LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ART provide us with all the evidence about the

APPRECIAITON timelessness and universal value of art

and its unique contribution to mankind.
MEANINGS OF ART
ART IS NOT NATURE
ETYMOLOGY
- It is a self-assumption that art is not
- French word art which means skill as a
nature simply because the natural things
result of learning or practice
around us as we believe created by God
- Latin word ars – ability or practical skills.
is a work of art. Though man’s art may
- Art is a product of man’s inventiveness
get from the nature or environment for
and creativity.
inspirations, man most of the time deal
- According to Susanne Lander, Art molds
with the art using his own ability and skills
our actual life of feelings, by giving form
to create one
to the world, it articulates human nature,
sensitivity, energy, passion and mortality. ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
- Art is generally understood as any
- All art involves experience. Experience is
activity or product done by people with a
the actual doing of something. The
communicative or aesthetic purpose.
perfection of art appreciation will never
be possible without experiencing art. All
art requires experience
• Art is concerned with sensuous medium
such as the mind, senses and arousing TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIENCES
inner emotions
EXPERIENCE OF ART IS SUBJECTIVE
• Art is the human ability to make things of
beauty and things that stir man; it is - Our judgement of art is highly personal

creativity. and individual. Not everybody will agree

• Art is not meant to be looked at only for on ones judgment therefore it’s

what it is. It is meant to stimulate thought tantamount to a famous saying that

because it allows viewers to draw their own “beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”

emotions and pull from their personal ART EXPERIENCE ACCOMPANIED BY

experiences when viewed. It is very EMOTIONAL RESPONSE
powerful in this way and it naturally
- Initial reaction in such experience of art
develops critical and innovative thinking
is inevitable. We may either like it or the
skills. Art also teaches many important
other way around. Just like the first one,
qualities such as listening, observing and
the emotional effect of art in one person
responding to multiple perspectives.
may not be the same to others.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
ART AS A PROCESS AND A PRODUCT
ART IS UNIVERSAL
- The acts such as drawing, painting,
- Art immortalizes man and his marvelous sculpting, decorating, designing
achievements. Literature and history buildings, building bridges, engineering
 and technology, singing, dancing. defined, the humanities are the study of
etching, a musical composition, human culture through languages,
choreography or a tapestry and the use philosophy, and any forms of art
of camera or computers to create images • The single most important word in
and memorable works and etc. humanities is obviously, “human.”
Humanities address the question of what it
NATURE OF ART
means to be human and how we, as
Art is created by man for representation of humans, interact with each other
life or simply the way of life identified as
follows: • Human must be cultured, educated and

TO EXPRESS LIFE refined.

- exploring ideals and possibilities – Vision

CULTURED
and creation.
- is characterized by refined taste and
TO PROVIDE SOCIAL VALUES AND
manners and good education.
CULTURAL IDENTITY
EDUCATED
- Order and structure.
- means with rationality, kindness and
TO BRIDGE HUMAN INTELLIGENCE AND
tenderness.
PERCEPTIONS
REFINED
- Form and Meaning
- means polished, polite, cautious
RELATIONSHIP OF ART AND HUMANITIES
behavior.
ARTS IN HUMANITIES
AIM OF HUMANITIES
- Art is a human experience through words
- The role of human is to promote
and non-verbal forms of expression. Arts
awareness of the interrelationships of all
is the act of creation itself whether
fields of knowledge because it
through performance or the physical
represents people’s highest goals,
production of works. The creation is also
aspirations, hopes and ambitions as well
the product based on research and
as challenges, disappointments and
methodology necessary for humanities to
frustrations reflected in various acts
survive in all aspect of existence.
HUMANITIES AS A SOCIAL SCIENCE
• Humanities comes from the Latin word –
ANTHROPOLOGY
Humanus.
• Humanities play a number of roles in a - study of man’s beginnings.

man's life, including providing greater PSYCHOLOGY

insight into the world, helping to better
- study of man’s mind and his behavior.
understand both the past and the future
and fostering a sense of empathy. Broadly
LINGUISTICS sewn, assembled, or otherwise shaped
and combined.
- study of man’s languages
DECORATING
CULTURAL STUDIES
- any of those arts that are concerned with
- study of man’s beliefs, arts, customs,
the design and decoration of objects for
literature, etc
personal or commercial purposes.
COMMUNICATION
DESIGNING BUILDINGS
- art of sharing information
- the use of any building materials that is
ART IN HUMANITIES functional, flexible and durable for the
intended purpose of the building.
• Art in Humanities is something that
expresses an idea, an emotion or, more BUILDING BRIDGES
generally, a world view.
- a structure built to span a physical
• It is a component of culture, reflecting
obstacle (such as a body of water, valley,
economic and social substrates in its
road, or rail) without blocking the way
design.
underneath.
• Art transmits ideas and values inherent in
every culture across space and time ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
• Art’s role changes through time, acquiring - the art of creative technology and
more of an aesthetic component and a engineering allows engineers to
socio-educational function in humanities. improvise and confront new situations. A

COMMON ART EXAMPLES creative engineer can adapt to change

and successfully take on new problems
DRAWINGS / SKETCHING
with new set of formula.
- any drawings for the purpose of
ART IN SINGING
expression or function
- is the act of producing musical sounds
BLUE PRINTS
with the voice. A person who sings is
- house, furniture, appliances and etc. called a singer or vocalist (examples of
genre are jazz and popular music).
PAINTING
ART IN DANCING
- is an image (artwork) created using
pigments (color) on a surface (ground) - a sequence of body movements,
such as paper or canvas. accompanied by music. The art of dance
is also known as a form of performing art.
SCULPTING
ETCHING
- creating three-dimensional art object
using any materials either by carved, - is a printmaking technique that uses
modeled, molded, cast, wrought, welded, chemical action to produce incised lines
 in a metal printing plate which then hold sculpture, architecture, and other notable drawing,
the applied ink and form the image. including the modern-day printmaking, decorative
arts, photography, interior designs and other art
MUSICAL COMPOSITION
products.
- the act of conceiving a piece of music,
ART HISTORIOGRPHY PRIMARY
the art of creating music, or the finished
CONCERN
product.
• To discover who made the particular art piece or
CHOREOGRAPHY
object; and
- is the art of making dances or other • To understand techniques and format
artistic body movements, or the developments of artistic traditions in a greater
gathering and organization of movement measure and within a broad historical perspective.
into order and pattern.
ART HISTORIAN
TAPESTRY
• analyze visual arts’ meaning and are
- a form of textile art, traditionally woven by interested in what the works of art
hand on a loom. Tapestry is weft-faced represented at the time they were created.
weaving, in which all the warp threads It is a way to learn about the civilizations of
are hidden in the completed work. the past and its connection to the present
CAMERA ART IMAGES time.

