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Statistics
CH 14 Maths | Class 10
Notes + 10 Years Integrated PYQ's
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 Statistics

Mean
"
It the
of numbers which is calculated
by dividing the
→ "
is sum
average n
,

of all the numbers

by n .

values
The mean I
of n X
, ,Xz ,
Xs . . . .
X n is
given by
I = X ,
,Xz,Xz . . . -
X
n

Statistics deal with the collection

presentation and
,
analysis of
numerical data .
Three measures
of central
tendency are :

it Mean Iii ) Median Mode

lil Arithmetic
Mean
a) For Raw Data
or Mean or
Average
observations them their
If n n . .
n .
.
. .
. .
an are
given mean :

I =
n ,
t
uz t ng t . . . .
N
n
=
I £ ni
r
n i = I

b) For Data
Uugrouped
there distinct variable
Ifwith are a observation n
. .
n.
.
. . - un
of
arithmetic
n

frequencies f. fr ,
. . -

fu respectively ,
then the
mean is
given by
tini
I fin t fancy f nun
= + =
.

, . . . .

fit fat . . -
tf n

€ fi ,

c) Foe data
Grouped
i ) To
find the mean
of grouped data it is assumed that
,
the
 class around
frequency of each interval is central mid
point
- -

it Direct Method

Mean txt =
S fix i
s fi

Assumed Mean Method / Short - but Method

Mean txt =
a t Efidi
{ fi

Median

If the
we
arrange
the numbers in an
ascending or
descending order then
middle number
of the series will be median .
the number
If of
series is then the median will be the
even
average of two middle
Nos .

"

If u is odd then median is

( HII ) observation

If the n is even the median is the

average of healthand (h " observation .

a) For data
Un
grouped
odd
If u is
Median =

( n th term
If u is even
"

ki 'T turn
Median = (E) term t

b) For
Grouped Data
Let First find then class which
u =
fit fat . . .
t
fu .

hz
, ,
in
¥
lies .

The class is known as median class .

 Median the be calculated
of grouped data can
using :

Mediant me) =

lt[-f)xh
l lower hint class
of median
=

f- Frequencyobservation
=

n
-
no .

of
bunudatwi
f. frequency
=
c.

blass
h
size
=

Question

1) The Me is 525 .
Find the value
of n
andy if the
frequency is too .

Glass Interval 0 100

2001300
1000

2,00
300 500 Goo -700700 900900

-2100
Goo 800
-400
400 800

-2400
- -
- - -

Frequency , , 20 Y 9 7 4

blass Interval Frequency bwmulative Frequency

O -
100 2 2
100 -
200 5 7

200 -
soo N T t k

boo -
hoo 12 194 N
Goo -
500 IF 36 t N

500 -
600 20 56 th

Goo y 56
Too
tutty
-

9 65 + Mt
700 800
y
-

800 900
7 72 1- U
ty
-

qoo
-
1000
4 76 1- Nty

Hence ,
76 t
Nty
=
too

Mt =
100 76 =
24
y
-

Given Median - 525 so median class = 500 Goo

-

,
 Median =
l
tE-f] x h

)
N

-1µF 2b!
+

[ Given ]
-

525 =
500 x 100 n -
too
,

525 -
500 =
( 50 -
36 -
n ) x 5
25 =
( 14 -
n) x 5

N
=
14 -
5 = 9

Putting value =
of
24
n in
9
equation
15
lit ,
we
get
y
-
=

Mode
Mode
of Grouped Data
→
Mode is that value the observation which occurs most
the value among
often ,
that is ,
of the observation
called the modal blass
having masc
frequency ,

G.
Looking
g. occurrence
at data below
at class
,
we can
say
that maximum
61 But
occur 60 so
frequency
-

,
.

tell the most data ( mode )

we can't
frequent
Lifetime ( hrs) O -
20 20 -
no 40 - Go Go -
80 80 -
100 100 -
120

Frequency 35
10 52 61 38 29

Formula .
Modal Glass = 60 -
80

Mode l
( 2ft ti fo
)
-

= + x h

fo fa
- -
h =

size of class interval (

assuming
all class
sizes to be
equal )
fi =
Frequency of modal class
class the modal blass
fo Frequency of preceding
=

the modal class

f- Frequency of class
succeeding
=
z

h = 80 -
60=20
l =
60

MODAL CLASS

Lifetime ( hrs) O -
20 20 -
no 40 - Go Go -
80 80 -
100 100 -
120

Frequency 35
10 52 61 38 29

fu fi f -

For the
Enampk above ,
modal class is 60 -
so with
frequency 61 .

Therefore e. = so
,
h -80 -

60=20
, f ,
= 61
, fo = 52
,
fz = 38

Mode l
( 2ft ti fo
)
-

= + x h

fo f
- -
a

Mode = Go t ( 61 -
52 ) X 20

( 2x 61 -
52 -
38
)
=
65 -

625
 Previous Year Questions

1. In a continuous frequency distribution, the median of the

data is 21. If each observation is increased by 5, then find
the new median.
[1M, 2015]
A1. New median = 21 + 5 = 26

2. From the following frequency distribution, find the median

class:

[1M, 2019]
A2.
∴ Median class 1700 – 1850.

