Microsoft® Basic Skills eases Quick Access Toolbar Title Bar Worksheet Tab ernest) Create a Workbook: Click the File {al and select New or press Ctrl» N.Double-click a workbook pen a Workbook: Click the Fle tab ‘and select Open or press Ctl +0. ‘Select a recent file or navigate tothe loeation where the leis saved. Preview and Print a Workbook: Click the File tab and select Print Undo: Click the Unde button on the Quiek Access Toor. Redo or Repeat: Click the Redo button onthe Quick Access Tool. ‘The button tums to Repeat once” ceverythinghas been re-do Use Zoom: Click and drag th zoom stider tothe lator right. Select a Col: Click a call ruse the keyboard arrow keys to select Selecta Cell Range: Click and drag To slecta range of cells. Or, press ‘and hold down the Shift key while using the arrow keys to move the ‘selection tothe last cola the range. Excel Ch eat Sheet Formula Bar Close Button columns Scroll Bars Select an Entire Worksheet: Click the Select Allbutton where the column and ow headings meet Select Non-Adjacent Cells: Click the first cll oc cel range, hold down the Ctrtkey, and select any non-acjacent ‘alloreall ange. Cell Address: Calle are referenced by the coordinates made from their ‘column letter and row number, such ascell A, B2, etc Ez Sump toa Call: lickin the Name Box. type the cel address you want to got, and press Enter. Chango Views: liek a View button in the status ba. Or, click the View tab land select a view. Recover an Unsaved Workbook Restart Excel. Ifa workbook can be recovered, it wll appearin the Document Recovery pane. Or, click ‘the Fle tab, click Recover unsaved ‘workbooks to open the pane, and select a workbook from the pane. ProjectCub!cle Reece eget ‘Open a workbook tl +0 Create a new workbook ...Ctel +N Save a workbook etl +S Print a workbook cul +P Close a workbook “cuts W He an oA Activate Tell Me field mom pt Spel check, fas Colette worksheets onoF Create absolute reference ..F4 Move between C2ls mah 0,0,» Tab Right one cell “Shift + Tab Left one cell Enter Down one cell “Shift + Enter Up one cal Page Down Down one screen Home To ist cel of active row ..End Enable End mOd€ vwonnnnttt + Home To cell AL ‘ott + End Tolast cell oe eat aEa fn Ez aCel’s Contents: Selecta cell and lick in the Formula Bar or double-click thecal Eat ‘the ces contents an press Enter Clear a Ces Contents: Select the cals) and reste Delete key: cick the Clear ‘button on the Home tab and select Clear o Content. Cato Copy Data: Sele eal) and etek the cut Copy button onthe Home ab Past Data: Sell the cell where you want to paso the data and cick the Past button {he Cpboara group onthe Home tab, Preview an tem Before Pasting: Place the Insertion point where you want to paste, click ‘the Paste button lst arrow nthe Clipboars ‘70up on tig Home tab, and hold the mouse ‘over apaste option to preview. Paste Special: Selec the destination cll), click the Paste button ist arrow in the Clipboard groupton the Home ta, and select Paste Special. Select an option and click OX Move o Copy Cells Using rag and Orap Select the cel) you want to move o copy, postion the pointer over any border of the elected calls), then drag ta the destination calls. To copy, hold down the Ctl key before starting to drag Fin ana Replace Text Click the Find & Select button, select Replace. Type the text you want to fndin the Find what box. Type the Feplacement text inthe Replace with box. Click ‘the Replace all or Replace button. [Check Spelling Click the Review tab and click ‘the Spelling button. For each result, select ‘suggestion and click the Change Change All bution, Orsick the Ignore/tgnore Alt button Insert a Column or Row: ight-c tothe right ofthe column or below the ow you want to Insert, Select Insert inthe menu, or click the Insert button onthe Home a, Delete Column or Row: Select the row or columafeadings) you want to remove. Right ‘lick and select Delete from the contextual, ‘mentor ice the Delete button inte Cells ‘group onthe Home tab Hide Rows or Columns: Self the rows or columns you want hide, lick the Format button onthe Home tab select Hide & Unhide, and select Hide Rows 0° Hie columns. ‘Change Call Alignment: Selec thecal) you want to liga and cick a vertical alignment ‘batten ora horizontal alignment baton the Aigner group onthe Format Text: Use the commands inthe Font {gF0up onthe Home fab or cick the dialog box launcher in the Font group to open the dialog bow Format Values: Use the commands inthe [Number group