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Modular Arithmetics | PDF
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Modular Arithmetics

modular arithmetic handwritten notes

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
49 views31 pages

Modular Arithmetics

modular arithmetic handwritten notes

Uploaded by

nityaatria99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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| Bashi d at A implies b=kA wr) 8B S07 | Givisthtlity best Division algorithm thearen | Bates ere ao | ba (4 a = ba tx a WSaexells Guna (6 en a Ba = 66 4+ | Given two tn 1g 0018 aand » , there an and ith Hcut ae ba to nthe osreb Ths fp. fou os division algorithm. icin dani pat oor a Hind GcD 0 3 and Sy and express it iy the ) Ria BH = 3axt por SH Z + BP) = pe ale — 1 ay = o ae )3a(1 ea Ee) : a yo 908 = (oi Paap 20 { = +h—=2 45-8 D =a) 10( 5 ) =| $0 =A 7510 [ Sra > Bato: Page Ko; —= a= i(22)- 2(ie), a ese ace a 1 (a2) — 2( 32) +2(229 Bis (2) = 2 (32) = af itsu) - 16229) 2 (92) = s{sw) - 3(3a)— 2(327 = a(su) — 5 (38) 2 = 39(-5) + 5ulsd ear Ye 2) 4p 4 192 a lqayeto (t aac — as) toa (a 1s6 ae ) 49 (Q Fa 6 )36(4 36 0 @cpec\. Ale Wshtict Fhe Ae =(o40) — 1 (193) [ 14a = 48xatae > 36 -1(199)-2Cae) He 253642 4:6. 3 6 =a) 22 (36) B36n = 6XCr+ 0 eMeANe a (36) i(42)~a[ 1092) -9( 489] (+e) - 2 (tas) 4.48) = §(4e) - 2(199) oe Bf (eto) -1Ctas)]) ~2( 192) = §loip) 7 Blra2) -a(s9a) 6 = 6(ate) s Flida) Reo) y a Picts, a7 h yee ato : S2o0 — 0) QW (a 280 va) rio(3 136 : 0 Ged =! DAI} = (YOX2+1F = IUn = L4r8t+H Lt =) 'Ctuo) - 9(14) al = 4 boro , ! Hs ((294)-2(tyo) > H = Hye] = fl) AG) Cc me unD) La 1 (14) = AL tue) ~e(4)] 104) = 2 (140) 4 89 (13) = 33( 1H) = 4 (tae) = 33/1 (294)~2(14o)] =H (140) go 33 (294) = Ge (140) - 4 C140) 33 (294) ~0 (tuo) Dae yee LO C ce Lue 0 ond b ave Gtniy ine. guns BS tive. Integer a ts said to_b, congruent ahd m he a 0b medulom mo- b he, Ss, in) 1m | a-b fg: 25 =2 (mod) < plas 3 9% 2(med9) 23 qfa9-2 a ~ | re l eee haemo of mod mn, 1 Ie) a = L ee t i) ac =bc(mxd om) [ Sel a i —_ s Sy = hlmad 13 ) ul Sa a =| ee — | 51-H =18k ee = a i Wy Sole OCEY £ i Po hs Be a f 4 aa EH E fospectiao} i qd = a = 13 C20+y | A= 264y 5 1 =30 5 [x26 = ¢ Lined 12) esis = UB ee =) eee — 1 a hey Z gee ae 6)| 2 =o (mod 1) tiaes at a 4-3 | y= x | mod 9D ! 