- creating or capturing still or moving ART ICONOGRAPHY

images using a camera. Photography or
• It is the science of identification,
video making is an art form using digital
description, classification, and
camera and treated using computer apps
interpretation of symbols, themes, and
or soft wares.
subject matter in the creation of the visual
• Art gives meaning to our lives and helps us arts
understand our world. It is an essential part o Era Period
of our culture because it allows us to have o Circa Movement
a deeper understanding of our emotions. It o Timeline Stage
increases our self-awareness, and also o Time Division
allows us to be open to new ideas and o Chronological Dating
experiences.

LESSON 2: APPRECIATING ART HISTORY

WHAT IS ART HISTORY?

ART HISTORIOGRPHY
Time
• is the historical study of the visual arts which aims
Tags
to identify, classify, describe, evaluate, interpret,
and understand the historical progress of painting, CHRISTIAN / WESTERN
BC – Before Christ • Hammurabi’s Code (1792 – 1750 BC)
o black stone stele containing the
AD – Anno Domini Latin: In the year of the Lord
Code was carved from a single,
SECULAR / GENERIC four-ton slab of diorite.

BCE – Before Common Era

CE – Common Era EGYPTIAN 3100 BC – 30 BC

Sample Illustration of a Timeline • art with an afterlife focus.

ART TIMELINE

• The history of art is immense. The next • Statue of Seated Imhotep (332 – 30 BC)
slides shows some of the summarized o Imhotep was a high official and an
period of art from prehistoric dated form architect who oversaw construction
30,000 up to modern times: of Egypt's first monumental stone
pyramid.
STONE AGE 30,000 BC – 25,000 BC

• Cave Paintings, Fertility Goddesses’,

Megalithic structures GREEK AND HELLENISTIC 850 BC – 31 BC

One of the Major artworks • Idealism on balance and proportion

• ELGIN MARBLES (447 – 468 BC)

• Stonehenge (3000 – 2000 BC)
o a famous statue sculpted by
o believed to be constructed several
Phidias who is also renowned
stages and now one of the most
painter and architect
famous prehistoric landmarks in the
United Kingdom.

MESOPOTAMIAN 3500 BC – 539 BC

- warrior art and narration in stone relief

One of the major artworks

ROMAN 500 BC – 476 AD • Alhambra
o a palace and fortress complex
• realism, practical, down-to-earth and grand
located in Andalusia, Spain.
arches.
Originally constructed as a small
• Augustus of Prima Porta (447 – 468 BC)
fortress in 889 AD.
o The statue is an idealized image of
Augustus, a pose of a Roman
orator
MIDDLES AGES 500 – 4100

• Celtic, Carolingian, Romanesque,

Renaissance & Gothic.

INDIAN, CHINESE, and JAPANESE 653 BC – • Durham Cathedral

1900 AD o is a Norman building constructed
between 1093 and 1133 in the
• serene and meditative art
Romanesque style. The oldest
surviving building with a large stone
vaulted ceiling.

EARLY & HIGH RENAISSANCE 1400 – 1550

• Rebirth of classical culture

• A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks

(919 – 967 AD)
o the painting was rendered in 1nk
and light color on silk measuring
111.76 × 55.88 cm.

• Mars and Venus (1485)

o early renaissance painting by an
BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC 476 BC – 1453 AD
Italian Alessandro di Mariano di
• heavenly and maze art like design Vanni Filipepi known as Sandro
Botticelli.
VENETIAN & MODERN RENAISSANCE 1430 – • Palace of Versailles (1650)
1550 o the home to the Kings of France,
the Palace of Versailles is one of
• Northward spread of high renaissance.
the most important landmarks in
French history and the symbol of
absolute monarchy system.

NEOCLASSICAL 1750 – 1850

• The Tempest (1508)
o – a painting by the Italian master • recapturing Greco-Roman grandeur.
Giorgione. Originally commissioned
by the Venetian noble Gabriele
Vendramin, the painting is now in
the Gallerie dell'Accademia of
Venice, Italy.

• Venus Victrix (1808)

MANNERISM 1527 – 1580
o sculpture by an Italian Antonio
• breaking the rules, artifice vs nature Canova, often regarded as the
greatest Neoclassical artist,
inspired from Baroque avoiding
melodramatic classical revival.

• The Carmignano Visitation (1528) REALISM 1865 – 1885

o is an oil on panel painting of the
• rustic painting, working class, peasant.
Visitation by Jacopo Carucci also
known as Jacopo Pontormo. He
was an Italian Mannerist painter
and portraitist from the Florentine
School.

BAROQUE 1600 – 1750 • The Death of Nelson (1806)

o a painting by the American artist
• splendor and art as a religious weapon.
Benjamin West dated 1806. Entirely
self-taught artist, soon gained
valuable patronage, and he toured
Europe before, eventually settling in
London.
 • Tahitian Women on the Beach (1891)
o a painting by Paul Gauguin. The
REALISM 1848 – 1900
painting depicts two women on the
• rustic painting, working class, peasants. Pacific island of Tahiti on the beach
during the time of his short
residency in a small island

FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM 1900 – 1935

• Stone Breaker (1749)
o a painting by the French painter • harsh colors, emotion distorting forms.

Gustave Courbet. A work of social

realism, depicting two peasants
breaking rocks and exhibited at the
Paris Salon later that year.

