By
Dr. Yasser Abdelhamid
Programming languages
Programming paradigms
Introducing Java language
1. Java: The Complete Reference, Seventh
Ed., By H. Schildt, McGraw-Hill, 2006.
2. Course notes and slides.
3. http://www.w3schools.com
4. http://javatpoint.com
5. http://www.tutorialspoint.com
Programming : Is a technological process
for telling a computer which tasks to
perform in order to solve problems.
Programmers create instructions (code)
for a computer to follow in a language
computers can understand.
Computers only understand their language (
Machine language ).
It is hard for human beings (Programmers) to
read/write machine language.
Programmers need to write program
instructions in an understandable language
(English-like language).
With the help of a translator, we can translate
these programs into machine language.
Instead
of writing machine language
code, we write the program in the form of
symbols, then translate it into machine
code.
Programminglanguages that are
understandable by human beings
(programmers) are called high-level
programming languages.
Programming tools to translate programs
written in high-level language into
machine executable code.
Imperative programming
Structured programming
Procedural programming
Functional programming
Declarative programming
Object Oriented Programming
Procedural programming is a paradigm or
style of programming that consists of data
and modules/procedures that operate on
the data.
The two are treated as separate entities.
In the object-oriented programming (OOP)
paradigm, however, a program is built
from objects, which encapsulate data and
methods (functions).
Pascal, Basic, Fortran are examples of
procedural languages.
result = []
i=0
start:
numPeople = length(people)
if i >= numPeople goto finished
p = people[i]
nameLength = length(p.name)
if nameLength <= 5 goto nextOne
upperName = toUpper(p.name)
addToList(result, upperName)
nextOne:
i=i+1
goto start
finished:
return sort(result)
program myProgram;
var
a, b, c, min: integer;
procedure findMin(x, y, z: integer; var m: integer);
(* Finds the minimum of the 3 values *)
begin
if x < y then
m:= x
else
m:= y;
if z < m then
m:= z;
end; { end of procedure findMin }
begin
writeln(' Enter three numbers: ');
readln( a, b, c);
findMin(a, b, c, min); (* Procedure call *)
writeln(' Minimum: ', min);
end.
object-orientedprogramming is about
creating objects that contain both data
and methods.
Anything is an object.
An object can be described by its state
and its behavior.
A state is an attribute (data member).
A behavior is a method / (function).
Methods operate on the internal state of
an object and the
object-to-object communication is done
via messages (a method call).
A dog has states like color, name,
breed,…
A dog has behaviors like wagging the tail,
barking, eating.
An object is an instance of a Class.
A Class is a template/blueprint that describes the
behavior/state of the objects related to it.
When the individual objects are created, they inherit all
the variables and methods from their class.
public class Dog {
String breed;
int age;
String color;
void barking() {
}
void hungry() {
}
void sleeping() {
}
}
class Simple{
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello EELU");
}
}
To compile: javac Simple.java
To execute: java Simple
To compile: javac Simple.java
To execute: java Simple
When we compile the java file, we get a
.class (not an .exe).
This file contains java byte code which is
interpreted by JVM.
The machine language of the JVM.
Java Virtual Machine:
It is responsible for
loading, verifying
and executing the
code.
JVM is platform
dependent because
it is responsible for
converting the
bytecodes into the
native machine
language for a
specific
computer/machine.
Java Runtime Environment.
It contains the JVM, the library files and the
other supporting files.
To run a java program, the JRE must be
installed in the system.
JRE=JVM+ some packages.
Java Development Kit: It provides the
tools that we need to develop java
programs and JRE.
These tools contain javac.exe, java.exe
etc.
When we launch a java application, it will
open the JRE and load the class and then,
in turn, it will execute the main method.
JDK=JRE+ Development tools.
JDK JRE JVM
Dev.
Libs.
Tools
Can
we save a Java source file by another
name than the class name?
Yes, if the class is not public.
Canyou have multiple classes in a java
source file?
Yes.
Install JDK
Install IDE (NetBeans, VS Code)
Setup environment variables (PATH,…)
Having any problems, please contact TA.
