COMPUTER TRAINING

SUCCESS IS AHEAD

PROMISE
1/1/2018

Computer is everything in the world of today (digital world)

 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Definition of a computer

A computer is an electronic device used to input data, process data and output information by use of
stored program.

Data: raw facts keyed into the computer

Information: processed data

Processing is the act of manipulating data to get information.

Characteristics of a computer

 It is programmable- means that it works automatically following a given program

 It is capable of performing logical operation
 Capable of working computations of numerals
 Capable of performing data storage
 Can be networked

Advantages of computers

 Accurate
 Reliability
 Information management
 Cannot get fatigue

Disadvantages

 Costly to maintain
 There is need to buy standby facilities
 Social behaviors-antisocial
 Illiteracy-only those who are literate can use the computer

Application of computers

Air reservation
Factories
Teaching and learning
Stock control
Banking
business
Parts of a computer

 system unit
 monitor
 keyboard
 mouse

Components of a computer system

1) hardware
2) software
3) user ware

Hardware

These are the tangible devices of a computer. They are parts one can see, touch and feel. They are
categorized as follows:-

 input devices
 output devices
 processor devices
 storage devices

a) input devices
 these are devices which are used to key in data
 input device functions:-
 transfer data to machine for processing
 converts data into machine readable form

Examples:

 keyboard
 mouse
 light pen(stylus)
 barcode reader
 scanners

b) Output devices

These are devices used to display the content of data/information from the computer. i.e.

 printers
 monitor: CRT-Cathode Ray Tube, TFT-Thin Transistor Film
 projector
c) Storage devices

These are devices used to store data/information from/ into a computer. e.g.

 hard disk-permanent storage device

 compact disc-portable
 digital versatile disc-portable
 flash disc-portable
 memory cards-portable

Data quantification

1 byte- 8 bits

1 kilobyte- 1000 bytes

1 megabyte- 1000kilobytes

1 gigabyte- 1000megabytes

1 terabyte- 1000gigabytes

D) CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

It is the center/core/heart of the computer. It is divided into:-

a. control unit-Used to send signals from one device to another

b. Arithmetic logic unit-Used to perform mathematical calculation and logical operation in a
computer system.
c. Main Memory

Types of memory

1. Random Access Memory (RAM) – Used to store temporary data in a computer system. Data
stored in the RAM is affected by power failure therefore there is need to save your work as you
continue working on it.
2. Read Only Memory (ROM) – Used to store data permanent in a computer system, it’s not
affected by power failure

Memory unit

Holds program instructions, data being processed and result of processing awaiting transfer to the output
devices. It stores 5 types of data:-

1. instructions awaiting to be obeyed

2. instructions currently being obeyed
3. data waiting to be processed
4. data currently being processed
5. information waiting output
2. SOFTWARE

These are the non-tangible parts of a computer. It also refers to a set (program me) of instructions
designed to perform specific task within a computer system. Software can be classified into 2 parts:-

1. System software
2. Application software

System software

This is software programmed to work with control unit of the C.P.U. example operating system

Operating system

This is the main software of the computer. It does the following functions;

 Used to interface hardware and other software

 Used to communicate between the computer and the user

Examples of operating system

 Windows: (Versions 98,2000,XP,Vista, 7, 8,10)

 Unix
 Macintosh
 Novel
 Linux

Application software/packages

 Word processing programs; used for typing document-Ms Word, Word pad, Note pad
 Electronic Spreadsheet programs-Ms Excel
 Graphic design/Desktop publishing software-Ms Publisher, Corel draw, Illustrator, Photoshop
 Database Management software-Ms Access, Structured Quarry Language (SQL), Oracle
 Presentation software-Ms PowerPoint

Viruses

A virus is a computer program which is designed specifically to copy itself in a computer memory which
destroys the computer without the users’ knowledge.

Virus transmission
 Contact with contaminated diskette
 Pirated software program which are not genuine
 Fake games
 Update of software distributed by network
Virus symptoms

 frequent read and write errors

 change in disk volume
 executable files changing for no reason
 disk access time too long for a simple task
 less memory available than usual
 access light turning on for a non-preferred device
 unfamiliar graphical message appears on the screen

Prevention of viruses

 scan all the diskettes using an updated antivirus program

 avoid using the same diskettes on different machines
 isolate infected diskettes from those which are not infected
 determine how the virus was introduced into the system
 Find out if any of the diskettes could have the site.

Examples of viruses

 Boot sector
 Hoax
 Worm
 Trojan
 Backdoor

TYPES OF COMPUTERS

1. Mainframe Computers
They are very large computers with a very high capacity of storage. It can process large amounts
of data very quickly, and are therefore, used by big companies, banks and government
departments. They are usually kept in an air – conditional environment in a special room. They
can be linked into a network with smaller departmental computers.
They act as nodes of large national and international communication networks (such as the
internet)
2. Minicomputer
It is physically smaller than a mainframe. They support a number of concurrent users, but are
usually slower than mainframe computers. They have many uses in business and commerce and
can be used for applications such as payroll, invoicing and the government or by medium sized
organization.
3. Microcomputers / Desktop / Personal Computers Pc
It is smaller than the minicomputer. The ‘heart’ of a microcomputer system is the microprocessor
( a single chip containing the arithmetic and logical unit). They are the mostly used in offices
 4. Laptop / Notebooks
With computers becoming more and more essential in everyday life, the need for portability
became apparent, hence, the coming of laptops, notebooks and palmtop computers. The main
different between microcomputer and laptops is size, expandability and the number of peripheral
devices supported by laptops is limited
5. IPAD
The ipad is a line of tablet computers. A table computer, or simply tablet, is one-piece mobile
computer. Devices typically have a touch Screen, with finger or stylus gesturers replacing the
conventional computer mouse. An iPad can shoot video, take photos, play music and perform
Internet functions such as web-browsing and emailing

Factors to consider when acquiring a computer

 The speed of a computer

 The Storage capacity (Hard Disk)
 The Memory (RAM)
 The type of Monitor (CRT or TFT)

Precaution when handling the computer

 Install ant virus software to protect your computer from virus

 Place the computer in a well ventilated room
 Place the computer on higher places to protect them from water or floods
 Use Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) to protect your computer from power surge
 Let a qualified person repair and maintain your computer
 Used dustcover to protect your computer from dust
 Do not eat or drink near a computer

WINDOW
A window is a graphic user interface (GUI) which allows other programs to run easily, or a
computer to be used easily with a pointing device, graphics and background color etc.