2 \ ya H-k__ g Wek 85 By tna : lean? (MEE oll ESR: gz U-y =o [x sy | 1 |Liv 2 4 Lined a5) | 95 litt Aioat-y 4 as = eee A aM | [fi = ala ora ae. tty = 96 b +4 = st ge | fol 5 Qh Cy tespection i Ee | D| B=¢ 5 % =Iypey it ) ~ 4 to and (29 4) #00 0S) | ‘se, 95 2 as (38) Cmed 49) 749 ~ |_ 922 = 800 God 492 Be! | a2 = 1 Gnod 4a) ; A 4 i TORN : ¢ WD) a? = ose bmed 43 hg) 784 (5 | [2% 221 Cred 413.9 = {a*) 7 24a)92 (med HD We )yu (9 a = 1 Cred 44) ie ee gt = 2. (mod 44) B Page No _ ret 2 tl Ea a I gc 2304 (rnd 9) ww? = 1 (mod ua) : pai —— a) Po with 5 ee aE ahi a4 Leonia) oy Bae e% = 1 nods ) >is ane ii (anods.) : ae (3 = 1 Onods J > OO @ = {| fmods) 0) | Gore ct2 03 aaa oom Sia | | Qo = 3almeds) => 29 Fron) 6, (2 PIae Ce | 238 = 0932 (rneds ) Tas } a = 39 lenods) 2 = X(mods) f Sg vatdad by SF Ke I a? = Gned ae | Seer 4 eae rt j | = Q (»mod4> aa i 2 2 U (med3) i a aL Oo! (22)%= “a see (ah®) =. Goda) Sw ee i 2% = 4 tod +) ow ! | farm vy ea wd ce SEE be i 3 = uGmed => a Wee (med to7 9 — Ba Sana a if calgary hs 149 (nod to) “Ee (mod to) — ene ft. + = bt? (med to) 10 ee 4 ue Reinatnden i mwa a divided by 4% re =-\ (medi3) gO divided by 13: eu ly gre _-Cinod 18) 2 © = 64 (modi3) ua Tipe = Cp God 139 Sr eee sen L X = :6lmod 13 BEE APAY( Vest eu ease? : > JO? = tocmedi3 = a ae t : a Qn are Br WG ee aa 135 (19 cpa yt) Se 133 T05 oe 2 Hi 6. an a5 = almodt) ty = 4 Godt) 4a = tasxtuxue = axux6 frod +) lasvtuvyug = 42 Gedy) lasvtuvyg = 6 (mod 4 > % 65x66 divtded toy 6F | 6+) 640 ges(o 6% 1) _6 Sys | 6 a | oe o 6’, ee ae | Gy és BH MEF S=3) ( hga6t se : leu =~ 3 food 43) 6S = {oo Crnod 13 Bie) ase ( vaeds | A epel= V = By ~~ Eien] (Ged iso : 2 mod 13 A (al? re Timed 13:9 vy mee = 1 (nod ta) rat s mists te Grod 139 = caus. pa Lv té6 God 13.) ae Wnt) = 1éCmoediad |) 36°° = a(med 13) gi! - (med ts) : ag 1, pst ged (1,13) =} at = lined b) 40 = 1hmod 13 (712 = 1%(mod 13.9 \20 = 1 (mod13> = (mod 120 (en STE: God 1D = Som = — ie te at EZ ; Pt Sheed po) 7 =5,b=24 58 = A (moda) T)aiastiyg pis it ioe ip P= 21 8 a5 (mod # gee nies Galt) 0.3 o's 3tas (mod) gts 3fmod 7) : 3°! divided by 4 af = | Grad p) ees = Pet a 26 = t(modt) (a6)? = 1 (mod) 32° 2 I fmnodt) 3! =3 brads) gels 3! = 1. a( modi) 3?! = 3 (mod4 D Bo? dbwided by tl fata y= f-<-f a \r oer i S ti = Pof tet fhe td ay ples) f as c eee logo: ut (Wooo) ‘yal Wen = UL tal a = et 1G) (iy \ fee uw /| \ loool (A ie woo6_[. Pen gat Ts Nae 7) £20 ae EB — aor ae ay: ws aa bo 5) bila ) eal seal es iL L 4, y| Find eo 9 divided ig + : Yon) = cd fan) = { ice = \bmod 9] ec OY Sy aC, B04 | a ane eae) Sees OAR aaa Uanedig> i : SOP SAN Gnodua) Ca TN (aD" = [Camo 13) ch 3 2 Gnod't3 © gl =s40Kd (media) 15) 540ualus a gt St eqoug (ynedis) $4046 7 32 = 59044 Ged 1a) 3 a = 3(med 139 oy Du (redas) Sts) =x aE Qa anes et Sao a = \(med nD FRe@adlas 5 a eee Won as) OAc 3ohuls ihe =e fmodas) 8s it 15 Seu God as) za with = by fmedas) wus 29 God as ee OL = isin a ae Fane Eee = t Cmodtod att = tCmod is) O(es)= sles [a3 2? (mod 25) Le ee Bdeas2 2s TM) Sc9 y asa) cA (23, a = \ tetas aaa (nod 269 eG) 2 “fined 22) ie = mod aS) mee = | God 25) fea )=4y383N2 (rnodas) Seemed PSP PPP Ta ET +125) “shou dat nin is divisthe by 30 Be =n ts divisible by 30 Moed Ch,s) 2) mit} (mod 5) oF =n (meds); 5]? Pia sediidehiipo ss c pon = nla ent (noi) bn = (9-190) ne) G4 ph b Mad Pia by Gp aoe n?