on the Home tab or click the dlalog box launcher inthe Number group to ‘open the Format Celle ialog box. Wrap Tex ina Cel: Select the cel) that contain text you want to wrap and click the Wrap Text bution onthe Home tab, ‘Merge Cells: Select the ells you want to merge. Click the Merge & Center button list arrow onthe Home tab and select aimerge option. Cell Borers and Shading: Select the cells) you vant ta foxmat. Click the Borders button Andfor the Fill Clor button and select an Sption to apply to the selected cal Copy Formatting withthe Format Painter: Select the cells) withthe formatting you want {ocopy. Click the Format Painter button in the Clipboard group on the Home tab, Then, solet the cols) you want to apply te copied formatting to. just Column With or Rove Height: Click and rag the right border ofthe column header or the Bottom border ofthe row header. Double click te border ta AuIOF the column a row according to its contents Ener a Foxmola: Select the call where you want telinsert the formula. Type = and enter he formula using values, cell reterences, operators, and functions Press Enter Insert Function: Select the cell where you want to enter the function and click the Insert Funetion btn next othe formula bar. Reference aCellina Formula: Type the cell reference (for example, 88) inthe formula oF lik he cel you want to reference SUM Function: lick the cell where you want to inser the total and click the Sum futon in the Eating groupon the Home tab. Enter the calls you want to total and press Ente. MIN and AX Functions: Click the cel where you want to place a minimum or maximum vale fora gen ange. Clic the Sum ‘button list arrow on the Home tab and s@lect either Min or Max. Ener the cell range you want to reference, and press Ent [COUNT Function: Click the cell where you want toplace acount of the numberof cli ina ‘ange that contin numbers. Click the Sum. button ist arrow on the Home tab and selects Count Numbers, Enter the col ange you want {orelerence, and press Enter Complete a Series Using AutoFill Select the cells that define the pattern ea series of ‘months or years. Cek and drag the fit hance {o adjacent blanc cells to compete the series, Insert an Image: Clik the Insert tab onthe ribbon, click ether the Pitures Dating Pictures fin inthe Illustrations group, select the image you want to inset, and click Insert. Insert Shape: Click the Insert tb onthe ribbon, click the Shapes buon inthe Ilustratons group, and seléct the shape you wish insert. Hypetinks Testor Images: Select the text or ‘graphic you want to useas.a hyperlink. Click the Insert tab, then click the Link button Choose a typeof hyperinkin the lefBpane of the Insert Hypetink dialog box. Flin the necessary informational elds in the ight pane, then click OK Modify Object Properties and Alternative Text: Right-click an object. Select Eat Alt Text in the menu and make the necessary ‘modifications under the Properties and Alt Text headings. Insert New Worksheet: Click the Insert Worksheet uation next tothe sheet tabs below the active shee. Or, press Shift + FAA. Delete a Worksheet: Right-click the sheet tab ‘and select Delete from the menu Hide a Worksheet: ightclick the sheet tab and solect Hide from the menu Rename a Worksheet: Double-click the sheet tab, enter anew name for the worksheet, and presenter. Change a Workshests Tab Color: Right-click the sheet ta, select Tab Color, and choose the color you want 0 apply. Move or Copy a Worksheet: Click nd draga worksheet tab left ight to move itto anew location. Hold doven the Ctl key wile clicking and dragging o copy the worksheet. Switch Between Excl Windows: Click the View tab, click the Switeh Windows button and select the window you wanego make active Freeze Panes: Activate the cell where you want to freeze the window, click the View tab onthe ribbon, click the Freeze Panes button inthe Window group, and select an option from the Uist a Select a Prin Area: Select the cll range you want to rit, click the Page Layout tab on the ribbon, click the Print Area button, and Select Set Print Area, (© 2021 CustomGuide, treMicrosoft® Excel Ch eat Sheet Intermediate Skills fees nc) as Title Create a Chart Select thecal range that contains {he data you want to chart. lick the Insert ab on the ribbon. Click a chart tye button inthe Charts group and select the chart you want inert Move or Resize Chart: Selec the chart. Place 'sborder and, with the a headed arrow showing click and dragto move it