Initially, computer used to be difficult to operate since there were no pointing devices or
graphics. The commands were difficult to remember but with introduction of window,
commands are activated by clicking

Features of a window

1) Desktop
2) Task bar
3) Desktop background
4) Icons
5) folders
 Desktop

This is the first window which appears when a computer is opened. Desktop is composed of:-

a) Desktop background-to change it you go to the empty space, right click, go to personalize
then choose your favorite, left click

-empty space, right click, go to properties, left click, go to desktop, choose color then click ok.

b) Screen saver-you right click, personalize, and go to screen saver then left click.

Task bar

Comprises of:-

 Start key or windows key

 Time clock

Icons

An icon is a graphic representation of a folder, program or a file

Examples of default icons:-

 My computer
 My document
 Windows explorer
 My network places
 Recycle bin
 Folder (not default)
 Other programs e.g. Mozilla Firefox 14 2 3
13 1
Parts of a window

12
2 5

11
1

10

1. Minimize 6
9

15
8

7
Button
2. Maximize
3. Close
4. Tool Bar
5. Vertical Scroll Bar
6. Clock
7. Task Bar
8. Start Button
9. Horizontal Scroll Bar
10. Window Area/Typing Area
11. Insertion Point
12. Office Button
13. Tabs
14. Title Bar
15. Status bar
Keyboard-This is a typing device

Parts of a keyboard

1) Escape -refreshing
2) F keys –F1, F2, F3………… function keys
Used to access the control unit of the CPU when a computer is not booting up
Also used as a short cut keys e.g. alt + F4= do you want to save
3) Shared keys-
Has two characters and are used to be shared by holding down a shift key
4) Tab key-Spacing uniformly for big spacing
5) Caps lock-Capital or small letters
6) Shift key-used while accessing the shared keys
7) Control key-They are short-cut keys or combination key
8) Window key-start key
9) Space bar-used to space text on a page
10) Right button key (insert key)-Works the same as mouse’s right click
11) Enter- execute, next line
12) Back space-delete backward
13) Delete-deletes forward
14) Typing keys-A-Z
15) Direction keys-up, down, backward, forward
16) Home-start of a line
17) End-end of a line
18) Page up-beginning of a page
19) Page down-end of a page

Folder-

This is a storage location in a computer

Procedure of creating a new folder on the computer desktop

 Right click,
 Select new,
 Go to folder,
 Enter name,
 Press Enter key.

Procedure of saving data into a folder

I. Click office button at the top left corner, then click save as (when saving for the first time)and
save (for subsequent time)
II. Locate where you want to save your work e.g. desktop, my computer, and my document.
III. If saving an a folder on a desktop select desktop, then open the folder
IV. Give a relevant file name then click save
COPY
It’s a command used to duplicate a file or folder
Procedure

 Select the folder or file to copy

 Click edit menu
 Choose copy command
 Specify where to copy
 Click edit menu
 Choose paste command

CUT
It’s a command used to move or transfer a file or folder
Procedure

 Select the folder or a file to cut

 Click edit menu
 Choose cut command
 Specify where to cut
 Click edit menu
 Choose paste command

Procedure of booting up (turning on a computer)

1. Switch on power
2. Make sure all the cables are connected to the power socket
3. Press the power button on the system unit
4. Press on power button on the monitor
5. Input password
6. Then click OK

Procedure of Shutting down the Computer

1. Click start button
2. Click shut down/turn off computer
3. Then turn off

RENAMING
It’s a command used to change the name of a folder or file
Procedure – Select the file or folder to rename, Click file menu, Choose rename command,
Type the new name, Press enter key
 MICROSOFT WORD TOPICS
This is a text editing software use to type and edit text. The command in Ms Word are categorized as
follows
1. HOME TAB- Commands
o Font face –change the font face e.g. Calibri (body), Century gothic, Times New Roman
o Font size-standard font size is number 12
o Orientations- portrait, landscape
o Bullets-start a bulleted list
o Numbering-start a numbered list
o Drop Cap- used to extend the first character in Paragraph
o Case- upper or lower
o Sort-alphabetize the selected text or sort numerical data
o Bold-make the selected text bold
o Italic-italicize the selected text
o Underline-underline the selected text
o Strike through-draw a line through the selected text
o Subscript-create small letters below the text baseline
o Superscript-create small letters above the line of text
o Left alignment-align text to the left
o Center alignment-center text
o Right alignment-align to the right
o Line spacing-spaces between the lines of the text
o Shading-color the background behind the text
o Bottom border-customize the borders of the selected cells
o Find-find and replace text in the document
o Replace-replace text in the document
o Copy and paste

Note: for to carry out the following command one must highlight the text then click the desired
Command.

Exercise one

This is regard, organization such as local authorities land buying companies cooperative societies
private firms and individuals who own parcels of land measuring at least 4hs [10acres] within a
radius of the city/town centers of Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru and Eldoret; and 70 km radius of
the Nairobi city center are invited to express interest in getting into partnership with the
government this Endeavour.

Interested parties may obtain expression of interest [EO] forms from the procurement office,
ministry of housing headquarters, 1st ngong avenue ardhi house 6th flour wing room 60 during
official working hours upon payment of a non-refundable fee of Kenya shillings two
thousand[Ksh2000]in form of cash or in banker’s cheque payable to the permanent secretary
ministry house
Required:-

1. Insert the heading “ministry of housing” in caps font type Tahoma

2. Spell check the document
3. Set the 1st paragraph to the following
 Font elephant
 Style italic
 Color pink
 Character spacing 2 pt
 Text effects sparkle text
4. Replace the word land with plot
5. Add double line border and light turquoise shading to the 2nd paragraph
8. Insert the following page header: Republic of Kenya and Footer: Permanent secretary
9. Insert any building at the bottom of the document from clip art.
6. Insert a drop cap to the 3rd paragraph and set the distance from the text to 0.4”
7. Add a page border to the page using art.

EXERCISE TWO

Type the following latter to appear as it is.

TAHIDI HIGH
SCHOOL,
P. O. BOX 123,
Mombasa,
2ND JUNE 2008.

Dear Parent,
RE: ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

I kindly request you to attend the general meeting which will be held on Saturday 7 th June
2008.The venue will be the school hall. The meeting will start at 10.00am. Please keep
time.

Thanks in advance

Yours faithfully,

Head teacher.

EXERCISE THREE

B ritain’s officer of fair trading said today it would offer rewards of up to 100,000pounds
($198,200) for information which helps to identify and take action against illegal cartels
Cartels are particularly demanding form of anti-competitive behavior and taking action against
them is one of the ofts priorities, said the government consumer and competition watchdog
 The OFT wants to crack down on businesses which illegally agree to fix prices and share markets
Cartels are not just the preserve of big business and are often hard to detect the OFT said.
Cartels are very damaging both to business and consumers and they are usually conducted in
secrets making them hard to detect said Williams OFT Senior director of cartels and criminal
enforcement.
In exceptional circumstances the OFT will pay a reward of up to 100,000 pounds. The policy will
run for trail period of 18 months.