IMPRESSIONISM 1865 – 1885

• fleeting effects of natural light • Yellow-Red-Blue (1925)

o is an abstract oil painting by
Wassily Kandinsky. It features
beautiful bright colors and a variety
of different shapes.

• The Bellelli Family (1867)

o also known as Family Portrait, an oil POST – MODERNISM 1970 – Present
painting on canvas by Edgar
• without center, remixing past styles.
Degas. The painting is a portrait of
his aunt, her husband, and their two
young daughters.

POST – IMPRESSIONISM 1885 – 1910

• The Heydar Aliyev Center (2012)
• post revolt against impressionism. o is a 57,500 m² building complex in
Baku, Azerbaijan designed by Iraqi-
British architect Zaha Hadid and
noted for its distinctive style and
flowing, curved style that eschews
sharp angles.
WHY APPRECIATE ART HISTORY? and engineers are artists too. Have we ever
realized how our life can be the same
• Art history provides a means by which we
without them?
can understand our human past and its
9. Art History boosts our imagination. It is
relationship to our present, because the act
normal to have so many what-if in our
of making art is one of humanity’s most
minds on things around us and processing
ubiquitous activities.
it helps us to be innovative and more
creative.
1. Art History brings you closer to the footprint
10. Art History encourages us to be an artist
of humankind along history, because it’s
too in our own right.
the story of us and our superpower to
appreciate and create.
2. Art History helps you wipe your fears of the
WHY STUDY ART APPRECIATION?
unknown.
o appreciate to learn about the past • We have always heard sayings like "Why
and study art? Why not Engineering, Science,
o to discover connections to the or Commerce?", "Art won't get you
present and the future. anywhere," "Art is useless," "You won't get
3. Art History introduces cultural diversity. a proper job" and so many other issues.
The bizarre and the oddities help us to • The truth based on research was, students
understand humanity. do better in their education because arts
4. Art History trains you to deal and manage makes a huge impact in their character and
oodles of images in little time. To personality.
successfully process everything we • The next few slides are the pointers why art
encounter in our everyday life. is Important in every human daily existence
5. Art History teaches us to cope with
uncertainty, despair and sorrow. Every
artwork is related to reality in itself and it 1. Arts improves creativity skills

helps us to somehow understand all the o “Everybody has a creative potential

difficulties in life. and from the moment you can

6. Art History allows you to connect with express this creative potential, you

feelings we never knew we could have. can start changing the world.” -

When we understand an art we are looking Paulo Coelho, Author

at, and we feel its message that’s what we 2. Art gives you joy.

call aesthetic experience. o “Exercising our creativity can give

7. Art History reminds us how very human we us an outlet from our daily routines,

are. Artists just like us are human being. helping us express emotions and

Every art they make is a reflection of how boost our happiness levels.” - Juliet

human we are. Davey, Psychologist

8. Art History teaches us how to solve 3. Arts relieves stress

problems as artists have done. Architects

 o Studies suggest that art therapy mind helps us to be more social and
can be very valuable in treating react pleasantly
issues such as depression, anxiety, 8. Arts helps us learn visually.
post-traumatic stress disorder and o As they progress in Visual Arts, we
even some phobias. It is a great develop perceptual skills in
way to express your emotions observation and the ability to
without words, process complex respond and view artworks
feelings and find relief. critically. We also develop the
4. Arts gives us the opportunity to conceptual capacity to develop
showcase our skills and talent. ideas and express them visually.
o There are many different ways of They identify, analyze and interpret
expressing our artistic side, and we meaning in artworks from diverse
don't have to aspire to be a contexts
professional. Art is for everybody, 9. Arts helps you to express your
and we can enjoy it simply for its emotions.
own sake. Our artistic abilities are o Art can provide us very natural and
there to be discovered safe way to express ourselves. It
5. Arts gives us confidence. allows us to play, experiment, make
o Arts education improves our a mess, create stories, use
confidence. Studies have shown metaphors to represent feelings,
that when an individual participate explore alternative narratives,
in art activities with peers, the externalize feelings by creating
feedback they give to each other characters, reflect, by sharing art
builds self-respect by helping them with others
learn to accept criticism and praise 10. Art is the language of the soul.
from others o “Art is a profound mirror, always
6. Arts helps us do well academically. reflecting back who you truly are.
o Study shows a few hours of art will Most people are petrified to take a
help us relieve stress and give you look… But if you are brave enough,
happiness. With that our mind will you can see right into your soul.” -
be clear, and that would help us Michelle Baker, Art Therapist
focus on our studies, and that would
help us get better grades
7. Arts helps us to communicate well with
other people.
• The more you appreciate and understand
o Research shows that art therapy
the art of different eras, movements, styles
has a way of energizing the brain,
and techniques, the better you can
even for those children who are
develop, evaluate and improve your own
non-verbal or are autistic. A calm
artwork. The more you develop your skills
 in any art forms of your choice the more you studies have proven that art
become human appreciation improves our quality of
life and makes us feel good
o When we create art according to Dr.
IMPORTANCE OF ART APPRECIATION Shelley Carson, “arts give us ability
to improve our mood, broadens our
• Every person is born with the innate desire
attention and allows us to see
to create art, and similar to other
possible and creative solutions to
professions, training is essential in honing
problems.”
skills to produce art. Art education
broadens a person's comprehension,
development, and visions of art. Art brings
• Art is not meant to be looked at only for
an understanding of diversity, how people
what it is but it allows us to connect and
lived in the past, and connects the issues
empathize on an emotional level while also
concerning contemporary life and art today.
learning about the culture.
• It is meant to stimulate thought because it
1. Art Allows us to Connect with Our Inner
allows viewers to draw their own emotions
Selves
and pull from their personal experiences
o Art can transform our lives. When
when viewed.
we connect with art, we are
• It is very powerful and it naturally develops
ultimately connecting with our inner
critical and innovative thinking skills.
selves. Art enables us to look within
• It also teaches many important qualities
and to listen to ourselves, realize
such as listening, observing and
who we are, and what we care
responding to multiple perspectives.
about. It connects us to our
thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and • Due to the subjective nature of art, we can

our outer realities and experiences. learn to construct meaning and articulate

2. Art Causes us to Have an Appreciation their thoughts when they express, in our

and Gratification for What we Have in own words, our personal opinions about

our Lives what we are seeing, feeling and thinking.

