotomy derives from the fact

that pornographic content is often sexually objectifying, and because pornographic

content is typically explicit.

Cognitive dissonance is a condition of mental discomfort that results from holding

two or more contradicting beliefs, values, or attitudes. This state of mental discomfort

can make symptoms of anxiety and depression worse. According to Kraus and

Rosenberg (2016), people who consume pornography may find themselves in a

never-ending battle with themselves as they try to square their activities (such as

watching pornography) with their moral and religious convictions.

In addition, pornography has the potential to stimulate addictive patterns of behavior,

which are frequently referred to as "problematic pornography use" or "compulsive

sexual behavior disorder" (Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016). This involves a pattern

of persistent and increasing use of pornography in spite of unfavorable consequences,

such as reduced control over use, prioritizing use over other activities, and continuing

to use despite experiencing psychological distress. In addition to that, this can be a

factor in the deterioration of a person's mental health.

In order to adequately address these mental health issues, a comprehensive strategy is

required, one that incorporates not just mental health experts but also religious

leaders and the general population. The management of these mental health concerns

and the navigation of the cognitive dissonance can be made easier with the assistance

of therapy and counseling, which may include the integration of cognitive-behavioral

treatments. In addition, having honest dialogues about pornography, sexual health,

and the teachings of Islam regarding these topics can go a long way toward relieving

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feelings of guilt and shame. These conversations should be nonjudgmental and

transparent.

Anxiety and Depression: According to the findings of a number of different

empirical investigations, pornographic content consumption is associated with

increased levels of both anxiety and depression (Hald, Malamuth, & Yuen, 2010). A

heightened state of fear and anguish can result from pornographic media's unrealistic

depictions of sexuality and romantic relationships, as well as the potential for

concealment and guilt connected with pornographic media consumption. This

persistent anxiety can, over time, morph into sadness, which is especially likely to

occur when individuals come to the realization that they are unable to live up to the

irrational standards that are established by pornography or control the amount of time

they spend consuming it. This anguish can be made worse for Muslim children and

adolescents by the feelings of guilt and shame that come along with viewing stuff that

is in direct opposition to their religious ideals and principles.

Low Self-Esteem: Pornography frequently offers distorted physical images and

exaggerated sexual performances, leading viewers to compare themselves

unfavorably with these unattainable standards. This can lead to low levels of self-

esteem. As a consequence of this, individuals may suffer from low self-esteem and

dissatisfaction with their bodies, which can result in additional mental health

concerns such as anxiety, depression, and eating disorders (Zillmann, 2000). This

worry can be especially prominent among young Muslim women and men, who may

have to contend not just with the beauty standards of the mainstream culture but also

with the beauty standards and expectations of their own cultural traditions.

Cognitive Dissonance: The consumption of pornography by Muslim teenagers

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may result in a state of cognitive dissonance, which is a psychological state of tension

that happens when an individual maintains two contradictory ideas or behaviors. In

this situation, participating in pornographic entertainment runs counter to the Islamic

principles of modesty, chastity, and respect for oneself and others. This state of

dissonance can lead to a significant amount of mental distress, which has the

potential to contribute to anxiety, despair, and low self-esteem.

Guilt and shame: Guilt and shame are both emotional responses that are

commonly connected with actions that are thought to be immoral or wicked. Guilt

and shame are typically felt in response to one's own behavior. These feelings may

become more intense for young Muslims who consume pornography as a result of the

explicit warnings against inappropriate sexual activity found in Islam. Individuals

may turn back to pornography as a maladaptive coping mechanism to manage these

distressing feelings (Grubbs, Sessoms, Wheeler, & Volk, 2010). This can potentially

lead to a cycle of increased pornography use as individuals may turn to pornography

as a way to manage these distressing feelings. Over time, these persistent feelings of

guilt and shame can have detrimental effects on mental health.

10.2 Effects on Body Image and Sexual Performance Expectations

Porn has a significant influence on both the way people view their bodies and

their expectations of their sexual performance. These aspects have been subjected to a

considerable amount of investigation in study, and the findings imply that persistent

exposure to pornography leads to severe distortions in both domains (Morgan, 2011).

In light of the hypersexualized and frequently unrealistic depictions of bodies and

sexual activity prevalent in pornography, these distortions can have significant

repercussions, in particular for Muslim children and adolescents living in the United

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States.

Body Image: Image of the Body The majority of pornographic images depict

idealized body types, with men being portrayed as being muscular and women

frequently portrayed as being slender but having sensuous figures. The prevalence of

such bodies in pornographic video might impact viewers' conceptions of what is

"normal" or "desirable," leading them to have feelings of dissatisfaction with their

own bodies. This can happen because pornographic content is so pervasive. The

internalization of these erroneous body norms can heighten feelings of discontent

with one's body for Muslim youth, who may already be navigating complicated
issues

linked to identity and self-perception in a culture in which they may feel excluded or

'different.' These sentiments of dissatisfaction with one's body can make it more

difficult for Muslim youth to feel comfortable in their own skin. This dissatisfaction

can subsequently translate into a variety of undesirable results, including a drop in

self-esteem, an increase in self-consciousness, and in extreme circumstances, the

development of eating disorders (Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008).