QUESTIONS

Open a new blank document and configure it to have the following settings before typing the
article below on illegal cartels
1. Page setup
Top 1.4”
Bottom 1.32
2. Set the orientation of the page to portrait
3. An A3 paper size will be used to print the final document, hence resize the paper size
4. Type the article and give it the following title “illegal Cartels”
5. Save the document in my document folder.
6. Format the title of the text to have the following features
Bold italic
Underline style should be dotted and color pink
Font size should be size 13
7. It should have the following effects
8. Add a diagonal water mark that should have the following
Omken technologies
9. The water mark should be orange in color and it should not be semitransparent
10. Insert a clip art that relates to the bottom of the paragraphs
11. Insert a foot note and an end note of the word cartels and s consumer respectively.

2. INSERT TAB-

o Table-insert or draw a table into the document specifies the row and column number.
o Picture-insert a picture from a file. Specify where the picture is, i.e. my document, my
pictures
o Clip art-insert clip art into the document, including drawing, movies, sounds, or stock
photography to illustrate a specific concept
o Shapes-insert readymade shapes such as rectangles, circles, arrows, lines
o Smart art-insert to visually communicate information
o Chart-insert to illustrate and compare data
o Header-appears at the top of the page
o Footer -appears at the bottom of the page Footer
o Page number-insert page numbers into the document
o Word art-insert decorative text in your document
o Drop cap-create large capital at the beginning of a paragraph
o Date & time-insert the current date or time into the current document
o Symbol –used to inset specific symbol.
EXERCISE FOUR

1. Attempt the following using smart art tool in ms word

THE BIG FIVE

2. Insert the following using table, clip art & word art tool
3. Attempt the following exercise

UNIVERSAL COLLEGE

T
he college has been offering a variety of courses for student
interested in having basic knowledge 1 computer studies.
The hours are quite satisfactory flexible and training needs
are satisfactory the location is central enough and accessible from all.
There are enough personnel to assist in any area that might see
difficult.

Required:

1) Format the title to bold italic and underline

2) Change the font color to blue and font style Bradley hand ITC
3) Insert the text borders to the title, purple shading to the passage and wavy border style.
4) Mail merge the article to the following people
5) Insert a foot note and an end note of the word computer and satisfactory respectively.

JOHN KAMAU
P.O BOX 453
NAIROBI

STELLA CHERONO
P.O BOX 567
KAPSABET

MERCY KWEYU
P.O BOX 786
BUSIA
5. Save your work as universal

4. Design the table below

MAJENGO FISH SAVINGS & DEVELOPMENT GROUP

WITHRAWAL/TERMINATION FORM
NAME OF APPLICANT: ID NO: DATE OF APPLICATION
REASON FOR APPLICATION:
RECORDS OF CONTRIBUTION
YEAR JAN FEB MARC APRIL MAY JUNE JUL AU SEPT OC NO DE TOTA
H Y G T V C L
2013 CONTRIBUTI
ON
FINES
2014 CONTRIBUTI
ON
FINES
TOTAL DEDUCTIONS (PLEASE NOTE EACH
WITHDRAWING MEMBER IS CHARGED 15% OF TOTAL
SHARE)
EXPENCES
NETPAY
APPROVED BY CHAIRMAN SIGN…………………
DATE……..
SECRETARY SIGN……………….DATE………
.

5. Design the following charts using banners and drawings

 G. manager

Store dept
Acc. dept

Files
Procurement Furniture

3. PAGE LAYOUT

o Margins-select margin sizes for the entire document or current section

o Orientation-switch the pages between portrait and landscape layout
o Size-choose a paper size for the current section
o Page color-choose a color for the background of the page
o Columns-split text to two or more columns
o Breaks-add page, section, or column breaks to the document
o Line numbers-add line numbers in the margin alongside each line of the document
o Watermark-insert ghosted text behind the content on the page
o Page border-add or change the border around the page
o Indent-move in the left or right side of the paragraph by certain amount

Refer to exercise three from question number 7 to 10

References

Table of content – change the heading styles of all heading and sub heading within the
document.
Click where you want to insert the table of content then go to reference tab then table of contents
and choose automatic styles.

Foot note and end note.

Footnote –reference of particular ward within a document.
Highlight the ward within the document then click foot note in the reference tab.
End note - reference of particular ward within a paragraph
Highlight the ward within the document then click end note in the reference tab.
Note: Refer to exercise 3 question 11 exercises 4 question no.3

2
Mailing – It’s a command used to duplicate a letter to different recipients or addresses

Mail merge

Steps

1. Start mail merge

2. Select recipient by typing a new list of recipient and customize records then records ,
3. Insert merge fields
4. Then preview results and
5. Finish the merge by

Procedure

 Type the letter or document

 Click mailing menu
 Choose step by step wizard
 On step 1 to 6 click starting document
 On step 2 to 6 click select recipients
 Click type new list
 Click create command
 Click customized column
 Select a field a click rename button, continue until all fields are renamed
 Select the remaining field and delete using the delete command
 Click ok button
 Type the records
 Click ok and save the records
 Specify where to place the fields on your letter
 Click mailing menu
 Click insert merge fields and specify the field to insert,continue until all the fields are inserted.
 On mailings menu click finish & merge command
 Choose edit individual document
 Click ok botton

Questions ………

Make a data file (save as names in your folder). The fields are:-
 Titles
 First name
 Last name
 Amount
These are the names to be placed in the data base:-
Mr. Kariuki Okelo
Kshs 500

3
 Mrs. Jane Ngata
Kshs 850

Mrs. Jumwa Thoya

Kshs 200

Mr. Jonathan Obongo

Kshs 430

Mrs. Biasha Juma

Kshs 1000

Miss Esther Neema

Kshs 450

Type the form memo inserting the fields. Save it as please in your folder

MEMORANDUM
To; first name, last name

From Rachel mambo

Date; (insert today’s date)

Subject; money owned.

This is to inform you that you still owe (AMOUNT) for the books which I mailed to you, please
remit as soon as possible.

Thank you

Merge the names data base with the please form memo and save as owe memo in your folder.

4
Question………..

BAMBURI CEMENT,

P.O BOX 95816,

MOMBASA.

Dear Sir,

REF: REMINDER OF PAYMENT OF YOUR LONG OUTSTANDING BALANCE

On behalf of our company, I wish to remind your institution through you that you owe us balance of 1
million which has been outstanding for over 90 days.

Please note that, if we do not receive your payment of the same by 31 July, 2008 we shall have no
alternative but to take legal action against your institution to recover all full amount plus all cost of the
case.

Insert your name

Managing director.