o We tend to be happier when we are • It allows us an opportunity to develop an

able to look at life through a open mind and understand that there is

standpoint of appreciation and more than just one solution to a problem.

gratification - when we are able to • Having an appreciation for art also helps us

view all of the wonderful details that to develop an appreciation for each other

are going well in our lives instead of and how we are all unique in our own way.

focusing on the alternative. • As always mentioned, art is all around us

3. Art Brings More Creativity, Satisfaction, and therefore we have to react towards it
and Happiness Into Our Lives because it gives meaning to our lives and
o Art gives us meaning and helps us helps us understand our world.
understand our world. Scientific
 • Appreciating art provides us with a forum in - Art Appreciation or Aesthetic education -
developing our literacy and communication the capacity to understand works of art and
skills. experience a certain emotional enjoyment
• “Art does not exist only to entertain, but in looking other work of art or creating own
also to challenge one to think, to provoke, arts.
even to disturb in a constant search for the - Art Appreciation refers to analyzing the
truth.” form of an artwork to general audiences to
• "Art is something that makes us more enhance their enjoyment of such works of
thoughtful and well-rounded humans." art.
• “Appreciating art is important. We tend to - Art may be appreciated or analyzed without
think it is a luxury, but it gives people deep reference to subject matter, symbolism or
pleasure because beauty is the historical context.
personification of hope that something - Art appreciation can be subjective

grander is at work.” depending on personal preference to

aesthetics and form, or it can be based on
several elements and principle of design
These cultures formed the foundation of all art and also depends on social and cultural
today. Art appreciation analyzes art using the acceptance.
methods and materials, allowing people to - Art appreciation centers on the ability to
make connections to the context of art and the view art throughout history, focusing on the
interactions of societies. cultures and the people, and how art
developed in the specific periods. It is
difficult to understand art without
LESSON 3: PURPOSE AND AESTHETIC understanding the culture, their use of
STRUCTURE OF ART
materials, and a sense of beauty.
DEFINING ART APPRECIATION
ART APPRECIATION IS
- The term ‘appreciation’ – giving value to;
increase the worth of; understand and - Gaining the knowledge to understand the

recognize good qualities of. art.

- Art appreciation is the knowledge and - Acquire the art methods and materials to

understanding of the universal and discuss art verbally or by the written word.

timeless qualities that identify all great art. - Ability to identify the movements from

The more you appreciate and understand ancient cultures to today's contemporary

the art of different eras, movements, styles art.

and techniques, the better you can CREATIVITY IN ART

develop, evaluate and improve your own
FALLACY
artwork.
- Art Appreciation – simply deals with - Art and creativity are two different
learning or understanding and creating arts concepts. Yes, they are correlated, but one
and enjoying them. does not imply the other at least, not
 automatically, or one is less than the other HOW TO BE A CREATIVE ARTIST
in value.
OPENED TO PLAY
- The skill of being creative develops
curiosity and, along with it, brings new - Artists will be the explorer who never stops.
opportunities forward. They will not be taken back by previous
discoveries or preconceived notions.
FACT
Creative artists will succeed because they
- Being creative means seeking ways to are continuously open to new possibilities,
change the normal and think out of the box. won’t see failure as a drawback but rather
Linking creativity with persistence can as a means of achieving greatness by
result in art, which is the result of creativity becoming aware of what could improve
and constant effort combined.
ARTIST’S EMOTION
- Motivation has to be another element in
the process of creation for art to result. - We all know that artists, whether self-
- There cannot be art without creativity, but taught or otherwise, are creative,
creativity can exist without art emotional, and often sensitive people. Most
creative individuals share in common with
CREATIVITY
the artist’s success and it depends on the
- according to Webster’s creativity is the degree to which they develops these traits.
ability to create and the quality of being
A CONSTANT DESIRE TO CREATE
creative.
- A creative people are constantly engaging
in creating something new. They don’t wait
for something to happen or for the-right-
moment to pass by. They are creating
CREATIVITY IN ART
circumstances for the creation and,
- An artist is the maker of the art and must be therefore, increase their chances of
creative. Being a creative artist requires success in whichever they are doing
knowledge in using the imagination to
THE CREATIVE PROCESS
explore innovative ideas, materials and
tools applicable to any art forms making. STEP 1: PREPARING FOR CREATION
• A creative artist is a person who is
- This does not mean waiting for the right
dedicated to artwork’s originality and
time to come to take action instead
authenticity
preparing yourself for a long ride and
• Just like the first, the envisioning of ideas is
understand where your motivation comes
likely a choice between to create a new one
from. It means that you are taking in the
and or recreate and improve the present
arguments for which you are starting the
ideas.
process and what benefits this creative
process will bring to you
STEP 2: INCUBATING SELECTED IDEAS DISCIPLINED

- This is time to brainstorm ideas and see - creativity happens unexpectedly, so

what you want to create. What are the best whenever an artist is under any
ideas you came up with, and why do you circumstances, he or she is ready to
think that they are good? But most somehow make a note or record the ideas
importantly, how will you act on them in anyway possible.

