COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND

LOGIC DESIGN

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ROLL NO:
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 TASK 01

PIC18

Architecture Overview: The PIC18 architecture is based on the Harvard architecture with separate data and
instruction buses. It is a popular microcontroller architecture designed for embedded systems.
Key Features: RISC-like architecture, small instruction set, low-power consumption.

Atmel

Architecture Overview: Atmel produces a variety of microcontrollers and microprocessors. Common

architectures include AVR (8-bit), ARM (32-bit), and Atmel's own 32-bit AVR32.
Key Features: Diverse architecture offerings, low-power design, and integration into various embedded
systems.

IBM Power2

Architecture Overview: The IBM Power2 architecture is an older generation of the Power architecture
family. It was known for its scalability, used in mid-range and high-end servers.
Key Features: RISC architecture, multi-core support, used in IBM RS/6000 systems.

Itanium (IA-64)

Architecture Overview: Itanium is a 64-bit architecture developed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard (HP). It
aimed at high-performance computing but faced challenges and limited adoption.
Key Features: Explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC) architecture, VLIW design.

EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing)

Architecture Overview: EPIC is not a specific CPU but a design philosophy, prominently used in the
Itanium architecture. It emphasizes parallelism through instruction-level parallelism (ILP).
Key Features: Focus on parallelism, large instruction bundles, VLIW approach.

Intel i860

Architecture Overview: The Intel i860 is a RISC-based processor with SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple
Data) capabilities. It was designed for graphics and scientific computing.
Key Features: RISC architecture, vector processing, used in early parallel computing systems.

Transmeta Crusoe

Architecture Overview: Crusoe uses a VLIW design with a software-based approach for dynamic
instruction translation. It aimed for power efficiency in mobile devices.
Key Features: Code-morphing technology, focused on low power consumption.

StarCore (Lucent/Motorola)

Architecture Overview: StarCore is a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) architecture used in communication
and multimedia processing.
Key Features: Optimized for signal processing, SIMD architecture, used in Motorola and Lucent products.
TigerSHARC (ADI)

Architecture Overview: TigerSHARC is a DSP architecture developed by Analog Devices. It's designed
for high-performance signal processing applications.
Key Features: SIMD architecture, VLIW design, optimized for audio and video processing.

Infineon

Architecture Overview: Infineon produces various microcontroller architectures, including the TriCore (for
automotive applications) and XMC (for industrial applications).
Key Features: Diverse offerings for different applications, focus on automotive and industrial sectors.

TASK 2:
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND SPECIALIZED PROCESSORS EXAMPLES:

1. Smartphones: They contain multiple embedded systems for processing, communication, sensors, and
managing various functionalities like camera, GPS, etc.

2. Digital Cameras: Embedded systems manage image processing, autofocus, exposure control, and
storage.

3. Smart TVs: They employ embedded systems for video processing, connectivity, and running apps.

4. Wearable Devices: Smartwatches, fitness trackers, and health monitors utilize embedded systems for
data collection, analysis, and wireless communication.

5. Home Automation: Devices like smart thermostats, security cameras, and smart lights use embedded
systems for control and monitoring.

6. Automobiles: Cars have numerous embedded systems for engine control units (ECUs), ABS,
entertainment systems, and navigation.

7. ATMs and POS Terminals: Embedded systems manage transactions, security, and communication in
automated teller machines and point-of-sale systems.

8. Industrial Control Systems: Robots, CNC machines, and factory automation systems use embedded
systems for precise control and monitoring.

9. Medical Devices: Heart rate monitors, insulin pumps, and MRI machines use embedded systems for
data processing and control.

10. Smart Appliances: Refrigerators, washing machines, and ovens utilize embedded systems for
monitoring, control, and energy efficiency.

11. Traffic Lights: Embedded systems control traffic flow and timing at intersections.
12. Gaming Consoles: They rely on embedded systems for rendering graphics, processing game logic, and
managing user inputs.

13. Remote Controls: Used for TVs, air conditioners, and other devices, they contain embedded systems
for signal transmission and control.

14. Smart Energy Meters: Embedded systems measure and manage energy consumption in households.

15. Fitness Equipment: Treadmills, ellipticals, and stationary bikes use embedded systems for control and
monitoring.

16. GPS Devices: Navigation systems and location-based services rely on embedded systems for GPS
signal processing and data interpretation.

17. Electronic Door Locks: They use embedded systems for authentication and access control.

18. Elevator Control Systems: Embedded systems manage elevator operation, floor selection, and safety.

19. Electronic Cash Registers: Used in retail, they handle transactions, inventory, and sales data.

20. Digital Watches and Clocks: They incorporate embedded systems for timekeeping and additional
functionalities like alarms
and timers.

Task 3:
Name and Comment on Architecture of the
processor of your PC and Mobile

For Lenovo V14 G3 (PC)

Processor Core: Depending on the specific model, the Lenovo V14 G3 might use processors from Intel's
Core i3, i5, or i7 series, or possibly AMD Ryzen processors. These CPUs typically include multiple cores
and threads for improved multitasking and performance.
Memory: The PC might use DDR4 RAM, offering varying capacities based on the configuration, ranging
from 4GB to 16GB or more. The exact RAM capacity can vary based on the model and customization.
Architecture Overview: If it uses an Intel Core processor, it might belong to the Intel x86 (64-bit)
architecture, offering multiple cores for parallel processing. AMD Ryzen processors might utilize the
AMD64 architecture, also featuring multiple cores and efficient performance.

For Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime Pro (Mobile)

Processor Core: The Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime Pro might use processors like the Exynos 7570 or
Qualcomm Snapdragon 425, which are entry-level quad-core processors designed for power efficiency in
mobile devices.
Memory: Mobile devices often have integrated RAM (e.g., LPDDR3 or LPDDR4) ranging from 1GB to
2GB, allowing for smooth operation of apps and multitasking within the constraints of mobile power
consumption.
Architecture Overview: Exynos processors typically use ARM architecture, while Snapdragon processors
often employ ARM-based designs as well. These architectures are RISC-based and offer power-efficient
processing for mobile devices.