 Type the letter above

 Mail merge the above letter basing on the following data source

TITLE INSTITUTION ADDRESS AMOUNT OWED

MANAGING Buzeki ltd 450662 400,000
DIRECTOR
HEADTEACHER Miritini Sec.School 5630 500,000
TRAINING OFFICER Rifkins Collage 3308 1,000,000

Question …………….

 Mail merge the following letter

(Insert today’s date)

<Company>

P.O BOX <address>

<Town>

Dear sir/madam

5
RE: OUTSTANDING BALANCE
This is to inform you that you have an outstanding balance of <balance> for the <item> you bought from
us last month. Kindly take note that accounts not clear after 7 days will subject to 14% increment.

Yours Faithfully,

For: Alphax Technologies Ltd

Use the below as your data source

COMPANY ADDRESS TOWN BALANCE ITEM

Elgon view chemist 3564 ELDORET 2,890 Printer
Barclays bank 3456 KISUMU 5,700 Scanner
District office 5677 KISII 6,900 UPS

Question…………….5

Type the letter and mail merge to the people in the data source below.

<Fname> <Lname>

P.O BOX<Address>

<Town>

Dear<Lname>

RE: INVITATION FOR AN INTERVIEW

We are happy to inform you that you have been shortlisted to come for an interview for the post of
<post>, at the college.

Thank you.
Yours Faithfully,

ALPHAX COMPUTER SCHOOL

DATA SOURCE

FNAME LNAME ADDRESS TOWN POST

John Kiptoo 980 Nandi Cashier
Nelly Moraa 456 Kisii Secretarial
Sophie Wambui 340 Nyeri Librarian
Joany Ochieng 345 Kisumu receptionist

6
Question…….6

Prepare your own data source and mail merge the following letter to the students

<Name>

P.O BOX <address>

<Town>

RE: EXAMINATION RESULTS

This is to inform you that you attained the following marks in your examinations done in November,
2000

COURSE MARKS
Information Technology <It Marks>
Business Communication <Bc Marks>
Quantitative Methods <Qm Marks>

Kindly organize to collect your results slips and certificate first week of January.

6. Review

Spelling & grammar-used to spell check a document by selecting change, ignore or add

Research –search for a particular word

Thesaurus- dictionary

Translate-translate the selected text into a different language

New comment-insert comment/ add a comment about the selection

7. View:-

Print layout-view the document as it will appear on the printed page

Full screen reading-view document in full screen reading view in order to maximize the space available
for reading or commenting on the document

Web layout-view the document as it would look as a web page

Outline-view document as an outline and show the outlining tools

Draft view-view document as a draft to quickly edit the text

Ruler-view the rulers, used to measure & line up objects in the document

Gridlines-turn on gridlines to which you can align in the document

7
Document map-allows you to navigate through a structural view of the document

Thumbnails-use to navigate long document through small pictures of each page

Zoom

MICROSOFT EXCEL
Excel is a program used to carry out calculations both simple and complex in a work sheet. It is organized
into: - workbook, worksheet and a cell.

A workbook contains a worksheet. One can have many worksheets within a single workbook. A
worksheet has columns and rows. Columns are numbered from A-Z, then AA-AZ, BA-BZ, XFD. Rows
are numbered as row no. 1 to 1,048,576

Cell-is an intersection between a row and a column. All cells are given a name e.g. A3, D3, C10

Uses of excel

 In accounting
 In budgeting
 In calculation (complex & simple)
 Data entry and analysis, sorting
 Charts and graph.
 Other commercial arithmetic.

After entering data, one should format the table by bolding, underlining, coloring, alignment and
bordering.

8
Formulas:-

SUM FUNCTIONS
They include sum. Average, minimum, maximum, and counting etc

Sum – used for adding numbers

I. you indicate =sum(B5:H5), press ENTER

II. go to home, sum function, highlight the row you want to add, then press enter
III. after getting the first sum, auto fill(copy the first formula to the rest of the rows by clicking and
holding down at far bottom corner of the cell when a black cross appear hold down then drag to
the bottom of the rows you are adding.

Note:-remember to start with equals sign (=)

Exercise. 1

Prepare the work sheet below and perform the tasks below

TENGECHA HIGH SCHOOL

P.O BOX 12345
MOCK RESULTS FOR FORM 4 TERM 2 2006
STUDENTS MATH ENG KIS CHEM BIO PHY COMP
NAME
ABDUL 50 55 75 91 90 72 95
WAIGANJO 65 77 85 89 62 77 80
JANE 40 55 56 60 75 56 77
BARNABS 45 61 85 44 63 82 61
LUCY 65 57 45 66 58 77 57
ATIENO 55 80 81 90 80 85 95
MOISE 74 75 48 60 72 75 51
JEAN 55 66 77 45 85 55 84
WILLIAM 61 51 56 62 82 69 75
KERRY 57 60 49 49 77 55 66
JULIANA 63 45 51 55 64 48 60
ADONIJA 39 62 49 61 75 64 55
ABRAHAM 45 50 75 57 55 75 50
YUSTO 60 79 63 75 69 80 69
ADELAIDE 44 75 51 75 55 49 60
Required:

 Calculate the horizontal and the vertical totals

 Use the necessary formula to count the number of students who sat for mock exams
 Obtain the total marks , average, minimum and maximum for each student
 Obtain average score for each student.

9
REFERENCING FUNCTIONS:-
This is functions which are self created or customized.

 One refers to a particular cell when carrying out function

 One must begin with:-EQUAL SIGN(=)
One can calculate the following using cell referencing
 Allowance=n/100*basic salary, press enter
 Gross pay=basic salary +allowance, press enter
 Deductions=n/100*gross pay, press enter
 Net pay=gross pay-deductions, press enter

EXERCISE TWO

1. The following table shows figures giving details of earning of employees of mutual engineering
ltd.They are given allowances of 20% of basic salary. Deductions are calculated at 8% of the gross pay.

NAME BASIC PAY ALLOWANCES GROSS PAY DEDUCTION NET PAY

S
Alice 21,000
Joan 12,000
Fred 12,700
Kaparo 15,600
Alex 15,000

I. Design a spreadsheet that will hold the data. Give it a title and label all row and column heads
appropriately. Save your work book as mutual engineering ltd.
II. By use of absolute cells reference calculate all employees’ allowances. Write down the
formula that calculates Alice’s allowances.
III. Calculate the employee’s gross pay. Write down the formula that calculates Alex’s net
pay.