Sexual Performance Expectations:In addition to depicting bodies that are

idealized, pornography frequently portrays sexual activity as being performance-

oriented, unnaturally protracted, and profoundly enjoyable. These ideas are presented

with the depiction of idealized bodies. As a consequence of this, frequent viewers of

pornography may develop erroneous expectations regarding sexual performance.

They may begin to equate sexual prowess with the exaggerated and frequently

mechanically focused performances observed in pornography. According to Park,

Doan, and Rashad (2019), having expectations that are too high might lead to

performance anxiety, decreased sexual satisfaction, and difficulties in interpersonal

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relationships.

These unattainable standards of success can be especially challenging for young

Muslims. When it comes to matters pertaining to one's sexuality, the teachings of

Islam place a great focus on modesty, respect, and love. The cognitive dissonance

that might result from the discrepancy between these teachings and the performance-

oriented sexual behaviors that are represented in pornography is something that needs

to be avoided. This dissonance can lead to increased anxiety and stress, which may

potentially exacerbate the performance anxiety that may result from seeing

pornographic material.

Comprehensive sexuality education, which gives a vision of bodies and sexual

interactions that is both realistic and balanced, is required in order to offset the

harmful effects of these outcomes. This instruction can assist Muslim youth manage

the conflicting messages that come from pornography and their cultural and religious

traditions, leading to healthier conceptions of their bodies and sexuality.

In addition, receiving support for one's mental health can be an important factor in

mitigating any emotional anguish that may be the result of having skewed

perceptions of something. Individuals can create a more positive self-perception and

more realistic sexual expectations with the assistance of counselors and therapists

who can provide techniques to handle emotions of body dissatisfaction and

performance anxiety.

10.3 Effects on Perceptions of Consent

Studies have demonstrated that exposure to pornography can change

conceptions of consent, with frequent consumers being more likely to embrace rape

myths and exhibit sexually aggressive behavior (Foubert, Brosi, & Bannon, 2011).

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Studies have also indicated that frequent consumers are more likely to engage in

sexually aggressive behavior. This distortion might put Muslim children and

adolescents in a position where their religious teachings about respect and consent are

in direct opposition to the behaviors that they have picked up from pornography.

Misconceptions about Consent: Misconceptions Regarding Consent The use of

pornography on a consistent basis might lead to erroneous assumptions regarding the

nature of consent. (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010) Many

sequences in pornographic media involve implicit or even forced assent, typically

romanticizing non-consensual or coercive sexual settings. Pornographic material also

features many scenes that entail forced consent. As a consequence of this, viewers,

particularly impressionable young people, could be led to believe that permission is

something that can be assumed, coerced, or even unnecessary. This presents a

significant challenge since it runs counter to the fundamental concept that permission

should never be implied, that it should be given with enthusiasm, and that it should be

possible to revoke it at any time.

Dissolving Boundaries: A large number of pornographic images depict

scenarios in which individuals push the boundaries of their partners, frequently

without the explicit consent of the partner or even in the face of the partner's evident

discomfort or refusal. This gives the message that not only is it acceptable to breach

boundaries in sexual circumstances, but that doing so is also something to strive

towards. According to Foubert, Brosi, and Bannon (2011), this can lead to viewers

acquiring incorrect ideas about the respect for personal boundaries in sexual

interactions, which could potentially lead to unhealthy or even hazardous behaviors.

Implications for Young Muslims The problem of mistaken conceptions of

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consent can be especially difficult for young Muslims to deal with. Within the

context of interpersonal relationships, Islam places a significant emphasis on respect,

decency, and mutual agreement. The depiction of consent in pornography can create

cognitive dissonance and confusion when juxtaposed with these teachings because of

the considerable contrast between the two. The psychological strain that these young

people are under can be made worse by the fact that they feel guilty about reading

content that is in conflict with their religious beliefs.

It is absolutely necessary to include conversations about consent in sex education if

one hopes to correct these misconceptions. Young people, including young Muslims,

need to have a better understanding of the complexities of consent and the ways in

which pornography misrepresents it. Interventions from therapists can also be

required for those people whose lives have been seriously disrupted by these skewed

perspectives.

In addition to this, it is essential to promote an atmosphere in which open

conversation regarding these matters is the norm. It is common for young people to

be prevented from getting help or expressing their bewilderment and concerns about

what they have seen in pornographic material by the shame or stigma associated with

the topic. The creation of a secure environment in which these conversations can take

place can be beneficial in dispelling myths, addressing misconceptions, and

emphasizing the significance of respect and consent in sexual relationships.