STEP 3: IMPLEMENTING CHOSEN IDEAS 4 TYPES OF CREATIVITY

- This is the time for the nitty gritty of 1. DELIBERATE AND COGNITIVE
production: The actual making, everything CREATIVITY
between production and creating the final - People who possess deliberate and
master copy cognitive characteristics are purposeful.
They have a great amount of knowledge
MAIN COMPONENTS OF CREATIVITY
about a particular subject and combine
ORIGINALITY their skills and capabilities to prepare a

- The method or idea must be new and course of action to achieve something. This

unique. It should not be the extension of type of creativity built when people work for

something, which already exists. However, a very long time in a particular area.

one can take inspiration from the already 2. DELIBERATE AND EMOTIONAL

existent methods and ideas to fabricate CREATIVITY

something new and unique. - Their creativity is always a balanced

product of deliberate emotional thinking
FUNCTUALITY
and logical actions. creativity is found in the
- A creative idea must work and produce amygdala, a part of the brain and is
results, otherwise, the whole effort will be in responsible for human emotions that helps
vain in learning and information processing.
This is actually a random moments referred
QUALITIES OF CREATIVE PEOPLE
to as “a-ha!” moments when someone
ENERGETIC suddenly thinks of a solution to some
problem or think of some innovative idea
- creative people are energetic physically
3. SPONTANEOUS AND COGNITIVE
and mentally utilizing it to conceptualize
CREATIVITY
ideas.
- There are times when you spend a long
INTELLIGENT time to crack a problem but can’t think of

- creative people are intelligent. Though high any solution or think of any possible way.

level of IQ is a plus, most people are But when you are having your relaxation

intelligent enough in creative thinking and time and suddenly everything falls in place.

smart to create new ideas. Remember the great scientist Isaac

Newton’s law of gravity, the ‘Eureka’
moments.
4. SPONTANEOUS AND EMOTIONAL imagination is a very conscious and
CREATIVITY deliberate process
- This type of creativity are those moments 3. IMAGINATIVE FANTASY
that are defined as rare moments when - This is when you’re able to generate new
great discoveries take place. There is no ideas from scratch and can be guided or
need to have specific knowledge for unguided. This is what most writers and
spontaneous and emotional creativity to artists are good at. We usually have a
happen but there should be a special skill moment of inspiration and go off to explore
to put the ideas into record in anyway can wherever the fantasy may take us
be. 4. EMPATHY
- This is a capacity that human beings have
IMAGINATION IN ART
to mentally detach from ourselves and
IMAGINATION experience what another person is

- Visualizing the unseen or impossible things experiencing from their point of view. It

or envisioning ideas that are not present in allows us to take an imaginative stroll in

reality or wanting it to happen or exist. someone else’s shoes

- Imagination is very much associated with 5. STRATEGIC IMAGINATION

creativity since it is through imagination - This is primarily concerned with what-

where ideas, feelings or images are initially could-be scenario. It’s the ability to spot

put together in the artist’s mind opportunities and visualize what might

- The imagination of the artist may be in the happen if you were to take them. People

form of imaging or picturing, feeling, or who have an excellent strategic

thinking what the work of art will become. imagination will have a realistic

The artists may also use their imagination understanding of their own skills, and be

on the possible alternatives to what they able to spot opportunities to develop

have finished at every step of the process 6. EMOTIONAL IMAGINATION

- In the part of the audience or the public - An artist has to be aware of our emotions

viewers would perhaps use their own and the emotions of human beings more

imagination to understand the artist’s work, generally. The artists has to know how to

which could be verbally difficult to explain create or project fear, how to create
sadness, laughter and how the artist’s
EIGHT SUBSEQUENT IMAGINATIONS IN ART
possess the ability to play on those
1. EFFECTUATED IMAGINATION emotions to generate form and structure
- Allows the artists to synthesize existing that plays into this facet of audience’s
ideas together from existing information mindsets
2. INTELLECTUAL OR CONSTRUCTIVE 7. DREAMS
IMAGINATION - These are an unconscious form of
- The artist is able to work from an existing imagination that we do when we’re asleep.
plan or a definite idea and is guided Scientists are still deciding what these
towards a distinct purpose. Intellectual crazy little night visions are all about, but for
 those of us that dream, it can be a fun and EXPRESSION OF CHARACTER: EXPRESSING
sometimes scary way to access our THE NATURE OF THINGS.
imagination interpret them in an art form.
- Any moral message in the work should not,
8. MEMORT RECONSTRUCTION
therefore, affect the overall value of the
- When we retrieve our memories of people,
artwork in its aesthetics quality, either
objects and events we use our imagination
positively or negatively. Artist’s and patrons
to regenerate the images. Memories are
of the arts also want to protect their creation
subconscious stored bits of information
from censorship. If an artwork is judged
dragged into our conscious brain and our
only on the basis of its aesthetic qualities, it
imagination often fills the gaps where
should not be condemned for its moral
memory hasn’t been curated properly
message
EXPRESSION IN ART
PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS OF ART
- Individual expression of art, it reflects the
PERSONAL OR INDIVIDUAL FUNCTION
artist’s personal thoughts, ideas, style and
feelings. - Regardless of how social we think we are
- Art is an expression made visible by a form. and how dependent we are on others, we
Art as a piece is an expression of the artist have a private and separate understanding
and the artist is an expresser to convey of ourselves. We think of ourselves as
message or create meaning. unique, different, exceptional in some
ways, as if we have thoughts unique only to
CHARACTERISTIC OF EXPRESSION IN ART
us and no one else
EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS – NATURAL
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
RELEASE OR REACTIONS
Many works of art are deliberately designed to
- Expression of feelings often defined as a
influence group thinking like:
showing of emotion that come from the
inner world. Expression is the natural or • Artists may try to make us laugh at the
intentional reaction in which emotional same phenomena.
processes are made and reflected as a • Accept economic, religious, or social
concrete phenomenon ideologies.
• See our social situation in ways which had
EXPRESSION OF BELIEFS AND IDEAS:
not previously been apparent
PHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETATION.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF ART
- In many cultures, art is used in religion,
spiritual or magical rituals, performances - Art is not a pastime or a leisurely activity.
and dances as a decoration or symbol of a Some important aspects are:
god or other divine quality. Anthropologists • self identity
however knows that this expression often • actualization of self
serve a purpose at the level of meaning • remembering
within a particular culture or social norms • hope
 • avoiding sorrow RELIGIOUS FUNCTION OF ART
• rebalancing
- As a stimulus for creativity and culture,
• self-understanding
religion is the spiritual impulse that conjoins
• growth humanity with divinity through spiritual
• appreciation experience, ceremony, and mythology. Art

PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART and religion converge through ritual

practice and presentation of sacred
- Usually relates to items that can be used
narrative, thereby affecting "an experience
for a practical purpose because of their
of the numinous" (Otto, 1923).
physical structure, despite their artistic
appeal. Examples are: AESTHETIC FUNCTION OF ART