2. The table below shows part of a spreadsheet that is used by a company that employees sales persons. In
addition to the basic salary each receives a commission of 20% on goods sold. All four are taxed at a rate
of 15%. Save your work as QUESTION 1

Employee Basic Sales Commission Gross Tax Net income

Edgar 12000 3000
Sheila 13000 3100
Wallace 16000 3500
Deirdre 17000 3800
Thoas 15000 2500
Solomon 16000 2000
Mohammed 14000 3200
Damson 12000 2500
Nicholas 13000 2000

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 Philip 14000 3000

 Prepare the worksheet to hold the data

 Calculate the employee’s commission. write the formula that returns Edgar’s commission
 Calculate the employee’s gross pay. Give the formula
 Calculate the employee’s net pay. Write the formula that computes Wallace net income

IF FUNCTION
If function-this is a function used to compute and give more than two results of desired outcome. It uses
logical operations e.g. more than, less than or equal to:-

Example-

a. If basic pay of an employee is more than 10,000, then employee is a permanent. Else employee is
casual
i. If condition >10,000
ii. Value if true = permanent
iii. Value if false = casual
b. Go to formulas, logical, click if, then fill
 If logical test_______=condition e.g. >10,000
 Value if true______ =desired outcome
 Value if false_____ _=any
c. If average mark of students in an exam is 60, then grade is PASS. Else grade is FAIL.
i. Condition =>60 A =80-100
ii. True =pass B =70-79
iii. False =fail C =60-69
D=50-59
E=<49

QUIZ
1. Refer to exercise 1 and answer the following question
1, Insert a new column called grade .using IF function obtain grade for each student using the
instructions below:-
80-100 A
75-79 A-
70-74 B+
65-69 B
60-64 B-
59-60 C+
50-55 C 11
BELOW 49 E
 2. Refer to exercise two and answer the following question:-

Using IF functions; categorize the employees getting Net pay of above kshs 10,000 as
permanent and below ksh10, 000 as casual.

CHARTS:-
-They are used to represent data on a graphical format.
-Procedure:-
 From your table select columns which should be used as X and Y e.g. NAME
against NET PAY
 In insert tab, select chart type e.g. column chart
 Select a layout and indicate chart title
 Move the chart on a new sheet or as an object on the same sheet

Examples of a column chart

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 Employees Basic Pay
MOSES
100,000 WILFRED
90,000 JAMES
80,000 CAROLYN
70,000 ANN
MIKAL
60,000
EDWARD
50,000 STEVE
40,000 MUTHONI
30,000 MWANGA
20,000 EMMANUEL
FRANCO
10,000
0
BASIC SALARY

Examples of a pie chart

BASIC SALARY
MOSES WILFRED
JAMES CAROLYN
ANN MIKAL
EDWARD STEVE
MUTHONI MWANGA
EMMANUEL FRANCO

QUIZ

Refer to exercise two,

i. create a column chart to display employee’s basic pay

ii. Create a pie chart of employee’s net pay

FILTER

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Filter-is a tool in excel used to query or select data in a given criteria

Types of filters:-

 Sort filter-used to arrange data in ascending or descending order

 Color filter-used to filter data by use of color
 Number filter-used to filter data in a given criteria i.e. less than, equal to, greater than, less than
or equal to.
 Text filter-used to filter data with a given criteria i.e. filter group of data with same text e.g.
employees of a sales department or employees of computer department.

Exercise

1. Attempt the following questions of the table below...

BASIC DEPARTMEN
NAME PAY T AGE STATUS
MERCY 1000 computer 70 single
MARY 12000 computer 45 married
ANNE 13000 finance 32 divorced
PAUL 23000 finance 25 single
NANEY 45000 research 27 married
THOMAS 50000 computer 78 divorced
LYNNE 64000 finance 56 single
HELLENE 41000 research 45 married
PAUL 34000 computer 35 divorced
ALEX 26000 finance 36 single
CAROL 54000 research 38 married
LILLIAN 36000 computer 47 divorced
JANE 24000 finance 58 single
DORIS 16000 research 63 married
JAMES 15000 finance 64 divorced

i. Filter the number of people with a basic salary greater than 32,000(save as one)
ii. The number of people with a basic salary of less than 45,000(save as two)
iii. The number of people who are either married or single(save as three)
iv. The number of people with a basic salary greater than or equal to 50,000(save as four)
v. Sort the oldest employee, the oldest employee in finance department(save as five)
vi. The highest paid in the research department
vii. The number of people who are divorced
viii. The number of people who are in computer department
ix. The number of people who are above 45 yrs old
x. The number of people with basic salary of greater than 35,000

14
2. Attempt the following exercise and answer the questions that follow

STAFF PAYMENT SYSTEM

DEPARTMEN BASIC
NAMES T SALARY
MOSES accounts 80,000
WILFRED accounts 90,000
JAMES sales 40,000
CAROLYN accounts 65,000
ANN sales 70,000
MIKAL sales 82,000
EDWARD accounts 95,000
STEVE sales 50,000
MUTHONI accounts 64,000
MWANGA sales 75,000
EMMANUE
L sales 60,000
FRANCO accounts 85,000

i. Create the table above and save it as staffing

ii. Given that the department are taxed basing the following criteria

Department Tax
Accounts 11%
Sales 12%
Calculate the following:-
 Allowance -15% of basic salary
 Gross pay
 Tax
 Net pay
iii. Create a chart that will display name against the pay net, call it pay slip
iv. Carry out the following task formed on the above table
 Rotate the title to 250
 Size 12
 Color red and merge center

15
Review

New comment-used to write a comment on a given cell in a table

-One can delete comment by highlighting comment, press delete on the review tab and comment section.

Adding a comment-click review tab, comment section, and then click new comment.

Protect worksheet-is a tool used to protect a worksheet so that it cannot be altered after a data has been
entered

-click on review, click on protect sheet, enter password to unprotect sheet, confirm password by entering
the same password

View

Types of views:-

a. Normal
b. Page layout
c. Page break preview

Freezing – It’s a command used to make data stationary when scrolling

Types of freezes:-

i. Freeze panes-keep rows and columns visible while the rest of the worksheet scrolls(based on
current selection)
ii. Freeze top row-keep the top row visible while scrolling through the rest of the worksheet
iii. Freeze first column-keep the first column visible while scrolling through the rest of the
worksheet

16
OTHER EXERCISES

1.-the following table was extracted from tourist report record. Use it to answer the questions that follow:-

NAME OF HOTEL MON TUE WED THUR FRI SAT SUN

NYALI BEACH
HOTEL 3500 400 900 5000 750 10 500
REEF HOTEL 2100 500 1120 1500 670 200 455
SERENA BEACH
HOTEL 1500 661 1121 2001 678 30 2000
WHITE SANDS 4500 772 1122 2007 700 150 1500
AQUA MARINE 5000 935 1300 3000 800 600 2007
HOTEL SAPHIRE 1500 345 400 1500 451 700 300
NEPTUNE BEACH
HOTEL 1000 210 510 600 530 900 400
SUN N SANDS 3000 3400 670 900 500 100 500
TRAVELLERS
BEACH HOTEL 4500 500 1000 700 4000 200 450
PARADISE BEACH
HOTEL 600 2000 4000 450 5000 100 500

a) Insert a column in cell A1, and then merge cells A1 to A11. Type the title TOURIST
b) Format the title to font impact, size 21, color pink, bold italic
c) Sort the hotels in descending order
d) Using a formula, calculate the day which had the highest number of tourists
e) Format the figures into one decimal place and align them to the center
f) Rotate the title of the week to 350 then format them with blue color, font curls MT, size 20
g) Using a formula calculate the number of tourist who visited reef hotel and aqua marine
h) Using a formula, calculate mon , tue, and Fri. visitors
i) Calculate the number of all visitors
j) Auto format your table
2. The following is a table extracted from student performance report.