Or, eick and Braga sizing handle tagesize Change the Chart Type: Select the chart and cick the Design tab. Click the Change Chart Type button and seloct a diferent char. Filter 2 Chart: With the chart you want titer selected, click the Filter button next ot Deselect te items you watt hide rom the chart view and click the Apply button Position a Chars Legend: Select the chart, click the Chart Elements button, click the Legend aon, and select pasion forthe legend, Show or Hide Chat Elements: Select the chart and click the Chat Elements button. Then, Use the check boxes to show oride each flement Insert Trendline: Select the chart where you want toadd a trendline. Click the Design tab onthe ribbon and clk the Add Chart Element button, Select Trendine ram the menu, a Chart Tite Bon Voyage Excursions Insert a Sparkline: Select the cells you want to summarize Click the Insert tab and select the sparkine you want to inset. Inthe Location Range ‘eld enter the cel or cal ange to place the spariine and click OK. Create a Dual Ase Chart Selat the cellrange you rant tochartcickthe insert tab, click the {Combo byron, and select a combo char type. Set the Page size: lick the Page Layout tab, Click the Size bation and select a page size. Set the Print Ave: Select the celrange you want ‘opin. Click he Page Layout ra, cick the Print ‘Area tton, and select Set Print Tiles, Gridines, and Headings: Click the Page Layout tab. Click the Prin Tiles bon and set which items you wish to print. ‘Adda Header or Footer: Click the Insert tab and click the Header & Footer bliton. Complete the header and footer feds. Adjust Margins and Oventation Click the Page Layout ib. Click the Margins bon to select feamalist of common page margins. Click the Orientation Seton o chooce Porta or Landscape orientation ProjectCub!cle eae teas Chart Types sed to compare cifecent values verialyside-by- Sie. Each values represented in the chart by a vertical bar Une: Used to illustrate trends ‘overtime (days, months, years) Each values plotted as & point con the chart and values are connected byline. Pie: Usetl for showing values as | apercentage ofa whole when a the values add upto 100%. The ‘values for each tem are ‘represented by diferent coors, a Bar Silat clu charts, > | except they display informationin FS horionta bars rather than in vertical clurms, ‘rea: Similar ttine chars, except the areas beneath the >> ines are filled with color XY (Scatter) Use to pot *| clusters of values using single Points. Multiple items can be plotted by using different colores points or itferent point symbols. Stack active parting 11] eatin of toes, en | as the high, low, and closing pois or scorn da Sura: self fii 1 ni cnn ten thoset of ta Cols ad Dates ent len tre inte same ang R Data Labels: splay values from the cells ‘ofthe worksheet onthe plot area ofthe chart Data Table: A table added next tothe cart that shows the worksheet data the charts illustrating. Error Bars: Help you quickly identity standard deviations and eror margins. ‘rendlne: Identities the trend of the current data, not actual values. Can also identify forecasts for future dataForm Absolute References: Absolute references always refer tothe same cell,evenf the formulas moved. In the formula bar, add dollar Sans (§) tothe reerence you want to remain absolute for example, $A841 makes the column and row remain constant) Name a Colo Range: Select the cells), click ‘the Name boxin the Formula bar, ype a name forthe calor ange, and press Enter. Names can be used n formulas instead of eal addresses, for example: =B4™Rat Reference Other Worksheets: To reference another worksheet i-aformla, add an ‘exclamation point‘ ate the sheet name in ‘the formula, for example: =FebruarySalestB4, Relerence Other Workbooks: To reference anather workbook na formula, add brackets “(around the file ame inthe formula, for example: ebruarySales.xlsxisheet1!$B84, ‘Order of Operations: When calculating formula, Excel performs operations inthe following order: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, and finally Aktion and Subtraction as they appear eft right) Use this mnemonic davies to remember thems Please Parentheses Excuse Expononts My Muttilcation Dear Division ‘Aunt adsition Sally Subtraction concatenate Text: Use the CONCAT function =CONCAT(text4,text2,..) 