=n_is divist is i p aa Iny | yd a ivedev LD} | | | Ge Find te, erernafod en im be ae ae divided_by Ft Ubmod 145 Is $= 1 (mod 14 Tematnder =. 9) |) -T_ xa | £5! 45 dividble by 3 [bes] Gi =a)! = 1 (med sat} 24\ =| (mod 3) Ate) = 41 mod 3) oan a =m (>= WD) A =m (mt 1) fmt=0 eae Some p= Hatmad 319 4 gto) = H +5) (med 31) lay pyle = 19H (mod31) g Lion se! = OC -moed 31) i he +5) Ts “divis le. ly 3), a lp = 29 ge pe I! rmod p) ~ dl 7 a64 = 295 (mod 24) ~~ 2 ~ ae! = 28 rmedoqd ~ 7 zi = | nel = 14 bnodaqd a 2 FT ay2e | = 2x1ul mod29) i ___ Shiai 2.8 (ano 24) a q i) show thab oli pe divi thy by e tbe 2 = —\(gped 59 e = = 1 tmed 11) ae ~1+1 Gmod 11) i tte! = 9 (mod 13 r git lol +1 te dfvistble by sd t Find vemotinder _t4.t (ae) pac | = pA (aned_ p> eT wl = 16 (med 1+) m, 23 See = &(mod 7) M=M™~ los =3¢ 25 ee © 8 RB y Fe = nl los 29) IM=ax5xt s ta 2106 alk = \0s | L 3 7, 3 o Jerod log OSE LD fo) pe (aasx 2) + (9 x24 4+ (orsn Oe Clap £OG S14 (tod 35 My'= tGmo 3) aon SS M, we etre lM ME Umod 5) Ni M'= Usnods) « [a nf =! da) N m2 (Gnod ms) 15. M1 = 1 Cnod +) “Us =| ie 35Myt—) eal gue) <5 k is Mi = ane iM —| i5M J ae aa Sy ths pechon + 3 [MI eee jf fp de) Jo = 1 = ~ a 233 rod (05) = 223. {nod tos) 0 “ 5.) 233 (2 vumaindes =2 ~ 210 ae Baa a3 Howe — 2: No :—_ (mod 4D 5 = o(inoda)., xp utrood 1) my = Ny =M/m 221 mi! My = 13 Mm, = Mf, =84/9=29 Mo) PPR yop Te yy Ao u sleet oe ee Mea] MT — | ne Casas y+ Cora x ED ELETELED = (los +o +420)mod ey y= 15a5 82/modey ) Minit Uinod * nfs enol: )_[a nyt = ened Lis ttrediy [ae nfl= thmads) PA 19 = 1 nods) La. | oun) ale mop | yhawse simiel ek 2am Aa k_| tami) nap ! a Ls ul 5 ane, 5 ES 1 foo afl Pua ea) Baud t= as (late monde” 5 ac mod eu) | 4 = a) Ghodaud dy dsay (6 Le | Ene a) [X= bmed 4, 1 = Bfmeds) a = atmnods) Ho Dime | Ms Mace SER Uebel | = la >3[m => 5 m 4 i @ Ihe t IM oN woop | wie | = Uysy] ee a | aN Me ype D Mis I ial I etixax Va(Gyee Ye (ax 90x SS ee raehs-) e Gaby) +(3 we x2) ae Gavaey ay, pre ita los $162 +240 mod iyo) ae 513 Gnod tuo) SIE IGnodm,) [Mym,"= modm,) [MMi = lfmod m,) Miz Kinod Sept aimed) tats (Greda) Hk Bfeia8 | alooms—) 1 =4)< zamialesk | ap mi) =7 oo aut pf ole 5 ou = z Te 3 ‘yeas 14M! =) epee 2 Rett Bele Ty = 513 (med iyo) 4293 (mod luo 5 iyo)5 13 (3 | gematndet =9.3 420 mo od a number hauling vernaindey 9, 3.445 ushn eS tatng Ca, lyzstmod 3) X= 3\(maas) ‘2a (med s) La. 2 | (mod 11 Stlve the egh using CRT yaeninoda) , a1 5 6(med20) A) X= 3(mod20) Hat 5 = 416 Wie5 ac: Ul rse, eos ! JL? Fred 4 a a aS 553 fralao) SH! ry a.