STD INTR MS- ACCES EXCE

ADM. NO. NAME O DOS WINDOW WORD S L
AB 30 kamau 60 30 15 13 25 30
AB 31 Hassan 70 25 116 19 24 14
AB 32 Anne 55 15 17 15 24 16
AB 33 Njoroge 45 17 18 20 18 25
AB 34 muse 60 18 20 24 13 25
AB 35 rose 70 17 22 23 25 28
AB 36 peter 82 20 24 20 24 28
AB 37 Simon 91 30 21 21 26 29
AB 38 Jacob 80 20 18 22 29 30

17
 I. Create the table using the data above
II. Insert a title “student performance”
III. Format the title font curls MT, size 20, color pink, alignment style horizontal center, vertical
center and merge check from A1-J1
IV. Insert cell I2, calculate the total and J2, the average mark for the students
V. Rotate the title to negative 350 then format them with blue color and italic
VI. Using IF function, calculate the remark given that:-
IF AVERAGE IS THEN RETURN
o greater than 75 vizuri Sana
o between 65-75 vizuri
o between 50-65 jaribio
o less than 50 jikaze

VII. Insert a double outline border to surround the table and a dotted border in inside. outline border,
format it with red color and inside sea green color
VIII. Auto format the table

MICROSOFT ACCESS
-Ms Access is a database program

-A database is an organized collection of data of a known institution or organization e.g. Data of

employees, student records of a given school

-Examples of programmers used to run database:-

 MS EXCEL
 DATABASE FIVE (DB 5)
 ORACLE
 SAP

-Database programs are backbone of many systems. I.e. programs designed to perform particular
functions

-Examples of systems:-

 Banking systems
 School record systems
 Online systems

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 Components of MS ACCESS DATABASE:-

a) TABLE-

-A table is the main component of Ms Access Database; it is composts of fields, records, primary key,
data types

A field--This is a data entered into a given table. They are of the same property e.g. a field of names,
admission numbers, fees, are of residence

A record--This is data that describes entity in a table

A primary key--This is a unique field which identifies data/entities in a table. Each table must have a
primary key .e.g. Admission number; ID number (can’t be repeated)

Data type-These are different forms of data which can be entered in a table

1) Text--They are alphabet (A-Z), or mixture of alphabet and numbers. Text cannot be manipulated e.g.
can’t add, multiply e.g. Phone numbers, names of places or people, characters as slash (/)

2) Numbers--This is a data that can be manipulated in a table e.g. distance, weight

3) Memo-This is a description of data in a table e.g. The Blue Mercedes Benz 5000cc with a price of
(market value of) 3.5 million. You can use up to 255 characters

4) Date/Time-When describing data that holds date & time e.g. Date of Birth, Date of Arrival, Time of
Arrival/Departure, and Date of Admission

5) Currency-Used to hold financial data e.g. money, price, rent

6) Auto Number-This is auto numbering of records in a table

7) Yes/No-This are options which are given according to particular data which are either each or other
e.g. employment, dead or alive?

8) OLE object (OBJECT LINKAGE ENVIROMENT)-When you want to add a picture, photograph

10) Attachment-When you want to attach data e.g. a file to a table, a photo etc

OTHER COMPONENTS are:-

b) Form-This is a component used to enter data into a table

c) Query-This is used to give particular criteria into a table. Used to organize data, display data of
particular criteria into a table

d) Report-This is used to organize data in a table.

Fields

Primary 19
key
 Records

Procedure of Creating a Database

 Click Microsoft access, go to new blank database then give it a name which is relevant to the
database, create
Procedure of creating a table
 Click on the Home tab, view, then to design view, click and give the table a name
 List the fields of the table
 Assign data types of the field
 Assign primary key
 Then click database view in the home tab
 Enter data in a row form

FORM-Is used to enter data into a table

Types of forms

 Form
 Split form
 Blank form
 Form design

FORM DESIGN:-

 Click, go to design and go to add existing fields, drag the fields specified for the form

QUERY-is used to access data in a particular criteria

Query tools:-

a) Sort-arranging data in ascending and descending data, click run

b) Show-show fields which should appear on the query by checking and click run
c) Criteria-used to access particular data from the table

Procedure of criteria:-

 Type the criteria below the field e.g. female, male under gender field in the table

20
Calculations on a query:-

 After inserting all the fields, by double clicking, go to the last field on the query e.g. = [AGE] + 5

EXAMPLE:-

 All vehicles whose second character is B save it as modern. Go to query, criteria and click *B*
then run!
 Drivers whose age is between 35 years to 40years---
write BETWEEN 35 AND 40
 Other vehicle excluding lorries----write NOT LORRY at criteria

Query wizard

 Go to create, query wizard, choose simple query wizard, and choose fields under table/queries
you want to use, transfer >>, click next, detail [shows every field of every record], click next,
then finish
 Report design
 Go to report design, add existing fields, drag them and arrange in the report design

Report wizard

 Click report wizard, transfer available fields, next, do you want to add any grouping levels, next,
next, stepped, next, style, next, title, finish.

Relationships

This is one of most powerful tool in Ms Access. Used to connect more than one table in a given database.
After connecting the tables, one can get a single query from the tables connected.

