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CBSE Class 10 Coordinate Geometry Study Notes | PDF | Cartesian Coordinate System | Euclid
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CBSE Class 10 Coordinate Geometry Study Notes

The document discusses topics in coordinate geometry including the distance formula, section formula, mid-point formula, and area of a triangle. It provides detailed steps to derive each formula and includes diagrams to illustrate the concepts. Coordinate geometry formulas and their derivations are explained.

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881 views8 pages

CBSE Class 10 Coordinate Geometry Study Notes

The document discusses topics in coordinate geometry including the distance formula, section formula, mid-point formula, and area of a triangle. It provides detailed steps to derive each formula and includes diagrams to illustrate the concepts. Coordinate geometry formulas and their derivations are explained.

Uploaded by

bhuvaninfosystems
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POST CLASS NOTES

Coordinate
Geometry
Topics

1. Fundamentals

2. Distance Formula

3. Section Formula
3.1 Mid-Point Formula

4. Area of Triangle
Fundamentals

Distance of a point from the


y-axis is x coordinate or
abscissa

x1
(0 , y1)
P (x1 , y1)

y1

0 (0 , 0) (x1 , 0) X
Distance of a point from
Origin the x-axis is y coordinate
or ordinate
Distance Formula
Y
Q (x2 , y2)

(y2 – y1)

(x1 , y1) P R
(x2 – x1)

0 A N X

Steps to Derive

Using Pythagoras theorem:

PQ = PR 2 + (𝑄𝑄R)2

Now, PR = (𝑥𝑥2 – 𝑥𝑥1) and QR =(𝑦𝑦2 – 𝑦𝑦1)

Distance, PQ = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 − 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐


Section Formula
Y Q (x2 , y2)
m2
(x, y) M
S
m1

(x1 , y1) P R

0 A C B X

Steps to Derive

△PRM ∼ △ MSQ (Similar triangles)


𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
= =
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
𝑚𝑚1 𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥1 𝑦𝑦−𝑦𝑦1
= =
𝑚𝑚2 𝑥𝑥2−𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦2−𝑦𝑦

On solving for x and y separately:

(
M(𝐱𝐱, 𝐲𝐲) =
𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐𝐱𝐱𝟏𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏
,
(
𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏 + 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐
Mid-Point Formula
Y Q (x2 , y2)
m2
(x, y) M
m1

(x1 , y1) P

0 A C B X

Steps to Derive

Section Formula

(
M(x, y) =
m1x2 + m2x1 m1y2 + m2y1
,
(
m1 + m2 m1 + m2

M is the mid point , so m1 : m2 = 1 : 1

∴ m1 = 1 and m2 = 1

(𝐱𝐱𝟏𝟏 + 𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏+ 𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐


M(𝐱𝐱, 𝐲𝐲) = ,
(
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Area of Triangle
Y Q (x2 , y2) Y Q (x2 , y2)

(x1 , y1) (x1 , y1)


P P
R (x3 , y3) R (x3 , y3)

0 A B C X 0 A B C X

Y Q (x2 , y2)

(x1 , y1)
P
R (x3 , y3)

0 A B C X

Steps to Derive
Area of ∆PQR = area of trapezium APQB + area of trapezium BQRC
– area of trapezium APRC
𝟏𝟏
Area of ∆PQR = 𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 + 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 𝐱𝐱 𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀
𝟏𝟏
+ 𝟐𝟐
𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 + 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝐱𝐱 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩
𝟏𝟏
- 𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 + 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝐱𝐱 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
After writing distances using coordinates and solving
𝟏𝟏
Area of ∆PQR = [𝐱𝐱
𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐 − 𝐲𝐲𝟑𝟑 + 𝐱𝐱𝟐𝟐 𝐲𝐲𝟑𝟑 − 𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏 + 𝐱𝐱𝟑𝟑 𝐲𝐲𝟏𝟏 − 𝐲𝐲𝟐𝟐 ]
Mind Map

Distance Formula

Coordinate
Geometry

Section Formula Area of Triangle

Mid-Point Formula

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