=2 |m=9 | M, = _|t0. 20 Mee m a eee neh [sn) M = Mio a ; > ages Tro 90-1 Wel F | = 180 ; m= ¢Anod sh.) lap L(mod9) eae = Ufode) — 8 moo & olan ay 4 aot =I =8k "OM 7 ae | bya) _ opty - g af [ee erie - if wt £4 oft = 9) J—+— bez | ea By 2 (gx gor) +8 x 9x9) mod Ie Auyo+ 243 Cmad 120) % MW wo oft 1693 (amod 1309 = 1693(rmodizo) 120)I693 (9 nore Coadign hee ecemafhalet = 6 63 = p> Moeat Oiphanttne ty dubby se irpultaneous, aatoy = Cmod wi) ie +dy = 7 (od m) | ‘Foy tompal #48035 (mod a Roa SEE tin atin iphanti Eee eas 4 fy Hf -Integens. | called ution of linean deph Sort a Ao, by, = Cand See be yisy ort given ly hantine ions solvable oe 6. +514 = 93 Ltt gid (6.51) =3 3 Connrt solve the equation . aa tL = 15 cl Ca De {lors Hunce the equation canbe solved 4 soi” eutt. ) bye + = 406 2 [sui.2/ Ged (su (ie isl 8,4 3 |40¢ Hence. che -tgpiaitton cain alved* & sol” expel i Pape No Yr 2a) 42(4 ao 28 mee > V 2g a | | tle = tox1+H9 [ha = itis) -1 (109 ss to = Heit 298 as = tlt) - 1(u2d ya = 28x24 1y [p= 142) A028) ae = tux2+6 tys= Bre 4 2 nC ee) { [ys + (ita) =t (10) ~3 (22) vps 1 (1a) - (409 af C40) = eCtal] ny = 1fita)—ilto) -gto) + tus dD ie Cra) cee Eadie ls) i = (ts) ~alyo) + ra) -ilw) Jaleo) eto => 4a =3 yee Siuxve = avi2 Cirad— 3x12 (40) pies = on Cus) 36 C09 ~ CiSseseys Ea ey) + =. rs a Ons ht | BenoGstl2t = fea Yateley ‘ ie: suit aly =406 2 god ( S421) = 3 Sete | Giorno | Talon (2% qo ] 12 aia = ty a are O = 4 ged = BG 6 Blaoe Hence, the e940 can loe solved itera Xe tS la = 1(sy)—2(212 Ql = tox +9 Mee = NCO 12D) 2 ~ WD =! - Diese eT sudevato=[ tl2 1 C15 rae sated T = ty FY =! V(t) = 1(5y) ~3(2) + it) = 3h % = als) -B(2t 4 90s = 309 pen ie 3 3x300 =30a x2(gn)- 3oaxG (219 qo4 = 60H (su) - 1 edo(21) = 60H os tba = 1519 SS ee Geownal colt oly = oy # Bt Stet ok TF a Y, 5-150 +5 t g d ! 3 - 2| A31n-56y = I cag d_(34,56) =) = aa ee(t ir t 34 ; (#)39 (2 IL : ces = ee os ‘Page No :. ee the 4g can be stlyed cot" exit. Seale of Eee r= (lie) = #039) — 1é4) 1056)= 10299) Be 1caa) —te (see ve Caan) =1(56)~ (399 pot 1 ik2 +5 B= 1 (39) - afta) re: 5X3 +2 [2= (is) — 3(5) igo 242 +1 fee 5) a (25 mee | x2 +O Pantie) 220s) ari - 110399 -a(ia)| - a(s) = UG DEE GESIESATED) Gee (39) = 3014) — 2) Cin as) Game t(30) = a(te) ~a(iz) 4 fe Seen (=n ec (5) atts) 405 xf 1G alia “| = 1039) -H(t1s) 46039 ~ 1a a) H | fee (39) = 16 (s6) iS aa leu = 23x (39) - wu (se) Meo 3029) = te (se) ences = Te

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