Procedure of creating relational database

1) Go to database tools, and then click relationship. Add tables you want to connect into the
relationships
2) Find the links that link the tables
3) Drag and drop the fields that has relational with each other
4) Click create relationship in the dialogue box
5) Save your relationship
6) Then close

Practice exercises:-

21
Create the following databases and answer the questions below them

QUESTIONS

1. Create a database known as Unik Driving School

ADM
F NAME S NAME GENDER AGE AOR FEE
NO
U400 SAMMY KAMAU MALE 24 BURUBURU 4500
U401 ROSE MUSA FEMALE 18 KAREN 7000
U402 MARY ALI FEMALE 14 WESTLAND 8000
U403 STELLA MOHAMED FEMALE 16 SOUTH B 4500
U404 JACKSON MARK MALE 19 SOUTH C 5000
U405 JEFF DICKSON MALE 24 BURUBURU 6000
U406 AZIZA SOLOMON FEMALE 31 DANDORA 7000
U407 NASSIR MATHEW MALE 32 DANDORA 8000
U408 LINET PETER FEMALE 28 BURUBURU 7000
U409 MARIAM MWALIMU FEMALE 25 SOUTH C 2000
U410 JOEL MAMBO MALE 20 SOUTH B 1000

1. Using design view create the table above

 Create a query to display all the male students save it as male
 Create a query to display all the students from Buruburu save it as Buruburu
 Create a query to display all the students whose fee are greater than 5,000 and add an
increase of 500 then save your query as increase
 Create a query to display all students whose adm no. is Between U402 To U408 and have
paid fee less than kshs 6,000 save it as quiz
2. Create a form and display all the records for all the students in unik driving school save it as unik
3. Create a report to display the unik driving school save it as table

Create a report displaying the table content and save it as Mombasa report

22
3. Create the table below and name it elections table

VOTERS NO AGE MSA NRB KKG

ECK 2007 001 18 50000 10000 40000
ECK 2007 002 18 50000 10000 40000
ECK 2007 003 18 50000 10000 40000
ECK 2007 004 19 10000 50000 30000
ECK 2007 005 19 10000 50000 30000
ECK 2007 006 19 10000 50000 30000
ECK 2007 007 20 40000 30000 50000
ECK 2007 008 20 40000 30000 50000
ECK 2007 009 20 40000 30000 50000
ECK 2007 010 20 30000 40000 10000
ECK 2007 011 20 30000 40000 10000
ECK 2007 012 20 30000 40000 10000

-The table shows the voters number, age and total votes in three towns

a. Create a query to display voters no. who voted in Nairobi

b. Create query that will display the town with majority of voters call it majority
c. Create a form known as election using form wizard
d. Create a report using design view call it minimum

4. Create a database known as COAST BEACH using the data below

NAME ROOM NO NO OF DAYS COST/DAY

Joel G10 4 2000
Christopher G13 5 2000
nyambura F05 3 2500
faith F04 6 2500
peter F11 10 2500
Judith S13 15 3000
Gladys S10 8 3000
odongo T09 8 3500
Winnie T12 10 3500

REQUIRED:

1) Using design view method create a table known as customers and enter the following data
2) Create queries that will do the following
 Display customers residing on the first flour
 Display cost/day greater than 2000
 Display the total cost for the customers during that period

23
  Customers whose name end with r
3) Using form wizard design a form based on the customer table and use it to add at least 10 records
4) Create the report to display only the customers on the third floor[ T ]

5.Create a database as HAKIKA Transportation System

Vehicle No Vehicle type Driver Gender Age Distance Income per day
KAZ500N CAR MARK MALE 28 600 15,000.00
KVZ700K LORRY MOSES MALE 50 400 123,000.00
KBC980W LORRY AMOS MALE 40 700 15,000.00
KBA900T LORRY JOB MALE 38 550 80,000.00
KVY430W BUS TOM MALE 35 100 11,000.00
KAX 300T LORRY MALE MALE 29 400 20,000.00
KBB540X PICK UP NANCY FEMALE 42 70 2,000.00
KBA500N LORRY CAREN FEMALE 33 90 4,000.00
KAX400T LORRY LUCY FEMALE 31 500 200,000.00
KBB400N BUS MARY FEMALE 40 200 40,000.00

Required

1. Create a query that will display the following

 The age of drivers in five years time save it as old staff

 All the recent vehicle number whose second character is B save it as modern
 All the lorries that generate income above kshs 100,000 save it as m
 All drivers whose f name begins with character M save it as M
 All male drivers whose age is between 35 years to 40 years save it as legends

2. Create forms that will be used to record the following

 Female gender whose age is greater than 30 years and drive lorry
 An increase of kshs 1,000 for every vehicle. Save it as increase
 All vehicle that whose income is greater than kshs 70,000 and save it as income
 All other vehicle excluding lorries save it as X-lorry
 Forms to display the transport income table save it as transport

3. Create a report using design view with raha yote transportation system as header and designed by
‘’your name’’ as a footer and save it as exam

6. Read and attempt the questions that follow the table below

24
Relational database

Employee Last name First name Location Title ID Salary Gender Performanc
ID ID e
10000 Milgrom Pamela L02 T02 57,500 F Average
11111 Adams Jennifer L01 T03 19,500 F Average
20000 Johnson James L03 T01 47,500 M Good
22222 Coulter Tracey L01 T02 100,000 F Good
30000 Marlin Billy L04 T02 125,000 M Good
33333 Smith Mark L03 T01 42,500 M Average
40000 Manin Ann L02 T01 49,500 F Average
44444 Smith Francine L01 T01 65,000 F Good
50000 Brown Mark L01 T03 18,500 M Poor
55555 Frank Vernon L04 T01 75,000 M Good
60000 Rubin Patricia L02 T01 45,000 F Average
66666 Charles Kenneth L02 T01 40,000 M Poor
70000 Adamson David L03 T02 52,000 M Poor
77777 Marder Kelly L03 T01 38,500 F Average
(a) The employees table

Location ID Location Address State Zip code Office phone

L01 Atlanta 450 Peachtree road GA 30316 (404) 333-5555
L02 Boston 3 commons blvd MA 02190 (617) 123-4444
L03 Chicago 500 loop highway IL 60620 (312) 444-6666
L04 Miami 210 Biscayne blvd FL 33103 (305) 787-9999
(b) The locations table

Title Title Description Education required Minimum salary Maximum salary

ID
T01 Account rep A marketing Four year degree 25,000 75,000
T02 Manager A supervisory Four year degree 50,000 150,000
T03 trainee An entry- level Two year degree 18,000 25,000
(c) The titles table
 At which location does Pamela milgrom work? What is number of her office?
 Which employees are managers?
 Which employees work in the ‘’Boston’’ office? What is their number?
 What changes (s) are necessary to accommodate a new number for the Boston office?

MICROSOFT POWER POINT

 Ms PowerPoint is presentation software.
 Presentation software are used for making or keeping audience active:-

25
  In seminars,
 Board meetings
 Churches summons.
 Teaching
 Entertainment
 PowerPoint works with slides.
 A slide is a area that contain text boxes where presentations are keyed in.