0 jon the text ‘iam multole cells inte a single cl. Use the arguments within the function to define the text {you want to combine as well a any spaces or punctuation. Payment Function: Use the PMT function -=PMT(rate;nper;pv.) to calculate a loan amount, Use the arguments within the funetion terdetinethetoarrate, numberof periods, and present value and Excel calculates the payment amount Date Functions: Date functions are used to ada specific date toa cel Some common date ‘unetions in Excel include: ‘Date =OATE(Vear month day) Display Worksheet Formulas: Click the Formulas ab o the ribbon and then cick the ‘Show Formulas buton. Click the Show Formulas bution again to tur off the formulavew. m m Export Data Click the Fle tab. At the lft, {elect Export and click Change File Type, Select the ie type you want to expor the data toad click Save As, Inport Oat: Click the Data tab on the cbbon and click the Get Data button, Select the Category and data type, and then the file you ‘want to import. Click Import, verily the preview, and then click the Laad button, Use the Quick Analysis Tool: Solect the col ‘ange you want to summarize lick the Quick ‘Analysis ution that appear. Select he analysis tl you want to use. Choose rom formatting, charts, totals, tables, or sparkines. Curtne and Subtotal: Click the Data tab onthe ribbon and click the Subtotal gon, Use ‘the gialog box to define which column you want te sublatal and the caleulation you want to use lek OK. Use Flash Fil lickin the cll to the right ofthe call) where you want to extract or combine ata, Start typing the data in the columa, When patterns recognized, Excel predicts the ‘emaining valves forthe column, Press Enter to accept the Fash Fil valves, ‘create a Data Valiation Rul: Select the cells you wantto validate Click the Bata tab and {ik the Data Validation button, Click the Allow ist aron and selectthe data you want tallow, Set aditional validation criteria. ‘options and click OK. Format a Cell Range asa Table: Select the calls you want to apply table formating to, Click ‘the Format as Table taon inthe Syles group ofthe Home tab and select a table format from the gallery. 4 laevepes 3550 26425 37455 4 MéseoOF 20850 17200 27010 2 ars sa710 20,75 35840 6 Tokyo azs510 14750 12490 2 Teta 208,330 96260 128315, Sort Data: Select acelin the column you want ta sort. Click the Sort & Fitrvourton on the Home tab, Select sort order oF select {Custom Sort to define specific sort criteria, Fer Oat: Click the filter arrow forthe columa you want to filter. Uncheck the boxes for any data you want to hide. Click OK. [Ad Table Rows or Columns: Selet acelin ‘the row or colum next to where you want to ‘ad blankclls, liek the Insert ton list. tro on the Home tab, Select ether Insert Table Rows Above or Insert Table Columns. totheLett, Remove Duplicate Valves: Click ay clin the table ae cick the Data t25on the ribbon. Clk ‘the Remove Duplicates betion. Select hich eolumns you want to check for duplicates andcliek OX Insert a Sic With any cl in the table solectod, click the Design tab onthe ribbon Click the tnsert Stier byston. Select the columns you want to uses slicers and lick 0K. Table Style Options: Click any clin the table. Click the Desig tab onthe ribbon and select an option in the Table Style Options group. Apply Conditional Formatting Select the calls you want to format. On the Home tab, cick the Conditional Formatting iiton. Select a Conditional formatting category and then the tule you want to use. Speciy the format to apply and cick OK. ‘Apply Cll Styles: Select the col) you want to format, On the Home tab, click the Cell Styles button and selec a tye from the menu. You Bp atco select New cell Style ta define a custom sive ‘Apply @ Workbook Theme: Click he Page Layout tab onthe ribbon Click he Themes py button and select a theme from the menu ‘Addl a Cll Comment Click the cll where you ‘want to adda comment. Click the Revlew tab fn the bon and cick he New Comment | (3 button. Type your comment and then click outside of to save the tet, Invite People to Collaborate: Click the Share button onthe bon, Ener the emai adress of people you want to share the workbook with {lick the permissions button, select a permission level and click Apply. Typea short ressage and click Send Co-author Workbooks When another user opens the workbook, click the user's picture or intial on the rion, to see what they are ting. Cells being edited by others appear ‘th a eolored border or shading Protect a Worksheet: Before protecting a worksheet, you need to unlock ay cells you ‘want to remain editable ater the protection is applied. Then, click