• furniture and equipment - Three crucial characteristics of aesthetic

• leisure park development experience:
• gadgets and appliances • fascination with an aesthetic object
• Architecture and related fields of (high arousal and attention),
design • appraisal of the symbolic reality of
• and etc an object (high cognitive
engagement), and a
HISTORICAL FUNCTION OF ART
• strong feeling of unity with the
- Understand our human past and its
object of aesthetic fascination and
relationship to our present. Recording and
aesthetic appraisal
documentation.
- Learn about this rich and fundamental INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY FUNCTION OF ART

strand of human culture. • Understand our - Arts and Design can be classified as a
human past and its relationship to our creative industry. Every industry no matter
present. Recording and documentation. what its type can play a role in the
- Learn to talk and write about works of art economic growth.
from different periods and places • advertising
• manufacturing
• entertainment
CULTURAL FUNCTION OF ART
• tourism
- Art influences society by changing • engineering & technology
opinions, instilling values and translating • computer software
experiences across space and time. It • construction
allows people from different society and • etc
different times to communicate with each
POLITICAL FUNCTION OF ART
other via images, sounds and stories
enriching cultural worth - The arts and politics has a strong
relationship, particularly between various
kinds of art and power, occurs across
 historical epochs and cultures. As they ABSTRACTION
respond to contemporaneous events and
- Art that does not attempt to represent an
politics, the arts take on political as well as
accurate depiction of a visual reality but
social dimensions, becoming themselves a
instead use shapes, colors, forms and
focus of controversy and even a force of
gestural marks to achieve its effect.
political as well as social change
IMPRESSIONISM
PHILOSOPHIES OF ART
- Impressionist art were not trying to paint a
- Philosophy of art is the study of concepts
reflection of real life, but an 'impression' of
and nature of arts such as: interpretation,
what the person, light, atmosphere, object
representation and expression, and form. It
or landscape looked like to them
is closely related to aesthetics, the
philosophical study of beauty and taste. AESTHETIC THEORY

INTEPRETATION - Aestheticism was a late 19th century

European theory based on the idea that art
- Interpretation in art refers to the attribution
exists for the sake of its beauty alone. Good
of meaning to a work. A point on which
judgements in aesthetics are grounded in
people often disagree is whether the artist’s
features of artworks themselves, not just in
or author’s intention is relevant to the
us and our preferences.
interpretation of the work.
- Aesthetic qualities are the qualities of an
TWO BRANCHES OF INTERPRETATION: artwork that speak to the overall feeling or
mood of the artwork. It’s when art elements
INTENTIONALISM
and principles come together to create a
- Concerned with the artist’s intention. sense of beauty, harmony and feel in the

ANTI-INTENTIONALISM artwork.
- Aesthetic perception according to form,
- Rejecting the relevance of the artist’s
interpretation, and context of an artwork.
intention.
- Portrait of Ambroise Vollard is an oil-on-
REPRESENTATION canvas painting by Pablo Picasso, 1910

- It’s a type of description or portrayal of the

artist in the artwork in which revolve around
IMITATIONALISM
creating visceral, intimate worlds that reach
far beyond mere reproduction of the - Representational artwork aims to represent

subjects in the physical world. actual objects or subjects from reality.

Although some forms are taking steps
TYPES OF REPRESENTATION ART:
toward abstraction, they still fall under the
REALISM category of representation.

- Sometimes called naturalism, in the arts is

generally the attempt to represent subject
matter truthfully.
 INSTRUMENTALISM

- The theory that art should be an instrument

for furthering a point of view that is moral,
social, religious, or political. This art tends
to be persuasive

FORMALISM

- It describes the critical position that the

most important aspect of a work of art is its
form. The way it is made and its purely
visual aspects rather than its narrative INSTITUTIONALSIM
content or its relationship to the visible
- This is a relatively new theory of looking at
world.
art. A new art view championed by George
Dickie in 1974, following on work by Arthur
Danto, that art institutions like the
museums and galleries, or specific agents
working within them, have the power to
dictate what is art and what is not

EMOTIONALISM

- Theory of art which places emphasis on the

expressive qualities. According to this
theory, the most important thing about a
FUNDAMENTAL PHILOSOPHIES OF ART
work of art is the vivid communication of
moods, feelings, and ideas. 1. ART IS HUMAN – MADE
- Art expresses as a result of the intricacies
of life, as a result of humans continually
searching for meaning, making meaning
out of lived or observed experiences, and
attempting to connect to other humans
2. ART MUST BE CREATIVE NOT IMITATIVE paper, wood, concrete glass, cloth,
- A creative work of art is something that or cardboard, etc.
makes you ask questions and, because it • SCULPTURE
makes you ask questions, it gets your o It came from a Latin word ‘sculpere’
creativity flowing. which means to cut or removing
3. ART MUST BENEFIT AND SATISFY HUMAN pieces from a stone or any
BEING materials. It is the art of carving,
- Stress Relief modelling, casting, assembling,
- Confidence Boost and constructing materials into
- Problem Solving figures of forms to achieve three-
- Inspiration dimensional piece.
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium • ARCHITECTURE
or material in which they should be known o The art and technique of designing
for. Own unique approach and concept and building, as distinguished from
the skills associated with
construction. The practice of
• The history of the world is similarly the architecture is employed to fulfill
history of art, continually intertwined human both practical and expressive
existence. For millions of years, as humans requirements, and thus it serves
roamed the earth, evolution, and both utilitarian and aesthetic ends.
environment shaped many different • PLASTIC ARTS
cultures depending on location, weather, o Derived from the word ‘plasticize’,
natural resources, and food. meaning ‘to mold’ which describes