Types of slide layout

1. Title slide-used for introduction of a presentation

2. Title and content-used for typing heading and content of a presentation
3. Section header-typing heading only
4. Two content –typing contents of two different sub-headings of a representation
5. Comparison-used in comparing two contents of a presentation
6. Title only-typing title only
7. Blank-used for customized designing of a slide in a presentation

Steps of creating a representation

1) Create slides by typing data on the slides. The data should be summarized, also choose an
appropriate slide layout for your slide.
2) Design your slide(choose a design layout for your slide)
3) Animate your work presentation by:-
a. Custom animation-click the text you want to animate in the slide, and then add effects.
There are three different types of effects:-
 Entrance effect e.g. blinds, box, checkerboard, and diamond, fly in.
 Emphasis e.g. change font, change font size, grow/shrink
 Exit e.g. blinds, box, checkerboard, diamond, fly out
 Motion paths e.g. diagonal down right, diagonal up right, down, left, right, up

26
 b. Slide transition-choose an appropriate slide transition animation
-Choose sound and speed of transition
-Choose one and apply to all the slides or each slide to have it’s own slide transition
-Choose advance slide
 On mouse click when presenting using mouse by clicking
 by automatically playing itself hence entering time in seconds
4) Set up a slide transition by:-
 From beginning of slide
 From current slide
 Custom slide show

Slide show entells-one can play from;-

a. Beginning
b. Current slide
c. Custom by using slide which you want to present

Set-up slide show entells;- one can remove color, remove animation, rehearse yourself

Types of slide view

1. Normal
2. Slide sorter view-sort, click and drag to the desired place
3. Notes page-used to discuss the content of a slide
4. Slide show view- used when making presentation
5. Handout master

Page set up-slide---------- portrait

Click ok
-Handouts---- landscape

Slides per page-choose the number of slides per page.

Exercise

Design a presentation about drug abuse in Mombasa county to be used by NACADA in drug awareness
summit in the year 2015.

 Talk about different types of drugs

 Talk about drugs being abused mostly in the county
 How to take care of people affected by drugs
 Highlight areas which have the most high number of people affected by drug abuse
 Set representation as drug abuse.
Note pages
MICROSOFT PUBLISHER
-It’s an application package used for designing purposes. It’s a desktop publishing program. A
file created in MS PUBLISHER is known as publication.

-“Ms Office publisher 2007 is the business publishing program that helps you create, design
and publish professional-looking marketing and communication materials. You can create
materials for print, e-mail, and the web with an intuitive, task-based environment that guides you
from initial concept to final delivery in-house without professional design and production
expertise”

Starting ms publisher
-Select start, all programs, Microsoft office, and Microsoft office publisher 2007

Publication tools

Select objects-used to select text boxes, tables, word art or pictures. Once selected, you can
resize an object, move it around or delete it

1) Text box-
 On objects toolbar, click text box.
 In your publication, click where you want one corner of the text to appear, and
then drag diagonally until you have the box size that you want.
 Enter the text you want in the text box
2) Insert table
 Click insert table
 Click inside your publication. The create table dialogue box will appear
 Select the options you want, and then click ok
 In the table, click the cell where you want to add text, and then start typing.
 To add text to another cell, click inside that cell. Each cell expands to fit your text, unless
you lock the table size by clearing the check mark next to grow to fit text on the table
menu.
3) Insert word art
 Word art is a gallery of text styles that you can add to your 2007 Microsoft office system
documents to create decorative effects, such as shadowed or mirrored (reflected) text
 4) Picture frame
 Pictures have power on the page to grab your reader’s attention and to convey or enhance your
message. Pictures help the reader scan the page and find entry points into the text.
 They give the reader a quick summary of what the text is about and help the reader gauge his or
her interest in diving into it.
 They also can help a reader quickly grasp complex ideas.
 Pictures can relieve the tedium of gray type. But they can also distract the reader from your
message if the pictures don’t relate closely to the message. Make sure you are in control of your
message with the pictures that you use in your publication.
5) Line
 On the objects tool bar, click line
 Position the mouse pointer where you want the line to begin, and then drag the mouse
6) Oval
To add a circle, click oval on the objects toolbar.
Click in your publication where you want the shape to appear
After you add the shape to your publication, click the shape and drag an adjust handle
until you have the size that you want
7) Rectangle
o To add a circle or a square, click oval or rectangle on the objects toolbar
o Click in your publication where you want the shape to appear.
o After you add the shape to your publication, click the shape and drag an adjust handle
until you have the size that you want.

Starting a publication

 When you open Microsoft office publisher 2007, you will first see a screen that looks like this:

To start your document

 Click on the publication type you want from either the publication types listed on the left or from
the popular publication types listed in the center.
 After you click, you will be taken to a screen that lets you choose from several pre-designed
templates for the publication type you want to work on. For example, the customization page for
newsletter looks like this:
 a) Customization options will appear on the right side of the screen. (Each publication type may
have different customization options.)examples as shown above include:
 Color scheme
 Font scheme
 Business information( you can upload and store your company/ personal logo and colors)
 The page size
b) After you select your options, click on create
Types of publication:-
o Customized publication
o Publications for Print

Customized publication

We have several publications I ms publisher the following are among them.

1. Design calendar
2. Business cards
3. Certificates
4. Gift cards

Ones should customize each publication according to your desired design

Consider the following

1. Paper size
2. Colour
3. Font type
4. Insert image /photo
 INTERNET AND EMAIL
ESSENTIALS
Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Intrnet
protocol suites (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. It is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and electronic, wireless and optical
networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and
services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW), the
infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks.

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser0 is a software application for retrieving,

presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An web page, image,
video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate
their browsers to related resources.

Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to
access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.

The major web browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and
Safari.

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the web) is a system
of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With web browsers, one can view
web pages that may contain text, images, videos and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks.
A website, also written as web site, web site, or simply site, is a set of related web pages served
from a single web domain. a website is hosted on at least web server, accessible via a network
such as internet or a private local area network through an internet address known as a uniform
resource locater. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the world wide web.

A webpage is a document, typically written plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of
Hypertext Mark Language (HTLM, XHTLM). A webpage may incorporate elements from other
websites with suitable markup anchors.

WebPages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which
may optionally employ encryption (HTTP secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for
the user of the web content. The user’s application, often a web browser, renders the page
content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.

The pages of a website can usually be accessed from a simple uniform resource locater (URL)
called the web address. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyper
linking between them conveys the reader’s perceived structure and guides the reader’s navigation
of the site which generally includes as home page with most of the links to the site’s web
content, and supplementary about ,contact and link page.
A web search engine is software that is designed to search for information on the World Wide
Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search
engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a specialist in web pages, images,
information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases
or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained only by human editors, search
engines also maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler.

Examples

 Google
 Yahoo
 Bing
 Baidu
 Ask
 AOL
PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD
 Numeric pad 0-9
 Cursor movement keys
 Type writer keysA-Z,0-9,Symbols??,,,,,,…….
 Functional keys F1-F12
 Control keys e .g Backspace, Enter, shift, caps lock etc