the Review tab onthe ribo and click the Protect Sheet button. Select what you want fo remain edie ater the sheets protected. ‘Add a Workbook Password: Click the File tab and select Save As. lick Browse to select a ‘save location. Click the Tools button inthe Galog box and select General Options. Set a ‘password to. open and/or modity the workbook. lek oxMicrosoft® Advanced Skills PivotTable Elements Active PivotTable Create a Pivot Table: Select the data range to be Used bythe PvotTable. Click the Insert tab on theribbon and cick the PiotTable fon in the Tables group. Verify the range and tha click ok. ‘Add Multiple PivotTable Feld: Click field inthe fic tistand-dragit tone ofthe four PotTable eas that contains one or more fields. Filter PiotTables: Click and raga fe from the fiat Uet cote Filters area. Clik the fea list arrow above tho PivotTable and select the value(s} you want ofiter. Group PivotTable Values: Select acelin the PivotTable that canainsa value you want to f0up by. Ck the Analyze tab onthe ribbon 2nd click the Group Field button. Speciy how the PivotTable shouldbe grped and then click ok. Refresh a PiotTable: With the PvotTable Selected, click the Analyze ta onthe ribbon. Chick the Refresh tutton inthe Data group, Foxmat PivotTabl2 with the PhotTable selected, click the Design ab. Then, select desired formatting options rom the PvtTable Options group andthe PivotTable Styles group Excel Ch eat Sheet PivotTable Fields Pane Search PivotTable| nf Pane Fields Options. Tools Menu Fiele st pelea PivotTable Feld ‘reas Create a PivChart lick any celina PiotTable and cick the Analyze tab onthe ribbon. Click the PivotChart gon inthe Toos group. Selecta PivotChart type and click OK oy PivtChart Data: Drag fields into and out of ‘he tiete areas the task pane, Refresh PiotChart: With the PhotChart selected, tick he Analyze tah on tho rsbon. Click the Refresh button in the Data group. oly PivotChart Elements: With he PvotChart elated, click the Desig tab on the ribbon. Click the Add Chart Element button in the Chart laments group and sole the items) you want to add tothe char, Apply PuotChart Style: Select the PivotChart and ‘lckthe Design ab onthe ribbon. Select a style from the gallery inthe Chart Styles group. Update Chart Type: With the PivotChart selected, ctrek the Design tab onthe ribbon. Click the Change Chart Type bution inthe Type group. Select anew chart typeand cick OK. Enable ivotChart Drill Down: Click the Analyze tab, Click the Feld Buttons lst arrow in the Show/Hide group and select Show Expand/Collapse Entire Field Buttons. ProjectCub!cle MEW Ca eat PES Ce ae ‘The PivotTable Fields pane controls how datais represented in the PivotTable Click anywhere in the PuotTable to activate the pane. It includes a Search field a scrling lst of fields these are the column heasings inthe data range Used to ereate the Pot Table, and four ‘areas in which fields ar place These Tour areas include Ftrs: It field is placed in the "Y._ Filters area, a menu appears above ‘the PiotTable. Each unique value from the fld isan tem inthe ‘menu, which can be used to filter PivotTable data ‘Column Labels: Tho unique jes forthe ilds placed in the imas area appear as clumn headings along the topo the Pivotrabie Row Labels: The unique values for thadilds placed in the Rows area appear as row headings along the let side of the PuorTable Values: The values are the “meat ofthe PvotTable, or the actual data thats calculated forthe fetds placed in the rows and/or columns area, Values are most often ‘umeric calculations, ‘Not all Pivot Tables wil havea fildin ‘each area, and sometimes there wil be ‘multiple fieldsina single ace Subtotals Grand Report lank + Totals Layout Rows Layout ‘Subtotals: Show or hide subtotals and specity their location nthe PuotTable Grand Totals: Ad or remove grand total rons for columns andjor rows. Report Layout: Adjust the report layout to how in compact, outing, or tabular form, ‘Blank Rows: Emphasize groups of ata by manually adding blank rows between grouped temsEnable the Developec Tab: Click the File tab and select Options. Select Customize bon athe let. Check the Developer ‘checkbox and click OK Records Macro Click the Developer tab on ‘the ribbon and click the Record Macro button Type a name and description the ‘peciy where to save it Cick OK. Complete the stops tobe recorded, Click the Stop cording byton on the Developer tb, Runa Macro lek the Developer tab on the ribbon and click the