10.4 Impact on life satisfactions

The mental and emotional anguish that might be brought on by seeing

pornographic material on a regular basis can have a severe impact on overall life

pleasure. According to research conducted by Peter and Valkenburg (2009), there is

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an inverse association between the consumption of pornographic media and levels of

life happiness. This relationship is mediated by levels of self-esteem and the quality

of interpersonal relationships.

These possible implications shed even more light on the importance of taking

preventative action and engaging in interventions. It is essential to offer Muslim

children with all-encompassing sexuality education that takes into account the facts

of pornography and the potential ramifications of viewing it. Cognitive-behavioral

therapies can be helpful in the management of any existing problems that are

associated to the consumption of pornography, such as feelings of inadequacy, low

self-esteem, and difficulties in relational functioning.

Moreover, incorporating religious ideas into these treatments could be good for

Muslim youth, as it would assist them in bringing their religious beliefs and their

behaviors into harmony with one another. To ensure that the young people feel heard,

understood, and valued throughout these conversations, it is important that they be

held in a manner that is neither judgmental nor supportive.

Relational Dissatisfaction: Frequent use of pornography frequently portrays a

skewed vision of relationships, focusing disproportionately on physical features while

mostly ignoring emotional bonding, mutual respect, and shared experiences, which

form the cornerstone of healthy partnerships. This can lead to feelings of

dissatisfaction in one's personal relationships. This may cause viewers, particularly

impressionable young people, to prioritize physicality above emotional connection,

which may lead to dissatisfaction in real-life relationships where emotional bonding

and mutual respect play key roles (Perry, 2019). This may be especially problematic

for viewers who are particularly vulnerable to the influence of media. This is

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especially true for young Muslims, who, in accordance with Islamic beliefs, are

typically instructed to place a high importance on emotional connections as well as

mutual respect within romantic partnerships.

Sexual dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction in Sexual Relationships Because

pornography typically depicts sexual situations and performances that are unrealistic,

it has the ability to induce viewers to have sexual expectations that are not matched

with reality, which can lead to feelings of sexual dissatisfaction. According to Sun,

Bridges, Johnson, and Ezzell (2016), when an individual's expectations regarding

their sexual experiences in real life are not met, it might result in feelings of

unhappiness as well as inadequacy on their part. It is possible that Muslim

adolescents would have extreme sexual dissatisfaction as a result of the disparity

between the expectations fostered by pornography and the actual sexual experiences

they will have once they are married. This is especially likely to be the case for those

Muslim youth who refrain from having sexual relations prior to marriage according

to their religious beliefs. This is more likely to be the case for young Muslim men and

women who do not engage in sexual activity before marriage.

Overall Life Dissatisfaction: unhappiness with One's Overall Life The

cumulative consequences of relational and sexual unhappiness, in addition to the

possible adverse effects on one's mental health, can all contribute to a decline in one's

overall level of content with life. There is a reported association between chronic

pornography use and decreasing levels of life satisfaction, as stated by Peter and

Valkenburg (2009).

To lessen the severity of these effects, a holistic strategy is required. This strategy

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should involve extensive sexuality education, psychoeducation, therapy, and open

conversations about the possible dangers of pornographic media. Faith-based

counseling and the implementation of Islamic teachings about good relationships

could be beneficial, in particular for Muslim youngsters.

Chapter 11. History of Pornography

Since the beginning of human society, pornography has been present in many

forms. Archaeological discoveries from ancient civilizations, such as the erotic

frescoes of Pompeii, the explicit pottery of the Moche civilization in Peru, or the

sexual scenes shown on ancient Greek vases, all indicate that explicit sexual imagery

has long held a place of importance within human history. According to Kendrick

(1996), these images, much like modern pornography, frequently featured distorted or

idealized representations of the human body and sexual activities.

One of the most important turning points in the development of pornography

occurred in the 15th century with the introduction of the printing press. Erotic

literature, which had previously been the domain of the educated few, was able to be

produced and disseminated in large quantities thanks to this development. According

to Peakman (2003), one of the earliest examples of a pornographic novel is the

infamous "Fanny Hill," also known as "Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure," which

was published in England in 1748.

The 19th century was the beginning of the age of photography, and the early 20th

century was the beginning of the age of moving pictures. Both of these developments

resulted in the creation of new types of pornographic content. In spite of the attempts

that were made to ban them, pornographic films and images were freely distributed,

albeit in an underground manner.

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The introduction of the internet in the latter half of the 20th century brought about the

most significant change in terms of how easily pornography could be accessed, how

much it cost, and how anonymous users could remain. The internet offered a medium

for the dissemination of pornographic content that was essentially unregulated and

had the potential to be viewed by people all over the world. According to Attwood

(2005), pornographic websites currently draw in millions of viewers on a daily basis,

which results in the industry generating billions of dollars in income each year.