LESSON 4: EXPRESSIONS AND ART FORMS any art form that involves modelling
or molding in three dimensions. The
ART FORMS
most common example of the
1. VISUAL ARTS plastic arts is sculpture and
- Visual arts refers to any piece of work or architecture.
creation of art which are primarily visual in 2. PERFORMING ARTS
nature with artistic merit. Major forms are: - are art forms in which artists use their body
• PAINTING movements to dance or play music
o From Latin word ‘pingere’ meaning instruments or use voice to sing in order to
to paint. Painting is a category in convey artistic expression.
visual and fine arts that involve the • MUSIC
application of paint, pigment, color, o is a form of art that uses sound
or other medium to a surface or organized in time. Music is also a
support base in order to present an form of entertainment that puts
image of a subject. Paintings may sounds together in a way that
be done in any surface as walls, people like, find interesting or
dance to. Most music includes
 people singing with their voices or understood and applied to be
playing musical instruments like the proficient in the art.
piano, guitar, drums, violin, etc.
EXAMPLE OF HIP-HOP DANCE ENSEMBLE
EXAMPLE OF MUSIC ENSEMBLE
- Upeepz won the gold medal in 2016, Mega
- Founded in 1973, the Philippine Crew, International Dance Hip-hop
Philharmonic Orchestra is the resident Competition. The team was known for their
symphony orchestra of the Cultural Center urban choreography and street culture
of the Philippines. advocacy.
• OPERA • DRAMA
o is an art form in which singers and o arts are a form of narrative
musicians perform a dramatic work performed on a stage in front of an
combining text or ‘libretto’ and audience. These stories and the
musical score, usually in a way they are portrayed manifest in
theatrical setting. a wide variety of styles, also known
o Opera incorporates many of the as genres. The two oldest genres
elements of spoken theatre, such are tragedy and comedy and are
as acting, scenery, and costumes still popular theme to theater
and sometimes includes dance. productions at present.
The performance is typically given
EXAMPLE OF DRAMA PRODUCTION
in an opera house, accompanied by
an orchestra or smaller musical - From Lualhati Bautista's novel

ensemble. Desaparesidos, a 2018 stage play

production in times of political turmoil which
EXAMPLE OF OPERA ARTIST
took place during the 1970s
- Armida Siguion-Reyna is known to be a
Harana and Kundiman singer but she was
also noted in the world of operas as she • SPOKEN WORDS
performed the lead singing roles in Lucia o poetry is an art that focuses, at its
de Lammersville, Rigoletto, La Traviata, I core, on the words themselves.
Pagliacci, The Merry Widow, and the One quality of spoken word artists
zarzuela Ang Mestiza. is they tend to have a general
• DANCE passion for vernacular and
o is the art form in which human vocabulary. A quality spoken word
movement becomes the medium artists tend to have is a
for sensing, understanding, and commanding stage presence,
communicating ideas, feelings, and though its not always innate, its
experiences. Dance has its own learned.
content, vocabulary, skills, and
techniques, which must be
Example of Spoken Poetry Artist puppets inanimate objects, often
resembling some type of human or
- Scott-Heron’s poetry collections to name a
animal figure, that are animated or
few include Small Talk at 125th and Lenox:
manipulated by a human called a
A Collection of Black Poems (1970) and So
puppeteer.
Far, So Good (1990).
• CIRCUS ACT
- Gilbert Scott-Heron was an American soul
o circus is a group of many different
and jazz poet, musician, and author, known
performers, often including clowns,
primarily for his work as a spoken-word
trapeze artists, and animal trainers.
performer in the 1970s and 1980s.
Traditional circuses have
performing animals, clowns, and
• CINEMA/FILM/MOVIE
acrobats, while more contemporary
o though art cinema is often defined
circuses combine elements of
as an artistic or experimental work
theater, dance, acrobatics, and
expressing symbolic meaning
music.
through the medium of film. It is
3. PERFORMANCE ARTS
ambiguous, aesthetically rich, and
- Performance Art is a form of arts practice
complex and is now considered as
that involves a person or persons
the highest form of performing arts.
undertaking an action or actions within a
EXAMPLE OF CINEMA ARTIST particular timeframe in a particular space or

- “Charlie Chaplin” Comedy Act, 1918 location for an audience (most of the time

- Switzerland, Charles Spencer Chaplin live audience). Central to the process and

Actor, Director and Composer execution of Performance Art is the live

presence of the artist and the real actions
AMUSEMENT FORMS OF PERFORMING ARTS
of his/her body, to create and present an
• MAGIC AND ILLUSION ephemeral art experience to a live
o is a form of performing art using the audience.
natural ability to create illusion and Main Characteristics:
manipulative tricks for the purpose
- The primary medium and conceptual
of entertainment in front of the live
material on which Performance Art is
audiences.
based is the artist’s own body especially
• MIME
facial expressions. Other key components
o is a form of silent art that involves
are time, space and the relationship and
acting or communicating using only
connection between performer and
movements, gestures, and facial
audience.
expressions. A person performing
mime is also simple called a ‘mime’. Characteristics
• PUPPETRY
- It is a legitimate artistic movement
o is a form of theatre or performance
- It is performed live in front of the audience.
that involves the manipulation of
- It is an advocacy-oriented art.
 - It has no rules or guidelines. It is art science fiction. Each subgenres could
because the artist says it is art. It is feature interesting themes like: graphics,
experimental. comedy, and romance.
- It may be entertaining, amusing, shocking
NON-FICTION
or horrifying. It is meant to be memorable.
- It is primarily a not for sale art. - tells the story of real people and events.
Examples include biographies,
Example
autobiographies, or memoirs.
- Video clip, ‘Modern Men’, An Experimental
DRAMA
Performance Art
- Steady Act, ‘Rhythm 0’, 1979, Social - a popular category of literature, is a story
Experiment by Marina Abramovic, Russia created mostly for a stage performance.