Macros button. Select the macro andlick Run, tit Macro: lek the Developer tab on the ribbon and lick the Macros button. Selecta macro and click the Edt butt. Make the recessary changes to the Visual Basic code and click the Save button. Delete a Macro: Click the Developer tab on ‘the ribbon and click the Macros b Select a macro al click the Delete buton, Macro Security: Click the Developer ab on the ribbon and click the Macro Security button, Select a security evel and click OK Common Formula Error: = en - The column ie wide enough to display all cell data, “NAME? - The text inthe formula ent recognizes + VALUE! - Theres an error with one or more formula arguments + HDIV/O- The formula is tryng to divide a value by 0, “+ HREFL- The formula references a cell that no longer exists ‘Trace Precedents: lick the cell containing the value you want 0 trace and click the Formulas tab onthe ribbon, Click the Trace Precedents ‘utton to see which ells alec the valuein {he selected cl, Jan Feb Total tan Ro see —— ae Eror Checking: Selecta cll containingan ‘error. Click the Formulas tb onthe ribbon land click the Eror Checking button the Forma Auditing group. Use théialog to locate and fox the ero. ‘The Watch Window: Select the cell ou want to \watch. lick he Formulas tab onthe ridbon and click the Wateh Window button, Click the Add Watch buon. Ensuretie correct cells identified a lick Add Evaluate a Formula: Selet ace witha formula Clic the Formulas tab onthe ibbon sk the Evaluate Formato, Customize Conditional Formatting: Click the Concitional Formatting Botton onthe Home tab and select New Rule Selecta rule type, then edt the styles and values. Click OK. Edit Conditional Formatting Rule: Click the Conditional Formatting byton on the Home tb and select Manage Rules. Select the rule you want o edit and cok Et Rule. Make your changes tothe rule, Click OK. Change the Order of Conditional Formatting button on the Home tab and select Manage Rules. Select the rule you want tore-sequence. Click the Move Up or Move Down arrow Unf the rules positioned correcty. lick OK. ‘Goal Seok liek the Data tb onthe ribbon, Click tne what-It Analysis ition and select Goal Seek. Specify the desied value for the ven cell and which cell can be changed to Feach the desied rest Click OK. ‘Nested Functions: A nested function is when fone function is tueked inside another function as ‘ane ofits arguments, ice this ‘SIF (D2>AVERAGE(B2:B10), 1,0) "AVERAGE (22310) tia Function "Nested Function IF: Performs logieal tet to return ane value for ‘true result, and anather for fale result =1F(22269," False") logical test value HLtrue value false ttateanbe valvetoretim vale orem frauned ¢ when the test's when totes wert ae ‘ase AND, Of NOT: Often used with IF to support ‘multiple conditions. + AND requires multiple conditions + OR accopts several ferent conditions. + NOT retums the opposite ofthe condition. yk (BS="MN" ,BS="WI") foghealt ett conden to evatate logieaa the second condtion a evaate SUMIF and AVERAGEIF: Calculates cells that meet a canton. + SUMIF finds the total. + AVERAGEIF finds the average. SUMIP(C6:C10," b6:D10) ange ofceksenterlausedto_eale range to youwant spay determee what cleus ‘era aganat cele to senor ile than the Senge range LOOKUP: Looks far and ret specfc column in a table. FNS -#) value olbok_ table rom ies eo. Index tie Ioeinthe frst fereneve aval column number cohen othe thetabe rom table when to retreve LOOKUP: Looks for and retrieves data froma specfc row ina table. =HLOOKUP(BS,82:13,3) valu ook table romhich row Index he [Erin fet_toreneve avaue row umber the row able Table for wich UPPER, LOWER, and PROPER: Changes how twxtis capitalized. UPPER Case | lowor case | Proper Case =UPPER(B4) toxt to change case ‘or capitalization LEFT and RIGHT: Extracts gen numberof characters from the lator ht JEPT(B5,3 text fiom which io pum_ehars to extract extract characters from the eto right sce ofthe text MID: Extracts a given number of characters ‘rom the midale of text; the example below would rerun "ay" nro Sunday" 4,3) arb cua text rom which start num — num ehars ne Noextact estan atthe number of characters fsteharacerto characters NATCHE Locates the psition of lokup value ina row orealumn. WATCH ( "Dog" ,B2:B10) Yookup value io iatch lookup array range inthe lokup_array of cells INDEX: Returns a value or the reference to a ‘value from within a range. ema array 2range row.num the col num the ‘feels row poston column pasion ‘optona)