On the other hand, due to the increasing accessibility of pornography, it has also

reached an audience that is significantly younger. Concern has been raised, and study

is still being done in this area, regarding the potential psychological and sexual

repercussions that could result from children and adolescents being exposed to

graphic sexual information at such an early age.

Chapter 12. Pornography among the Youths

According to a number of studies, there is a significant amount of pornography

viewing among young adults and teenagers. According to findings from a poll

conducted in 2008 by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 38% of

boys and 17% of girls aged 12-17 had viewed pornographic material in the previous

year. The high frequency of pornography use among young people can be linked to a

number of variables, including the desire for sexual pleasure, an interest in sex, and

the influence of peers, among other things. As was mentioned earlier in this book,

being exposed to pornography during these formative years can have substantial

psychological, emotional, and behavioral repercussions. It is important to remember

that this can have a considerable impact on all three of these areas.

The arrival of the digital age has greatly magnified the younger generation's exposure

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to pornography, making it more prevalent than ever before. According to the findings

of a huge number of studies, a significant proportion of adolescents and young adults

have engaged in pornographic behavior at some point in their life. According to

Braun-Courville and Rojas (2009), this early exposure to adult sexual conduct can be

linked to a number of factors, including a natural curiosity about sexuality, the

influence of peers, and the ease of access and anonymity offered by the internet.

The depiction of sexually unrealistic conduct and objectified body pictures in

pornography has the potential to warp the perspectives that young people have of

sexuality, romantic relationships, and their own bodies. This distortion can express

itself in a variety of ways, including the development of sexual expectations that are

not realistic, the promotion of unhealthy body image ideals, and misunderstandings

regarding the nature of consent and sexual assault (Rothman et al., 2015). In addition,

continuous use of pornography can lead to addiction, which can have a variety of

unfavorable consequences, including a deterioration in academic performance, social

isolation, and other psychological problems.

In addition, research reveals that pornography usage might impact sexual behavior

among teenagers. Correlations have been discovered between pornography use and

early sexual activity, many sexual partners, and non-consensual sex (Peter &

Valkenburg, 2016). This research suggests that pornography use can influence sexual

behavior among adolescents.

A comprehensive sexual education program that addresses the potential consequences

of pornography and promotes a healthy view of sexuality and relationships is

urgently needed as a result of the increasing frequency of pornography usage among

young people.

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Chapter 13. Islamic View on Pornography

The Islamic Perspective on Pornography In Islam, the viewing of pornographic

material is greatly frowned upon. It teaches restraint, modesty, and respect for the

sanctity of marriage and sexual relations. It also teaches respect for the sanctity of the

family. Pornographic media consumption is in direct opposition to these teachings

and has the potential to induce emotions of shame as well as cognitive dissonance in

young Muslims. In addition, Islamic teachings stress the significance of regulating

one's gaze and avoiding information that is sexually explicit, which further

emphasizes the stance that Islam takes against pornography (Mazrui, 2007).

This prohibition extends to any and all forms of explicit sexual content, not only

commercial pornography, thus it should be clear that pornography of any kind is

strictly forbidden in Islam. According to Ali (2003), this restriction is in accordance

with the Islamic values of modesty (haya), self-restraint (sabr), and respect for the

sacredness of marriage (nikah) and sexual relations (muhassanat).

Pornography runs counter to these values because it reduces people to mere objects,

encourages unchaperoned sexual encounters, and devalues the sanctity of married

partnerships. According to Islamic beliefs, the act of watching or consuming

pornography is regarded to be sinful (haram). Muslims are exhorted to limit their

sight, as it is said in the Qur'an: "Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and be

modest" (24:30). Pornography is forbidden in Islam since it is believed to be a kind of

immoral behavior. This includes staying away from information that is sexually

explicit in any shape it may take (Ramadan, 2009).

It is possible for young Muslims who are exposed to pornography to experience

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cognitive dissonance and feelings of guilt because of the apparent contradiction

between their religious teachings and the messages that are expressed in pornographic

material. In addition to this, it has the ability to warp their view of healthy sexual

relationships and intimacy within the context of Islam, which further complicates

their personal and spiritual development (Baltazar, Helm, McBride, Hopkins, &

Stevens Jr, 2010).When seen from a communal standpoint, Islam lays a significant

emphasis on the welfare of the community, often known as the ummah. Because of

this, there is a substantial amount of worry from an Islamic point of view over the

effect that pornography has on relationships, families, and communities. According to

Mazrui (2007), pornography can contribute to marital discontent, adultery, and

erroneous conceptions of sex and intimacy, all of which are detrimental to the fabric

of the family, which is the foundation of Islamic culture.

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The Impact of Pornography on Muslim Youth in the USA

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