- Janine Antoni: Loving care, lick, and lather The most renowned author of drama was
William Shakespeare, the writer of
Macbeth, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.
4. LITERARY ARTS
POETRY
Literary art comes from two words namely:
- a style of writing words arranged in a
- Art metrical pattern and often (though not
- Literature always) in rhymed verse.
- Renowned poets include E.E. Cummings,
ART
Robert Frost, and Maya Angelou.
- means the expression of human feelings
FOLKTALE
that have beauty value.
- referred to as mythology, tells stories of
LITERATURE
originally oral literature and are meant to
- is an absorption word means guide, pass on particular moral lessons. These
guidance or order in the form of text or tales often have a timeless quality, dealing
voice. with common concerns that are relevant
• So it can be concluded that literary art is despite the time period.
something in the form of writing or stories
that have artistic and cultural value that
displays the beauty of speech and 5. NEW MEDIA ARTS
language to convey certain meanings. - Since the 1960s, artistic work or practice
that uses digital or computer technology as
GENRES OF LITERATURE
part of the creative or presentation process
Fiction is either called ‘computer art’ or ‘digital art’.
Later part it was defined as ‘digital media
- features imaginary characters and events.
art’. Today it is now placed under the larger
This genre is often broken up into several
umbrella term the ‘new media art’.
subgenres namely: fantasy, historical
fiction, contemporary fiction, mystery, and
REMARKABLE IMPACTS OF NEW MEDIA
ARTS TO CONTEMPORARY ARTS

- The impact of digital technology has

transformed human art expressions such
as painting, drawing and sculpture, music
and literature even in architecture. The use 3. LANDSCAPE
of new tools which become very helpful for - is strictly referring to land and water
the artists not only to enhance but to make sceneries and forms. Seascape and
artwork in a more creative process towards cityscape is also an acceptable term in
innovative and unexplored paths. specifying particular sceneries.
EXAMPLE - ‘The Bridge at Narni’ is an 1826 painting of
the Ponte d'Augusto at Narni by French
- Architecture 3D Printing
artist Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.
- Landscape Digital Painting
- Green Screen CGI Effects Movies/Films

SUBJECTS OF ART

1. PORTRAITURE
- Specifically referring to depiction of human
male and female. 4. FLORA AND FAUNA
- ‘Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and - artworks representing daily life.
Hummingbird’ is a 1940 painting by - ‘The Morning in a Pine Forest’ is a painting
Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and
Konstantin Savitsky, 1889

5. COUNTRY LIFE
- artworks representing daily life activities.
2. STILL – LIFE - ‘The Fall of Icarus’ portraying life by
- It represents a piece that features an theriver and abundant land to farm by
arrangement of inanimate objects as its Pieter Bruegel, 1560
subject.
- ‘Still Life with a Turkey Pie’ is a 1627
painting by the Dutch painter Pieter Claesz
 - White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender
on Rose) is an abstract painting by Mark
Rothko completed in 1950.

6. RELIGIOUS
- It represents events objects and persons
related to religious beliefs and practices.
- ‘The Transfiguration’ is the last painting by
the Italian High Renaissance master
Raphael. 1516 METHODS OF PRESENTING ART

1. REALISM
- Known also as naturalism, this is an
attempt to represent things as it is with
accuracy and precision.
- ‘The Shepherdess’, also known as The
Little Shepherdess, is a painting by
William-Adolphe Bouguereau completed in
1889.

7. MYTHOLOGICAL
- it represents supernatural events or fantasy
depiction of people, places and objects.
- Greek sculpture of Ocean god, named
‘Marforio’ or ‘Marphurius’, located in Rome,
Italy. Classic mythology in art.

2. SURREALISM
- An invented word came from super
naturalism or simply beyond realism.
Surrealist attempt to represent subjects
which is usually the result of dreams or
8. ABSTRACTION fantasy.
- Art that has no real subjects or - ‘I and the Village’ is an oil on canvas
representation is an abstract, a total painting by the Belarusian-French artist
departure from reality. Marc Chagall created in 1911.
 5. IMPRESSIONISM
- is a realism art based on the artist’s
impression or perception particularly the
effects of lights on the objects or subjects.
- ‘Luncheon on the Grass’ is an 1865–1866
oil on canvas painting by Claude Monet.

3. CUBISM
- The cubist want to emphasize the
advantage of using the basic geometric
shapes in presenting any subjects. Pioneer
artists in this method is Brague and
Picasso. 6. SYMBOLISM
- Cubism, ‘The Bird Seller’ is a history - Just like in literature, symbolism in painting
painting created by a Filipino visual artist represents absolute reality using visible
Vicente Manansala, 1976 signs of object in an indirect manner.
- ‘Oedipus and the Sphinx’ is an 1864 oil on
canvas painting by Gustave Moreau, 1864

4. EXPRESSIONISM
- method is a depiction of emotional realism
expression of a real-life subject based on
subjective perspective.
- ‘Jeune garçon au cheval’ is an oil on
canvas painting by Pablo Picasso. 1906

7. POINTILLISM
- a unique way of rendering a painting
applying fine dots in the canvas
- ‘The Beach at Ambleteuse at Low Tide’ a
pointillism painting by Théo van
Rysselberghe
 10. FAUVISM
- this painting uses bright colors and
attractive shapes that depicts happiness
and positivity.
- ‘The River Seine at Chatou’ by Maurice de
Vlaminck. 1906

8. FUTURISM
- Originated in Italy, this type of painting
depicts motion like the speed of a flying
objects are portrayed dramatically in the
canvas.
- ‘Auroro Sul Golfo’, A futurism painting by 11. DADAISM
Gerardo Dottori, 1935 - Dada as known to artists, this painting is
shocking in portrayal of political, social, and
cultural issues and subjects.
- ‘Switzerland, Birth-Place of Dada’ by Max
Ernst. 1920

9. MINIMALISM
- A modern art emphasizes the importance
of shapes and space to depicts minimal
usage of flamboyant display of decorative
design but rather simplicity. This method is 12. PURE ABSTRACTIONISM
more applicable in sculpture, architecture - from its name, this art is actually a
and product design. withdrawal from truth and reality. This art is
- ‘She Who Must Be Obeyed’ is a minimalist being presented in distortion, elongation,
sculpture 33’ wide and 16’ deep made by mangling, cubism and abstract
Tony Smith in 1975. expressionism.
- ‘The She-Wolf’ is a pure abstraction
painting by Jackson Pollock. 1943
• Art, whether you love it or hate it, the
purpose is to elicit a response. Artists
produce work as a result of internal or
external stimuli, it is the only aim should be
to cause a reaction. - A.C. Grayling