3. Consider the following distribution, find the frequency of

class 30-40.

[1M, 2017]
A3.
 ∴ Frequency of class 30 – 40 = 3

4. Following table shows sale of shoes in a store during one

month:

Find the model size of the shoes sold.

[1M, 2014]
A4. Maximum no. of pairs sold = 25 (size 5)
∴ Modal size of shoes = 5
 5. Weekly household expenditure of families living in a
housing society are shown below:

Find the upper limit of the modal class.

[1M, 2016]
A5. Maximum frequency = 48
∴ Modal class = 9,000 – 12,000
Upper limit of the modal class = 12,000
 6. The mean of the following data is 18.75. Find the value of
P:

[2M, 2017]
A6.

7. Data regarding heights of students of Class X of Model

School, Dehradun is given below. Calculate the average
 height of students of the class.

[2M, 2015]
A7.
 8. From the following cumulative frequency table, construct a
frequency distribution table:

[2M, 2019]
A8.

9. Show that the mode of the series obtained by combining

the two series S1 and S2 given below is different from that
of S1 and S2 taken separately:
S1 : 3, 5, 8, 8, 9, 12, 13, 9, 9
S2 : 7, 4, 7, 8, 7, 8, 13
[2M, 2015]
 A9. In S1 : Number 9 occurs 3 times (maximum)
∴ Mode of S1 Series = 9
In S2 : Number 7 occurs 3 times (maximum)
∴ Mode of S, Series = 7
After combination:
In S1 & S2 : No. 8 occurs 4 times (maximum)
∴ Mode of S1 & S2 taken combined = 8
So, mode of S1 & S2 combined is different from that of S1 &
. S2 taken separately.

10. Find the median of the data using an empirical formula,

when it is given that mode = 35.3 and mean = 30.5
[2M, 2018]
A10. Mode = 3(Median) – 2(Mean)
35.3 = 3(Median) – 2(30.5)
35.3 = 3(Median) – 61
96.3 = 3 Median
Median = 96.3/3 = 32.1
11. The marks obtained by 100 students in an examination
are given below:

[3M, 2019]
A11.
12. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution.

[3M, 2018]
A12. The given frequency distribution table is

Here, the maximum class frequency is 16

Modal class = 30-40
lower limit (l) of modal class = 30
Class size (h) =10
 Frequency (f1) of the modal class = 16
Frequency (f0) of preceding class = 10
Frequency (f2) of succeeding class = 12

13. The table below shows the salaries of 280 persons:

[3M, 2018]
A13.

N/2 = 280/2 = 140

The cumulative frequency just greater than 140 is 182.
Median class is 10 -15.
l = 10, h = 5, N = 280, c.f. = 49 and f = 133
14. If the mean of the following distribution is 50, find the
value of p:

[3M, 2013]
A14.
15. Find the mean of the following distribution by Assumed
Mean Method:

[3M, 2015]
A15.
16. Find the mean and median for the following data:

[3M, 2015]
A16.
17. Heights of students of class X are given in the following
frequency distribution:

[3M, 2014]
A17.

Maximum frequency is 20
∴ Modal class is 160 – 165

∴ The modal height = 163 cm

18. A medical camp was held in a school to impart health
education and the importance of exercise to children.
During this camp, a medical check of 35 students was
done and their weights were recorded as follows:

Compute the modal weight.

[3M, 2016]
A18.

∴ Modal weight = 46.9 kg

19. Change the following data into ‘less than type’
distribution and draw its ogive:

[4M, 2020]
A19.
20. If the median of the following frequency distribution is
32.5. Find the values of f1 and f2.

[4M, 2019]
A20.
21. The marks obtained by 100 students of a class in an
examination are given below.

[4M, 2019]
A21.
To draw a less than ogive, we mark the upper-class limits of
the class intervals on the x-axis and their c.f. on the y-axis by
taking a convenient scale.
Here, n = 100 ⇒ n/2 = 50
To get median from graph From 50, we draw a perpendicular
to the curve then from that point draw again perpendicular to
x-axis.
The point where this perpendicular meet on the x-axis will be
the median.
Median = 29
22. The following distribution gives the daily income of 50
workers of a factory.

Convert the distribution above to a ‘less than type’

cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.
[4M, 2019]
A22.
23. The table below shows the daily expenditure on the food
of 25 households in a locality. Find the mean daily
 expenditure of food.

[4M, 2018]
A23.
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion
(A) is followed by a statement of reason (R) . Mark the correct
choice as:
a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and
reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct but
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c. Assertion (A) is correct, reason (R) is incorrect
d. Assertion (A) is incorrect, reason (R) is correct

24. Assertion : The arithmetic mean of the following given

frequency distribution table is 13.81.

x 4 7 10 13 16 19

f 7 10 15 20 25 30

Reason :

A24. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and
. reason is the correct explanation of assertion.